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ACTIVITYBOOKChange the futureof migration
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Change the future of migration.Invest in food security and rural developmentAbout FAOWe are the Zero Hunger GenerationA world free from hunger and poverty is at the heartof our work. The Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations (FAO) works with governments,companies, farmers, other organizations, and individualsto reach #ZeroHunger. A large part of our work iscarried out in rural areas (the countryside), in placeswhere most of the world’s poor and hungry live.Although our headquarters is in Rome, Italy, we haveoffices in over 130 countries all over the world.Over 800 million people go to bed hungry every night.That’s about 1 in 9 people. We produce enough foodto feed everyone on our planet, but for many differentreasons, people still suffer from hunger. In 2015, 193countries committed to the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals SGDs to help us to create a better world for alland end hunger by 2030. But world leaders can’t do italone. Achieving the 17 SDGs is everyone’s responsibility,from farmers to companies, schools to universities, andfrom international organisations to YOU.Change the future of migrationDid you know that 1 out of every 7 people on the planetwas a migrant in 2017? In the last few years, there hasbeen a huge increase in the number of people migratingaround the world. Most migrants are quite young –about one-third of them are between the ages of 15–34.Why are people migrating today and how can we givethem the choice to stay at home, if it’s safe to do so?This Activity Book on migration has packed somecreative answers to these questions in a series ofsuitcases illustrated by Lorenzo Terranera. SuitcasesEvery year we celebrate World Food Day on 16 Octoberopen to show how FAO is helping to give people moreto remember the birth of FAO in 1945 and call on people Let’s work together. Let’s become the first generation to choices to stay at home, and how the global goal toto join the fight against hunger and to make suremake hunger vanish from the planet – the Zero Hunger reach Zero Hunger is connected to migration.that we all have enough nutritious food to lead healthyGeneration. We all have a role to play in ending hunger,and active lives. The theme for World Food Day 2017so keep reading to find out how YOU can be part of theThis book is about migration and migrants. Whether youwas “Change the future of migration. Invest in foodZero Hunger Generation!are a migrant yourself, know a migrant, or are related tosecurity and rural development.”a migrant, migration is an issue that affects us all.3
What is migration?Migration is the movement of people, includingchildren, within a country or across an internationalborder. Migrants can be divided into 2 main categories:international migrants, who cross country borders; andinternal migrants, who move within the country wherethey were born (from a rural area to a city for example).The estimated number of international migrants in theworld is 258 million, while around 760 million peoplemove within their own nation. There may be moreinternal than international migrants, but movingto a town or city is often the first step before crossinginternational borders. Migration has always existed. It ispart of the growth and change of a country, with peoplelooking for better jobs and lives in their home countryand beyond it too. So why is migration such a bigchallenge today?Challenges and benefitsMigration is a challenge today partly because peopleare arriving in countries or towns in huge groups,often seeking protection. Many international migrantsarrive in developing countries that have less money,food, job opportunities and natural resources to sharewith newcomers. Having to share these resourcesamong more people can sometimes create problemsor tensions. Rural communities can also suffer from theloss of young workers who migrate, often meaning thatless food is produced or available. Similar challenges arefaced with internal migration.On the other hand, migrants can bring new skills,knowledge and cultures to their host countriesand contribute to economic growth provided they aregiven access to more and better jobs. They can increasethe workforce in communities where there aren’tenough people to do all the work and also free up jobsfor young people in the country they leave. Once theysettle down, they often invest in their host communityor support their home country by sending money.4Why is migration often the onlychoice?Sometimes people move because they want a newstart, a new job, to study or to be reunited with family.But sometimes people are forced to migrate becauseof life threatening events including fighting and waror natural disasters that destroy their homes likeearthquakes or tsunamis. Often migration can be theonly option to improve people’s lives when faced withpoverty and hunger, no jobs, no support from thegovernment, limited natural resources (like water orhealthy soils), or climate change impacts.Read through the next pages to find out more aboutthese challenges and how FAO is working with countriesto help people to stay at home when it is safe to do so,or build a new life after a natural disaster or conflict.
