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Surface Flux Related Activities At NOAA NationalClimatic Data CenterHuai-Min Zhang, Lei Shi & Richard W. ReynoldsNOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)Asheville, i-Min.Zhang@noaa.govAcknowledgement: Chris Jeffery, Chris Fairall1NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
OUTLINE NCDC Surface Flux Related Products: SST: Reynolds OI SST daily, global ¼ gridded; 1-10 km is in development Sea Surface Winds: 6-hourly, global ¼ gridded Sea Surface Air Temp & Humidity (poster) Turbulent Air Sea Fluxes Product Service and Evaluation Facility:NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Office & WCRP Surface Flux Analysis (SURFA) Central Archive: NCDC is mandated to archive weather & climate data NOAA Satellites: Stewardship by the CDR office In-Situ: Ocean Reference Stations; Flux Towers; Climate Ref Network NWP Centers - SURFA: ECMWF, German, Japan (JMA), Meteor-France, UK Web based, interactive and dynamic data service, evaluation & monitoring2NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Conceptual END-TO-END PROCESSFrom Data Ingest to Blended Products & ServicesInteractive Data ServicesMarine SurfaceObservationsGlobal Gridded �s National Climatic Data Centerhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/rsadUSERSShown is for 6-hourly seawinds; note the simultaneousTyphoon Talim and HurricaneKatrina ClimateResearch Decisionmaking(observingnetworkdesign &monitoring) Weather &oceanforecasts Ecosystem Marinetransportation Wind/waveenergy Outreach(education)SEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Sea Surface Products: SSTA suite of analyses for diff applications:1. Monthly ERSST: 1854-present, 2 grid–In situ data only; for long-term climate study2. Weekly OI: 1981-present, 1 grid–In situ data AVHRR; for seasonal & ENSO3. Daily OI: 1981-present, 1/4 grid; forprocess studies––In situ data AVHRR (AVHRR-only; 1981 )In situ data AMSR AVHRR (AMSR AVHRR;June 2002 ) Higher resolution (1-10 km) in development
View Point:High Resolutions: ObsSupport & Done Carefully 6 kmDaily SST fields for 1January 2007 In winter warm Gulf Streamis found off shore whilecolder shelf water ispresent between the GulfStream and the coast Note in particular thedifferences near the SouthCarolina Coast (33 , 80 W) Colder shelf water isevident in the AVHRR-only,the AMSR AVHRR5 28 km
Higher Resolution (1-10 km) OI SST:Take the advantage of the complementaryIR and Microwave ObsResolution (km)See Through Cloud?6AVHRR1-5NoMW50Yes
Daily OISST Anomalies 27 August: Katrina– Weak anomaly in Gulf inPath AMSR-E 28 August: Katrina– Strong anomaly in Path AMSR-E 29 August: Katrina– Strong anomaly in Path AMSR-E– Modest anomaly in Path7AVHRR-only OIAMSR AVHRR OI
Higher Resolution (1-10 km) OI SST:Take the advantage of the complementaryIR and Microwave ObsTwo-Stage for High Res SST:8
Two Stages1-10 km IR Daily OI(t-1)Strong DampingFirst Guess (t)Low-Res Product (t-1)Weak DampingFirst Guess (t)Hi-Res Product1/4 AMSR AVHRR Daily OIHi Res Data:IRHi-Res Product (t)Low-Res Product (t)Low ResData: IR,MW, Situ
Sea Surface Products: Surface winds Satellite Retrievals: RSS (NASAPathfinder) 6-hourly & ¼ global sea winds,blended from multiple (up to 6)satellites Blended Winds available fromJuly ’87 onward Climatological monthlies werecomputed for base period 1995 –2005 (with obs of 3 satellites)QuikSCATSSMISSMITMISSMIAMSR-ETypical sea wind speed observingsatellites since June 20021010NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Product Resolution to be Consistent w/ Samplings% Global Data Coverage for Various Time ResolutionsSpatial coverage (% of 0.25 ocean boxes) with YellowOnspatialGlobal0.25º, 75% in timeshading indicates 90%coverage.Time period&satellitesJUL1987 IF08JAN1991 IIF10, F11JUN1995 IIIF10, F11, F13JAN1998 IVF11,F13, F14TMIJAN2000 VF13, F14, F15TMI, QSCATTimeResolutionJUN2002 VIF13, F14, F15TMI, 010024-hourly(daily)7510010010010010011NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Global Patterns: 1995 – 2005 mean – Scalar vs Vector means1212NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
