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Text StructureCircle the firsthighlighted word onthis page and underlineits definition. Then usethe highlighted word in anew sentence.MarkTexttheIn the early 1500s, everyone left the city. No oneknows why. Perhaps people died or left because ofsmallpox, a deadly disease that was brought to theAmericas by European explorers and colonists.Machu Picchu was forgotten for hundreds of years.Then, in 1911, the American explorer HiramBingham rediscovered it. Today, tourists from allover the world visit this unique city.Reading Strategy: PreviewDraw a box around theheading on this page.Then add some wordsto the heading to turnit into a question.MarkTexttheComprehension CheckUnderline the sentencethat tells whenMarktheStonehenge was built.TextWhy do you thinkresearchers don’t know exactly whobuilt this monument?Stonehenge is a mysterious monument ofhuge stones in England. Ancient peoples builtStonehenge about 5,000 years ago. No one reallyknows who these people were or why they built thisstrange circle of rocks.Some people believe that Stonehenge was atemple to the sun. Other people believe thatStonehenge was a great stone calendar or calculator.They think that the stones were arranged tomeasure the sun’s movements. For example, thestones may have been used to measure the summerand winter solstices—the longest and shortest daysof the year. Perhaps Stonehenge was created tomark the rise of the sun and moon throughout thecenturies. How will we ever know for sure?colonists, people who settle in a new country or areamonument, something that is built to help people toremember an important person or eventtemple, holy buildingcalculator, instrument used to figure out mathematicalproblemsCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Stonehenge4M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 43/2/10 1:18:12 PM

Island of GiantsEaster Island is a tiny island in the Pacific Ocean,3,620 kilometers (2,250 mi.) off the coast of Chile.It was named by Dutch explorers who arrived thereon Easter Sunday, 1722. The island is covered withnearly 900 large statues, called “moai.” Scientistsbelieve the statues are the gods of the ancientpeople of Easter Island—the Rapa Nui people. Butno one knows for sure. Another mystery is how theRapa Nui people moved the heavy stones as far as23 kilometers (14 mi.).Archaeologists have found wooden tablets withthe ancient language of the Rapa Nui people onthem. No one knows how to read this languagetoday. So the history of the Rapa Nui people is stilla puzzle. Only the great stone statues remain towatch over the island.Reading Strategy: PreviewPreviewing can helpyou guess the mainMarkthesubject of a text. CircleTextthe heading on thispage. What do you think this sectionmight be about?Text StructureSocial studies includesgeography, which isMarkthethe study of placesTextaround the world.Underline the sentence that tells whoarrived on Easter Island in the 1700s.Where is the island located?Easter Sunday, a special Sunday in March or April whenChristians remember Christ’s death and his return to lifeCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Comprehension CheckUnderline the sentencethat tells whatarchaeologists havefound on the island.Who were the Rapa Nui?MarkTextthe5M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 53/2/10 1:18:13 PM

Curse of the PharaohDraw a box around theheading on this page.Then add some wordsto the heading to turnit into a question.MarkTexttheText StructureSocial studies articlesoften include importantMarkthedates. Underline theTextsentence that tellswhat happened in 1922. Who wasTutankhamen?Comprehension CheckCircle the number ofpeople who died soonMarktheafter the tomb wasTextopened. Do you believein the curse of the pharaoh? Why orwhy not?Tutankhamen was a pharaoh in ancientEgypt from 1333 to 1324 b.c .e. When he died,Tutankhamen was buried in a tomb with gold andother treasures.In 1922, a group led by British archaeologistsHoward Carter and Lord Carnarvon openedthe tomb of Tutankhamen. They found manytreasures, including a beautiful gold mask. Somepeople believed that a message carved in thetomb wall said, “Death will slay with his wingswhoever disturbs the peace of the pharaoh.” LordCarnarvon died soon after opening the tomb.According to one story, Carnarvon’s dog died atthe same time at his home in England. Then, fivemonths after Carnarvon died, his younger brotherdied suddenly.According to one report, six of the twenty-sixpeople at the opening of Tutankhamen’s tomb diedwithin ten years. However, many other people whowere there when the tomb was opened lived to bevery old. Was there really a curse? What do youthink?message, information that is communicated in words orsignalsslay, killcurse, wish that something bad would happen to someoneCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Reading Strategy: Preview6M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 63/2/10 1:18:13 PM