HUNGER AND POVERTYCLIMATE CHANGECONFLICT5
HUNGER AND POVERTYDid you know that there are 2.1 billion poor peopleand over 800 million hungry people worldwide, andthat most of the world’s hungry live in rural areas?What do you think poor and hungry people in thecountryside do when they realize that they can’t buy orgrow enough food for themselves and their families?Many of them move to towns or cities in search of abetter life, hoping to find work so that they can sendmoney back home to feed their families.Some people remain in rural areas because they arefarmers and have always worked their land, but theycan barely grow enough food to feed themselves andtheir families, and they certainly don’t grow enough tosell in markets. They may not even have access to banksso that they can take a loan to start a new activity thatcan bring in money for their family. This is especiallytrue for women and young people. Others may growenough food to sell, but don’t have a market nearby, orcan’t get to their market easily, so this extra might goto waste. Many farmers don’t have any money savedfor emergencies and their governments don’t have asystem in place to help them, so when something badhappens (like crops failing, a drought, or livestock dying),they are more likely to go to bed hungry or feel thatthey have no choice but to leave their land in search offood or work.6
HOW IS FAO HELPING?FAO is working to make sure that people have the choiceto stay at home, if it is safe to do so, by lifting them outof hunger and poverty. By giving farmers the righttools and teaching them how to produce more,these farmers can grow extra food to sell on the marketand earn money. Children and young people in ruralareas can learn about farming, how to solve problemsand look after themselves by going to Junior FarmerField and Life Schools (JFFLS) organized by FAO.FAO is working with countries to fix or build roads thatlead to markets so that famers can get to them to selltheir extra produce. Another way FAO is helping peoplein rural areas is by encouraging countries to involvemore young people in agricultural work by providingtraining and access to money to help them startother profitable rural activities. These includevegetable gardens, processing and packaging foodssuch as jam, chicken farming, or producing and sellingtraditional textiles. If people decide to migrate, we workto ensure that they know about opportunities and theirrights as migrants and workers in their host countries.FAO also helps migrants use the money they earnabroad to support their communities of origin. Sincesome migration will always happen, FAO also works withgovernments and partners to ensure that it is safe,orderly and regular.Now it’s your turn to help us. Colour the whitesections to complete the picture.7
CLIMATE CHANGEIf you read our Activity Book ”Climate is changing. Foodand agriculture must too.”, you might remember thatclimate change is affecting the health of our planet andchanging our world, in part by causing more naturaldisasters and severe weather events. When a naturaldisaster strikes, did you know that people often haveto leave their homes for other areas, towns or cities?In 2015, more than 19 million people had to moveafter surviving a natural disaster. In our ActivityBook on climate change, we taught you that the peoplewho suffer most during and after a natural disasterare poor farmers, fishermen, pastoralists and forestdwellers.If these people are lucky enough to avoid a naturaldisaster, they may still have to leave their homesbecause they can’t grow enough food anymore.Climate change and rising temperatures can changethe environment so much that where once a farmercould grow food, seedlings no longer survive, or grassno longer grows for animals to eat. It can turn healthysoil into unhealthy, dry and infertile soil, which meansthat people can no longer work, and there is less foodproduced. This means that the people who used towork the land are more likely to become poor andhungry because they can’t produce food to eat or sell.8
HOW IS FAO HELPING?One way to make sure that both people and their landsare better able to recover from the shocks of climatechange and natural disasters is to help to prepare forthem where possible. It is important to protect ourlands, and FAO helps farmers to do this by teachingthem about Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). CSA meansworking land and growing food in sustainable waysthat don’t damage or strip it of precious nutrients andlimiting the greenhouse gasses produced. CSA helpsfarmers to grow more food on the same amount ofland, often using even less water, which means that thefarmers can earn more money. It means that farmersand land can prepare for disasters like droughts.FAO is also teaching farmers to use seeds that are moreresistant to drought and disease, to breed livestockthat are used to hotter temperatures, create stormproof ponds and cages for fish, and plant trees thatare heat and drought tolerant. When natural disasterscan’t be prevented, FAO helps farmers to get backon their feet or return home after a short periodaway, by supplying seeds and tools to begin plantingagain, providing easy-to-grow, and nutritious crops. FAOworks with partners to set up monitoring systems totry to limit the effects of crises. These are called earlywarning systems, which are alerts that tell people andgovernments when to prepare for a disaster so thatfewer lives, money and resources are lost.Now it’s your turn to help us. Colour the whitesections to complete the picture.9
