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World Citizenship Report 2022S ECT IO NAbout the ReportQUALITY OF LIFEEast Asia & PacificAustraliaHong Kong(SAR China)JapanNew ZealandKorea(Republic)Europe & Central Asia908888Costa ritiusNorwayMonacoChileDenmarkIsraelSaudi Arabia9288Middle East & North AfricaUnited ArabEmiratesSwitzerlandLatin America & Caribbean73Botswana39Gabon25North AmericaUSACanadaSouth Asia8787Sri Lanka68Bhutan59MaldivesIndiaBangladesh645555

World Citizenship Report 2022GLOBAL MOBILITYEast Asia & PacificEurope & Central ingapore91FinlandLatin America & CaribbeanChile83Bahamas7888Argentina79New 75Middle East & North AfricaUnited us73South Africa43SeychellesNorth AmericaUSACanadaSouth Asia8786Maldives37India22BhutanSri LankaNepal23171572Botswana39Suriname3713

World Citizenship Report 2022S ECT IO NAbout the ReportFINANCIAL FREEDOMEast Asia & PacificNew ZealandSingaporeHong Kong(SAR China)919188Denmark87Norway83SwedenLatin America & CaribbeanChile70Costa 186Switzerland81Barbados61Middle East & North AfricaUnited auritius67Seychelles64Rwanda14Europe & Central Asia65Botswana63Cape Verde57North AmericaUSACanadaSouth Asia7876Bhutan37Sri Lanka50India56Maldives48Nepal48

World Citizenship Report 2022We exist in a world where citizens no longerwant to be labelled by the country in which theyreside or they were born, but rather to decidewhere one can manifest feelings of home.- Micha Emmett15

World Citizenship Report 2022SECT IONAbout the ReportMETHODOLOGYA high number of individuals underestimate the value ofthe citizenship and nationality that they acquire at birth.The possibilities it affords them to move freely betweendifferent jurisdictions, the protections it guaranteesunder law, and the safety and security it provides forthemselves and their family are rarely adequatelyappreciated. However, for the many people who do notenjoy these benefits, citizenship can also represent thelock to the jail that imprisons them.Indeed, the increasing economic and political instabilitythat marks many parts of the globe has created a newSo, there’s a sense of safety andsecurity, ‘my assets will be safe andsecure. That way I can structuremy assets and my estate. Shouldanything happen to me, I can trustthe law to protect me and my family.’So, these are quite key things.urgency for acquiring second citizenship – a trendResearch participantfurther accelerated by COVID-19 – which stems as areflection of the continued importance of the citizenshipsolutions industry.jurisdictions across five motivators of citizenship out of aWhat are the underlying motivations and concernsmaximum attainable score of 100 points.that are experienced by international families andbusinesspeople seeking to enhance their global mobility?Although some of the motivations behind the pursuit ofWhat relevance do they assign to the many differentan additional citizenship are more renowned, very littleaspects that compose citizenship?empirical data exists which specifically examines thesephenomena from the perspective of an HNWI. As such,The World Citizenship Report (WCR) attempts to clarifymixed- methods research techniques were employedthese issues with the World Citizenship Index, anboth to determine the factors at play in the decision-innovative tool that adopts a holistic paradigm to rankingmaking processes of second citizenship seekers, andthe citizenships of the world across multiple dimensions.to measure the relative value placed on each of theseThe WCR is the product of a research-driven approachfactors. This multidimensional approach ensured that thethat transcends ordinary notions of passport strength byattitudes under investigation were captured as accuratelyattributing greater significance to the diverse attitudesand meaningfully as possible.regarding the key facets of second citizenship. Unlikeother rating methods, the WCR ranking is designed toConsequently, rather than relying exclusively on valuereflect the citizenship’s value through the lens of thejudgements to construct and weight the WCR, thetypical citizenship investor: the High Net-Worth Individualunparalleled network of industry experts and access(HNWI) global citizen.to global citizens was leveraged to isolate the t.Thesefactors were then further explored and validated bysurveying the view of global HNWIs on the value ofThe unique methodology of the WCR relies on thesecond citizenship.experience gained through our unparalleled work in16the Citizenship by Investment (CBI) industry, as wellThe WCR methodology can be broken down into threeas comprehensive empirical research to evaluate 187distinct stages:

World Citizenship Report 2022STEP 1In-depth interviews andfocus groups conducted with existingglobal citizens and experts withinthe citizenship solutions industry toidentify the most important themespertaining to the value of secondcitizenshipSTEP 2Findings from the qualitativedata analysis are used to design acustom survey to test both the validityand relative importance of the themesgleaned from interviews. The surveyis completed by over 500 HNWIs fromaround the world.STEP 3Selection of index components andweightings is completed after a finalreview of the data and consultationwith our experts. Overall countryscores are calculated as a weightedaverage of the five principalmotivators scored using officialstatistics sources.Figure 1: The three stages of the WCR 2345677DenmarkNorwayNew rg84.68101112131415IcelandAustraliaIrelandUnited KingdomLiechtensteinBelgiumSan ng Kong (SAR China)80.220United States of America80.01719RankPortugalSpainCountryFigure 2: Top 20 list of 2022 WCR scores80.380.1WCR Score17