Terrifying TentaclesScientists say that we know more about Marsthan we do about the mysteries at the bottomof the ocean. For instance, little is known aboutgiant octopuses and squid. These sea creatures areusually only about 60 to 90 centimeters (2–3 ft.)long. However, there have been reports of giantoctopuses and squid with tentacles long enough topull a ship underwater. In 1753, a man in Norwaydescribed a huge sea monster “full of arms.” Theman said that the monster looked big enough tocrush a large ship. More recently, giant squid havebeen discovered with tentacles 10 meters (33 ft.)long. Imagine eating calamari rings the size oftruck tires!Scary MonstersCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Most people believe that dinosaurs disappearedmillions of years ago. However, a few dinosaursmay have survived. The famous Loch Ness monstermay be a living dinosaur-like reptile called aplesiosaur.tentacles, long, thin arm-like partscalamari rings, sliced squid, often served fried or in a saladreptile, type of animal, such as a snake or lizard, whoseblood changes temperature according to the temperaturearound itComprehension CheckUnderline the sentencethat compares ourMarktheunderstanding of MarsTextto what we know aboutthe bottom of the ocean. Why do youthink scientists don’t know very muchabout the bottom of the ocean?Text StructureCircle the firsthighlighted term onthis page. Look at itsdefinition. Then use theword in a new sentence.MarkTexttheComprehension CheckCircle the sentencethat tells what the LochNess Monster mightbe. How long ago diddinosaurs disappear?MarkTextthe7M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 711/5/10 8:35:30 AM

Text StructureSocial studiesarticles often includeMarktheimportant dates. CircleTextthe passage that tellswhat happened in April 1933. Whathappened, and where did this eventoccur?People first reported seeing the Loch Nessmonster in April 1933 when a new road was builton the north shore of Loch Ness, a lake in Scotland.A man and woman saw a huge creature with twoblack humps swimming across the lake. Then twomore people saw a strange animal crossing theroad with a sheep in its mouth. There is now aLoch Ness Investigation Bureau, but most scientistsbelieve that the Loch Ness monster is a creature offantasy.Bigfoot and the YetiReading Strategy: PreviewDraw a box around theheading on this page.What do you think thissection will be about?MarkTexttheIn various parts of the world, people have toldstories about seeing large ape-like creatures.Different cultures give the creature differentnames. In the United States, for example, thiscreature is called Bigfoot or Sasquatch. In Tibet, itis called the yeti.humps, raised parts on the back of an animalvarious, differentCircle the namesof all the creaturesMarktheTextmentioned in the lastparagraph on thispage. What do the creatures have incommon?Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Comprehension Check8M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 83/2/10 1:18:14 PM

The first reports of Bigfoot date back to 1811.At that time, a man reported seeing footprints 36centimeters (14 in.) long. In 1924, another manclaimed that Bigfoot had kidnapped him. Eachyear many people in the United States claim to seeBigfoot. They often report seeing the creature inthe forests of the Northwest.Reports of a huge creature frightened the firstEuropean travelers in Tibet. (In Tibet, the wordyeti means “man-like creature.”) In 1951, a MountEverest explorer found giant footprints in the snow.Do creatures like the yeti and Bigfoot really exist,or are they figments of the imagination? BernardHeuvelmans (1916–2001), a famous zoologist,believed that the world is full of creatures stillunknown to science. What do you think?Reading Strategy: PreviewRemember that youshould preview a textMarkthebefore you begin toTextread. Underline the firstsentence on this page. What do youthink this section will be about?Text StructureSocial studies articlesoften define or explainMarkthekey terms withinTextthe text. Circle thedefinition of yeti. Use this definitionto describe what the yeti’s footprintsprobably looked like.figments of the imagination, things imagined to be real thatdo not existzoologist, scientist who studies animalsCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Comprehension CheckUnderline the sentencethat tells who BernardMarktheHeuvelmans was. WhatTextdo you think he wouldsay about the existence of Bigfoot?Choose one and complete:1. Draw a picture showing what one of the mysterycreatures described in the text might look like.2. Use reliable sources at the library or on theInternet to find out about another great mystery.Write a one-page report on what you find.3. Work with a group of classmates to write andperform a short play about researchers workingto solve one of the mysteries discussed in thereading.9M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 93/2/10 1:18:15 PM

READING WRAP-UPRetell It!Choose four mysteries from the reading. Write a riddle about each one. Here’s anexample: I am a mysterious monument of stones in England. What am I? (Stonehenge)Reader’s ResponseThink About the SkillHow did previewing help you to better understand the article?Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc.What mystery did you find the most interesting? Why?10M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 103/2/10 1:18:16 PM

EDITFORMEANINGReadYou have read “Fact or Fiction?” Now read one paragraph from it again.Island of GiantsCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Archaeologists have found wooden tablets with the ancient languageof the Rapa Nui people on them. No one knows how to read thislanguage today. So the history of the Rapa Nui people is still a puzzle.Only the great stone statues remain to watch over the island.11M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 113/2/10 1:18:16 PM