CONFLICTDid you know that over 65 million people wereforced to leave their homes because of conflictin 2015? People are still leaving their homes todaybecause of ongoing conflicts. Many come from ruralfamilies – farmers, herders, pastoralists, and fishermen.They are often already at risk of going hungry or fallinginto poverty. In fear of their lives, they flee their homes.They see no end to the fighting and have lost, or risklosing, everything. People who move to a different partof their own country are called Internally DisplacedPersons (IDPs), while those who leave their owncountry are termed refugees. Most IDPs and refugeeslive in developing countries. This is a challenge fordeveloping countries who may already be struggling tosupport their own populations.Hunger, ineffective and weak governments, livestockmovements, sharing limited natural resources(especially water and land), and climate change impactscan all lead to conflicts between local farmers, orbetween locals and displaced people.It is also worth remembering that not everyone can, orwants to, flee. Did you know that in most conflictsover 80% of rural people remain behind? Farmersdon’t want to abandon their land or animals. Even if it isvery hard to reach them, people that stay behind alsoneed help to survive.10
HOW IS FAO HELPING?Although FAO cannot stop wars and conflict, we canhelp host countries and communities, the people thatflee conflict, people remaining in conflict areas, andcountries affected by conflict to recover. FAO supportspeople in crisis and, once war has ended, helps farmersto get back on their feet to produce food again. Weprovide emergency assistance through cashtransfers, crop seeds, like quick growing and nutritiousvegetables, livestock and basic tools. FAO is working insome of the worst war-torn countries including Syria,where we are helping farmers to produce food, and inYemen, by helping IDPs and their host communities tostart rural activities and make money.We help those who have fled due to conflict tosettle into their new homes, and give support tothe communities hosting new groups of people. It isimportant to remember that refugees and IDPs deserveprotection, respect, safety and dignity, and we all needto stand together against acts of discrimination.FAO can also help to prevent and reducetensions that might lead to conflict. We work withcommunities to better manage their natural resources,encouraging farmers to solve arguments over livestockor natural resources in a peaceful way throughdiscussion and negotiation.Now it’s your turn to help us. Colour the whitesections to complete the picture.11
Take a closer look1312This drawing is from page , which talks aboutFind out which page each of the drawings belowbelongs to. Then complete the sentences to the right ofeach image.2This drawing is from page , which talks aboutThis drawing showsThis drawing showsIt is important because:It is important because:This drawing is from page , which talks about4This drawing is from page , which talks aboutThis drawing showsThis drawing showsIt is important because:It is important because:
Now it’s your turnYou’ve read all about the causes of migration and howFAO is helping. Now we want to see YOUR ideas! In thesuitcase below, show us how we can give people choicesto stay at home, if it’s safe to do so.Scan or take a photo of your poster and post it onInstagram with the hashtag #ZeroHunger.Remember to also tag @FAO.13
17 Goals for aZERO HUNGERGenerationHow old will you be in 2030? Did you know that 193countries have agreed to end hunger and create abetter world for all by then? They plan to do this bycompleting 17 goals, the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (SDGs). These goals are everyone’shomework until 2030 and they belong to us all,whether we are from the developing or developedworld. The only way we can achieve them is ifwe work together.How does FAO contributeto the SDGs?FAO’s work contributes to many of the SDGs but ourmain focus is SDG2: Zero Hunger. And we can’tachieve Zero Hunger without tackling many of theissues that cause people to migrate. It is possible tofeed our growing population and help them rise outof poverty without threatening the health of ourplanet for future generations.14Migration CAN contributeto achieving the SDGsWhat can you do?If governments learn to manage migration better, andto stop and prevent conflicts, it can lead to economicgrowth and bring us closer to achieving the SustainableDevelopment Goals. Safe, orderly and regularmigration can contribute to development, ifmigrants are able to find a job, learn the local languageor receive training to acquire new skills.You can try to encourage governments to addressclimate change, and work towards solving long-termconflicts that are forcing people to flee from theirhomes. You can also convince governments to givepeople alternatives to migration, where possible, byproviding new and better work opportunities at home.Migrants can also contribute to growth in their countryof origin by sending money back to their families, whichcan improve food security and rural people’s lives. Ifmigrants are able to go home when conflict has ended,they can bring new skills they learnt while they wereaway, back to their community. In addition, addressingthe root causes of migration – climate change, povertyand hunger, conflict – helps us to reach our ultimategoal: Zero Hunger. Achieving the SDGs meansinvolving all people, including migrants!By changing some simple everyday habits that havean effect on our climate, for example by wasting lessfood, saving water and recycling, we can become theZero Hunger Generation – the first generation tomake hunger vanish from the planet. Have a look at ourClimate Actions in the Activity Book on ClimateChange to find out more:bit.ly/WFDBOOK16 EN.