“The Good, the bad, and the Ugly”: Wind SpikesMax Wind 30 m/s13NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterMax Rain 10 mm/hrSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Sea Surface Products: Air Temp & Humidity Retrievals using neural network technique, fromAMSU measurements on NOAA POES Training dataset are constructed from co-locatedglobal buoy and ship measurements (ICOADS) Special QC by FSU (Shawn Smith) Ta Predictor: AMSU-A channels 1-4 and 15 Qa Predictor: AMSU-A channels 1-4 and AMSU-Bchannels 1, 2, and 514NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Ta & Qa Retrievals:Validation Validation dataset: Collocated global buoy and ship data that are notused in training dataset Global and All-Season RMSE: Qa 1.22 g/kg Ta 2.10 C15NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Ta & Qa Retrievals:Validation Validation dataset: Collocated global buoy and ship data that are notused in training dataset Global and All-Season RMSE: Qa 1.22 g/kg Ta 2.10 C 161.6 C w/R/V data; 1.0 C w/ SST constraintsNOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Flux ComparisonsSensible Heat fluxes Upper Panel: NCDC BlendedSeawinds, NCDC Ta & Qa, NCDCDaily OI SST Mid Panel: NCDC BlendedSeawinds, NCDC Ta & Qa, RSSMISST Lower Panel: WHOI OAfluxCourtesy: Chris Jeffery, NOAANODC17NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Flux ComparisonsTa: WHOI - NCDC18NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterCourtesy: Chris Jeffery, NOAANODCSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
Wind: OAflux - NCDCQa: OAflux - NCDCTa: OAflux - NCDC19NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterCourtesy: Chris Jeffery, NOAANODCSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
is Driver: Surface processes are key in improving NWP &climate model forecast skills Objective: SURFA is to institutionalize the evaluation ofnear real-time NWP (& Climate Model & Reanalysis)fluxes and related fields with high quality reference data Initiation: WCRP WGSF, WGNE, OOPC Status:– NCDC as central archive & service– Documents: NWP archive specifications; SubmissionAgreements– Current Participation: NWP Centers: ECMWF, German DWD, Japan (JMA), Meteor-France, UK In-Situ: Ocean Reference Stations, Flux Towers, Climate Reference Network– Data available from NCDC: A’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17 -19,Boulder, CO
SPEC: Satellite Product EvaluationCenter (NCDC – ORNL) Provide a uniform approach (Common Data Model-based)for the extraction of grid/swath from point, line,polygon and trajectory data, and therefore maximizereusability Provide a large, high-performance cache ofsatellite/model data for select locations. Provide a desktop or command-line tool for: Co-locations/matchups of your data. Integration of your data with the SPEC databasecache. Statistical analysis and export to mutilple formats. Monitoring and automated alerts.21NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
LandFlux Example22NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
LandFlux Example23NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
SURFA ExampleComparisons of SSTand Air Temp for Oct2008:ECMWF – green;DWD – blue;Buoy – red dots.24NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterChrisSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, COFairall
SUMMARY NCDC Surface Flux Related Products: SST: Reynolds OI SST daily, global ¼ gridded; 1-10 km is in development Sea Surface Winds: 6-hourly, global ¼ gridded Sea Surface Air Temp & Humidity (poster) Turbulent Air Sea Fluxes Product Service and Evaluation Facility:WCRP Surface Flux Analysis (SURFA) & NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Office Central Archive: NCDC is mandated to archive weather & climate data NOAA Satellites: Stewardship by the CDR office In-Situ: Ocean Reference Stations; Flux Towers; Climate Ref Network NWP Centers - SURFA: ECMWF, German, Japan (JMA), Meteor-France, UK Web based, interactive and dynamic data service, evaluation & .html25NOAA’s National Climatic Data CenterSEAFLUX 2010March 17-19Boulder, CO
NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Office & WCRP Surface Flux Analysis (SURFA) Central Archive: NCDC is mandated to archive weather & climate data NOAA Satellites: Stewardship by the CDR office In-Situ: Ocean Reference Stations; Flux Towers; Climate Ref Network NWP Centers - SURFA: ECMWF, German, Japan (JMA), Meteor-France, UK
