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AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010An American National StandardStandardWelding Termsand DefinitionsIncluding Terms for AdhesiveBonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, andThermal Spraying
AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 1, 2009Standard Welding Terms and DefinitionsIncluding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing,Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying12th EditionSupersedes AWS A3.0:2001Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard is a glossary of the technical terms used in the welding industry. Its purpose is to establish standard termsto aid in the communication of welding information. Since it is intended to be a comprehensive compilation of weldingterminology, nonstandard terms used in the welding industry are also included. All terms are either standard or nonstandard.They are arranged in word-by-word alphabetical sequence.550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-763-4American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2009 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: www.copyright.com .ii
AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex E).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and shouldbe addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A2 Committee onDefinitions and Symbols and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to thecomments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols to expresstheir comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.iii
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AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010PersonnelAWS A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsB. B. Grimmett, ChairJ. P. Christein, Vice ChairA. M. Alonso, SecretaryL. J. BarleyD. M. BeneteauC. K. FordB. C. GalliersJ. A. GranthamJ. J. GullottiC. LanderR. L. HoldrenP. M. NewhouseW. F. QuallsL. J. SiyJ. J. VagiJ. L. WarrenK. R. WillensB. D. WorleyAreva NPNorthrop Grumman Shipbuilding—Newport NewsAmerican Welding SocietyConsultantCenterLine (Windsor) LimitedHobart Institute of Welding TechnologyGeneral Electric AviationWelding & Joining Management GroupElectric Boat CorporationSt. John Inspection ServicesApplication Technologies Company, LLCBC Hydro EngineeringConsultantConsultantEngineering ConsultantCNH America, LLCKenal AssociatesUnison Industries—Elano DivisionAdvisors to the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsJ. E. GreerA. J. KathrensMoraine Valley CollegeCanadian Welding BureauSpecial ContributorR. L. PeasleeWall Colmonoy CorporationAWS A2B Subcommittee on DefinitionsR. L. Holdren, ChairB. B. Grimmett, Vice ChairA. M. Alonso, SecretaryL. J. BarleyD. M. BeneteauB. C. GalliersJ. A. GranthamW. F. QuallsJ. J. VagiK. R. WillensApplications Technologies Company, LLCAreva NPAmerican Welding SocietyConsultantCenterLine (Windsor) LimitedGeneral Electric AviationWelding & Joining Management GroupConsultantEngineering ConsultantKenal Associatesv
AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010Advisors to the AWS A2B Subcommittee on DefinitionsA. B. CediloteA. T. CullisonC. K. FordJ. E. GreerM. F. SmithB. D. WorleyWABCOAmerican Welding SocietyHobart Institute of Welding TechnologyMoraine Valley CollegeSandia National LaboratoriesUnison Industries—Elano Divisionvi
AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010, Standard Welding Terms and DefinitionsIncluding Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, andThermal Spraying, but is included for informational purposes only.The A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols was formed by the American Welding Society to establish standardterms and definitions to aid in the communication of welding information. This publication is the major product of workdone by the Subcommittee on Definitions in support of that purpose.The first AWS document containing welding definitions was prepared by the Committee of Definitions and Chart andapproved by the Executive Committee as Tentative Definitions of Welding Terms and Master Chart of Welding Processes,on January 18, 1940. A revision was approved by the AWS Board of Directors on May 7, 1942.The next revision, bearing the designation A3.0, was called Standard Welding Terms and Their Definitions. This revision,published in 1949, listed the terms alphabetically.During the late 1950s, the Committee was reorganized as the AWS Committee on Definitions and Symbols, and afterseveral years’ work, produced A3.0-61, AWS Definitions, Welding and Cutting. Subsequent revisions were published in1969, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1994.In 2001, the title of the document was changed to Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for AdhesiveBonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, to align with the objectives of the Society and thescope of the publication.The present publication, A3.0M/A3.0:2010, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for AdhesiveBonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, defines over 1400 terms, with 60 illustrations tosupport and clarify the definitions, as well as classification charts and corollary information related to welding and alliedprocesses. This latest revision includes significant enhancements to terms relating to brazing, resistance welding, andsoldering. Hybrid processes have been addressed for the first time. New process groupings include high energy beamwelding (HEBW) and thermal gouging (TG). The Master Chart of Processes has been revised to classify the latest process developments and enhancements.Revisions to the 2001 edition are identified by a vertical line in the margin next to the text (see Clause 1, Scope).Figures in this edition have been relocated to Annex B to comply with the new document style. The committee does notconsider this numbering change as justification for the use of vertical lines to denote this revision. Figures in Annex B ofthis standard are examples and are not intended to represent all possible conceptual variations.It must be understood that the Definitions Subcommittee cannot be the ultimate judge in terms of the preferability,acceptability, or correctness of any term for a specific situation. Such determinations are left to the discretion and opinion of the welding terminology user. There is one exception: when the use of a nonstandard term may endanger personalsafety, that term is defined as both nonstandard and incorrect. The Definitions Subcommittee has neither the authority northe desire to dictate welding terminology, but considers it within its province to establish standard terms and nonstandardterms.vii
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AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel .vForeword.viiList of Tables.xList of Figures.x1.Scope.12.Normative References .13.Terms and Definitions .24.Glossary.2Annex A (Normative)—Process, Classifications, and Designations.51Annex B (Normative)—Figures .63Annex C (Informative)—Principles of A3.0M/A3.0 Style .
All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, orFile Size: 2MBPage Count: 162Explore furtherAWS Bookstore - Standard Welding Terms and Definitionspubs.aws.orgCOPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by .www.nimaazmoon.comStandard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive .bayanbox.irStandards - AWSwww.aws.orgAWS Bookstore - Standard Welding Terms and Definitionspubs.aws.orgRecommended to you based on what's popular Feedback