Fix the ErrorEach paragraph below contains the same information as the paragraph you just read.However, each paragraph contains one error. First, find the error. Then fix it by editingthe sentence so that the information is correct.1. Find and fix the error.Island of GiantsToday, Easter Island is bare except for the giant statues that stare outover the island. Archaeologists know little about the history of the RapaNui people. They have found wooden tablets written in the ancientlanguage of the Rapa Nui. Many people still speak this language today.2. Find and fix the error.Island of GiantsCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.The history of the Rapa Nui people is well known to scientists.Archaeologists have found pieces of wood with the ancient languageof the Rapa Nui people written on them, but no one understands thislanguage. Now, Easter Island is quiet. Only the huge stone statues standguard on the island.12M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 123/2/10 1:18:17 PM

FOCUSONDETAILSWord Search PuzzleTo complete this word search puzzle, you’ll need to remember or search for details inthe reading. Write the word from the text next to each clue. Then circle the answers inthe puzzle below.1. pyramids2.Huge statue with the head of a man and the body of a lion3.City in Peru that was abandoned in the early 1500s4.Stone monument in England5.Small island with giant carved statues6.Pharaoh whose tomb may have been cursed7.Real creature with tentacles 10 meters long8.Possible dinosaur-like reptile in Scotland9.Apelike creature from Tibet10.Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Ancient tombs built in EgyptAnother name for Bigfoot in the United StatesKTHCSLXPADNNQSLI M A C HE T I H VV J U T DX M A T CA S Q U AG Y B Y LN L O P LY R A M IN L Z N RK V N B EI H X N TO X H D SF C H X BO L W J EE A S T EUHODTNPDSJKTYJRP I CE IIR B JI C CC H NE S OK M MS H LJ D AB B BP L NO N EU D QP K ZI S LCDSSNRUCQMYHZTAHMDSPHINXOEEDBNU O RS E GT D IN I AQ U NL A TQ W SK T QT T UD X IT I DN G EI X AR P HD N X13M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 133/2/10 1:18:17 PM

READFORFLUENCY1. Silently read the text below. Make sure you understand the point that each sentenceis making.2. Underline the word or words in each sentence that are most important. When youread, you should say these underlined words with expression.3. Look again at the punctuation in the paragraphs. Remember that when a sentenceends in a period, you should read the words as a statement and take a breath beforebeginning a new sentence. When you see a comma, you should pause briefly. Whenyou see an exclamation mark, you should sound excited. When you see a questionmark, you should read as though you are asking a question.4. Now read the paragraphs below out loud. Pay attention to the important words andpunctuation as you read.5. Write down any words that slowed you down. Practice saying these words out loud.6. Read the text below out loud two more times. You may want to ask a friend or familymember to listen to you and tell you their reactions to your reading.Scientists say that we know more about Mars than we do about themysteries at the bottom of the ocean. For instance, little is known aboutgiant octopuses and squid. These sea creatures are usually only about60 to 90 centimeters (2–3 ft.) long. However, there have been reportsof giant octopuses and squid with tentacles long enough to pull a shipunderwater. In 1753, a man in Norway described a huge sea monster“full of arms.” The man said that the monster looked big enough tocrush a large ship. More recently, giant squid have been discovered withtentacles 10 meters (33 ft.) long. Imagine eating calamari rings the sizeof truck tires!Copyright by Pearson Education, Inc.Terrifying Tentacles14M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 143/2/10 1:18:18 PM

Can all mysteries be solved?From G Is for GoogolSUMMARYUse with textbook pages 40–43.These two sections from G Is for Googol describe an unusual number sequence that isfound in nature, art, architecture, music, and poetry. “F Is for Fibonacci” tells aboutthe Italian mathematician named Fibonacci who discovered the mysterious numbersequence in the 1200s. The first 12 numbers in the series are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,34, 55, 89, and 144. When you add one number to the next, you get the followingnumber in the sequence. “N Is for Nature” explains how to find the Fibonacci sequencein pinecones and other natural objects, including sunflower seeds, pineapples, andartichokes.Visual SummaryCopyright by Pearson Education, Inc.G Is for GoogolWho was Fibonacci?An Italian mathematician in the 1200sWrote a book about numbersWanted Europeans to use ArabicnumbersDiscovered this mysterious numbersequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, on to infinityAdd one number to the next and youget the next number in the sequenceWhere are Fibonacci numbersfound?Throughout natureCount the number of petals in flowersCount the number of spirals inpineconesCount the number of spirals formedby a sunflower’s seedsCount the number of spirals formedby the diamond-shaped markings ona pineapple15M01 KS REAC L06TX 8596 U01.indd 153/2/10 1:18:18 PM

List three ways you use numbers inyour daily life.1.2.3.Text StructureScience articles ofteninclude the dates orMarkthetime periods in whichTextfamous discoveries oradvances were made. Underline thetime period that appears on this page.What happen

The Secret of the Great Sphinx A huge statue with the head of a man and the body of a lion stands in Giza, Egypt. Known as the Great Sphinx, it seems to defend the pyramids behind it. Like the pyramids, the Sphinx is made from limestone, which is very common in Egypt. The exact age of the Sphinx remains one of the world's great mysteries.