World Citizenship Report 2022SECT IO NAbout the ReportSelection of the WCR indicatorsThe core citizenship themes and insights distilled fromDue to the multiplicity of benefits that a citizenship candirectly applied for the design of a survey to further testgrant, the judgement on the principal elements thatboth their validity and relative importance. The surveywould comprise the WCR was a critical methodologicalwas completed by over 500 HNWIs.the qualitative analysis of interview data were thenconsideration. This was achieved through a rigorousresearch process employing both qualitative andquantitative techniques that outlined the answer totwo fundamental questions:What are the driving forces behind HNWIs pursuingan additional citizenship?How much relative importance is placed on each ofthese factors?APAC32.8%North America32.2%Figure 3: Breakdown of research participants by region18Europe26.5%Latin America3.7%Africa3.3%Middle East1.5%

World Citizenship Report 2022Calculating the WCRThe wide-ranging scope of the WCR permits to,The unique methodology of the WCR is a product ofindicators to all jurisdictions, where it is estimated bycomprehensive qualitative and quantitative researchdrawing on regional and national income averages (GNI)to evaluate 187 nationalities across five motivators ofas specified by the World Bank. The countries excludedcitizenship according to their value to HNWIs across thefrom the WCR due to the lack of a sufficient numberglobe. The nested structure of the Index can provide aof data sets are the following:occasionally, avoid extending data for the quantitativereader with an improved understanding of the ways inwhich each element of citizenship performs both withinRepublic of Fijiand between different jurisdictions.Solomon IslandsKiribatiIn order to quantify and construct a score for each ofMarshall Islandsthe five motivators of the WCR, reliance was placed onMicronesiapublicly available, official statistics sources publishedNauruby the World Bank Group (WBG), the World EconomicSamoaForum (WEF), the United Nations World TourismTongaOrganisation (UNWTO), United Nations DevelopmentTuvaluProgramme (UNDP), and other internationally renownedNorth Koreainstitutions.Vatican CityThe WCR was calculated using a weighted average based on the following five motivators:Safety and Security (SS) – 25% WCR rankingEconomic Opportunity (EO) – 25% WCR rankingQuality of Life (QL) – 25% WCR rankingGlobal Mobility (GM) – 15% WCR rankingFinancial Freedom (FF) – 10% WCR ranking19

World Citizenship Report 2022THEWORLDPOST-COVIDThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, widely regarded as one of themost serious crises of recent times, has had a wide-ranging impact onalmost every realm of society, from domestic life to the global economy.The rapid deterioration of global healthcare systems represented themere beginning of an ample set of events that featured the urgentimposition of response measures against the spread of the virus such associal distancing, self-isolation, and travel constraints. These restrictionsdramatically reduced the workforce and wreaked far-reaching damageacross all economic and social sectors.20

World Citizenship Report 2022Safety and SecuritySafety and security play an essential part in our lives sincethey provide a sense of stability. However, with the onsetof the COVID-19 pandemic, for many, this domain has comeinto question.A recent survey of more than 5,000 respondents undertakenin Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Spaininvestigated the varying perceptions that people retainedaround the COVID-19 crisis and the ways in which it affectedtheir sense of safety in relation to their place of work and trustin their governments.KEY FINDINGSWomenandyoungerrespondentsexperienced greater anxiety about theirfinancial security. Across all countries,women were between 3% and 9%more concerned than men about theirfinancial situations. Millennials weresimilarlyaffected,beingthemostworried age group across all countries.Governments endured a substantial lossof trust. Decisions around mandatoryprotective masks and limits to thenumber of customers permitted insideof stores have been perceived as moresafe and secure. In contrast, the closingof shops, bars and travel restrictionshave instilled greater insecurity in all fivenations. In Germany, school closuresand curfews appeared to be morepolarizing than in other countries.Over half of all respondents under theage of 30 faced faltering confidence aboutfinding employment after completingtheir studies due to the COVID-19pandemic.21

World Citizenship Report 2021SECT IO NFeaturesEconomic OpportunityAlthough over a billion people have been lifted out ofSouth Asia, followed by Sub-Saharan Africa. The latest Povertyextreme poverty since 1990 despite the 2008 financialand Shared Prosperity Report suggests that most of thosecrisis, data indicates that COVID-19 has significantly slowedaffected are engaged in informalised services, constructionthe rate of global poverty reduction. The World Bank hasand manufacturing – all sectors in which economic activity isestimated that an additional 88 million people fell intomost affected by lockdown and other mobility restrictions.extreme poverty in 2020 due to both the direct and indirectconsequences of COVID-19.Additionally, the World Bank predicts that the largest share ofFigure 4: The red and blue lines evidence the extent towhich COVID-19 has hindered the pre-pandemic historicaldownward trend for global poverty.the newly impoverished demography will be concentrated inKEY FINDINGS4.2% decline in GDP per capita in 2020 (UnitedNations Department of Economic and SocialAffairs)An estimated -3.3% to -4.3% contraction inworld GDP in 2020, considerably worse thanduring the 2008 financial crisis (InternationalMonetary Fund and World Bank)A decrease in international tourism receipts ofUSD 1.3 trillion in 2020, compared to the USD1.5 trillion generated in 2019 (United NationsWorld Trade Organisation)A fall of global merchandise trade volumeby 5.3% in 2020 compared to 2019 (WorldTrade between April and June 2020, with global income earned by workers reduced by 10% inthe first nine months of 2020, equivalent toa loss of over USD 3.5 trillion (InternationalLabour Organisation)

World Citizenship Report 2022Global MobilityAs many governments review travel restrictions likeGhebreyesus highlighted that solely in high-income countries,international border closures, imposed quarantines andone in four people had been vaccinated, a ratio that decreaseshealth requirements, citizens continue to experience theto one in five hundred in poorer countries.impact on their global mobility.In addition to privacy concerns, there is a tangible prospectA decline in aviationfor COVID-19 passports to widen the disparities betweendeveloped and developing economies across major areas ofLockdowns and border closures elaborated the most extensivehuman development and elevate anxieties around privacysuspension of international air travel in history, with theand data protection.number of passengers on international flights diminishing by92% in comparison to the same months in 2019, according to“States Parties are strongly encouraged to acknowledge thedata from the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).potential for requirements of proof of vaccination to deepeninequities and promote differential freedom of movement,”The ICAO also estimated a reduction of approximately 60% instated the WHO.global air passengers in 2020, resulting in a USD 371 billionloss in gross passenger operating revenues. Furthermore, theorganisation estimated a loss of 66.3% (over USD 125 billion)in airport revenues in 2020 compared to business as usual.A growing gap between the haves and the have-notsThe spread of the COVID-19 virus has deeply curtailed themobility prospects of some segments of society, includingrefugees and migrant workers, whose urgency to move iscompelled by necessity, while having little impact on businesstravellers and other individuals that possess the resourcesto cross borders for work, family or tourism. This gap ispresumed to persist, especially as travel rules begin to favourthose vaccinated or tested against COVID-19.A central debate around the pandemic restrictions concernsCOVID-19 passports, deemed to have the potential ofacquiring the highest significance on the future of globalmobility. While there are valid arguments to be made bothin favour and contrary to the deployment of COVID-19passports, their distribution is intrinsic to the administrationof the vaccines against COVID-19 .During a meeting of the United Nations in April 2020, DirectorGeneral of the World Health Organisation (WHO), TedrosAdhanom Ghebreyesus, highlighted that of the 832 millionvaccine doses administered, 82% have gone to high or uppermiddle-income countries, while only 0.2% have been suppliedto their low-income counterparts. Furthermore, Adhanom23

World Citizenship Report 2022SECT IO NFeaturesQuality of LifeThe most tragic effect of the pandemic has been the aroundtwo million deaths from COVID-19 in 2020, a rise of nearly4% in the annual number of deaths worldwide, whichrepresents a severe social welfare loss. In addition to thiscrisis, the rest of the population was subject to greatereconomic insecurity, anxiety and, for many people, stressand challenges to mental and physical health.KEY FINDINGSAccording to the 2020 World HappinessReport, the inability to work has damagedwell-being, with unemployment during theCOVID-19 pandemic becoming associatedwith a 12% decline in life satisfaction anda 9% increase in negative affectivity. Forlabour market inactivity, these figuresare 6.3% and 5%, respectively. Whileyoung people report lower levels of wellbeing than other age groups, the effectof not being able to work is less severein comparison to that experienced byolder cohorts, suggesting that they maybe more optimistic about future labourmarketopportunitiespost-COVID-19.Countries that have introduced moresubstantial labour market protections forworkers have generally witnessed lesssevere declines in well-being.GlobalGDPisestimatedtohavediminished by roughly 5% in 2020,representingthelargesteconomicrecession in a generation. In manycountries,jobvacanciesremainedapproximately 20% below normal levelsby the end of 2020. Young people, lowincome, and low-skill workers have alsobeen more inclined to lose working hoursor their jobs.24

World Citizenship Report 2022Financial onomicwhichuncertaintypreviouslyandInvestment immigration firm CS Global Partner saw a 42%causedincline of interest in investment citizenship from Americansconsiderable concerns for investors, intensified duringin 2020 compared to the previous year. “One of the mostthe COVID-19 pandemic. In response, greater geographicsignificant consequences of the pandemic was the Unitedand personal investment diversification, as methods toStates’ decline in passport power, leaving HNWIs withouthedge against further market deterioration, concurrentlythe ability to travel as freely as pre-pandemic. However,developed further. For example, the global wealth ofthose who held second citizenship and passport couldHNWIs experienced a net decline of 3% in 2018, after theenjoy l

QUALITY OF LIFE 9.1 Overview 9.2 5 Key Elements to Attracting Global Citizens GLOBAL MOBILITY 10.1 Overview 10.2 The Pitfalls of Financial Planning: Factors to Consider When Settling Abroad FINANCIAL FREEDOM IN CLOSING 11. In Closing: Global Trends Shaping the Future in the Face of Uncertainty 11.2 World Citizenship Report Global Rankings