NOPOVERTYZEROHUNGERAFFORDABLE ANDCLEAN ENERGYDECENT WORK ANDECONOMIC GROWTHCLIMATEACTIONLIFEBELOW WATERGOOD HEALTHAND WELL-BEINGQUALITYEDUCATIONINDUSTRY, INNOVATIONAND INFRASTRUCTURELIFEON LANDPEACE, JUSTICEAND STRONGINSTITUTIONSGENDEREQUALITYCLEAN WATERAND SANITATIONSUSTAINABLE CITIESAND COMMUNITIESRESPONSIBLECONSUMPTIONAND PRODUCTIONPARTNERSHIPSFOR THE GOALS15
The importanceof choiceDeciding to stay at home, or to leavehome when it’s safe to do so, shouldalways be a choice for everyone. FAOis working to give people choices. Thismeans investing in people’s abilities anddreams and lifting them out of povertyand hunger. But some people chooseto go and find ways to contribute totheir new home or country of origin.Migration Champions are doing theirpart to achieve the SDGs. They comein all shapes, ages, colours and sizes;what counts is that they stand up forothers and help to make our planeta better place.Have a lookat some ofour favouriteMigrationChampions, bethey young orold, from the pastor the present,individuals ororganisations.Many ofthem are alsoZero HungerHeroes, activelyfighting hungeraround the world.Can you thinkof any others?16
Shakira MebarakShakira started her singingcareer in Colombia beforebecoming an internationalstar and moving to Spain.Shakira is a MigrationChampion because shefounded the Pies DescalzosFoundation, which provideseducation and meals to 4,000Colombian children. She isalso an active advocate forchildren’s rights all over theworld.Self Employed Women’sAssociation (SEWA)SEWA has lifted over 2 millionwomen out of poverty in Asia.They work with FAO to helpwomen and young people inAfrica too. They create jobs,spread knowledge, offerhealth services and provideeducation to give peoplea better future. SEWA is aMigration Champion becausethey are giving millions ofpeople the choice to stay athome when it’s safe to do so.Grameen BankThe Grameen bank inBangladesh provides poorpeople with access to moneyto start profitable activities.The founders were awardedthe Nobel Peace Prize in 2006for their groundbreakingwork. Grameen bank is aMigration Champion becauseit is giving people newopportunities, lifting them outof hunger and poverty.Yusra MardiniWhen fleeing home duringthe Syrian civil war, Yusra andher sister pushed a sinkingboat for over 3 hours until itreached Greece. Yusra is aMigration Champion becauseshe helped to save the livesof 18 other refugees. She alsoswam in the 2016 SummerOlympics in Rio as part ofthe Refugee Olympic Teamand today, she continuesto advocate for refugeeseverywhere.Albert EinsteinEinstein fled Germany forthe USA because of the riseof the Nazi party shortlybefore World War 2. Hereceived the Nobel Prizefor his revolutionary workin physics. Einstein is aMigration Champion becausehe worked tirelessly to savethe lives of German Jews byhelping them to escape theircountry and settle into theirnew community.Migrant money-sendersWhen people leave home andstart a life in a new country,they are sometimes ableto send money to family orfriends who stayed behind.When migrants send moneyhome, they are sending whatwe call cash remittances.In 2015, migrants sent over 600 billion in remittances totheir countries of birth. Theyare Migration Championsbecause they help their oldand new countries to growand develop.17
The heart of the matterNow that you have finished reading about some of the causes ofmigration and how FAO is helping, you can answer the followingquestions.1. What are the 2 main types of migration?2. Do more people move within countries or acrossinternational borders?3. List the main causes of migration explored in this book.4. Out of everything FAO does to help migrants, what do you thinkis most important?Look at the two pictures to the right. What differences do younotice?Addressing the main causes of migration – climate change, conflict,poverty and hunger – will help us to reach our ultimate goal: ZeroHunger. It is important to remember that if we work to makemigration safe, orderly and regular, countries can gain wealth, andfood security and rural peoples’ lives can be improved. Migrants, ofall types, can also help countries to make our world a better placeif they are quickly welcomed into their new countries and able towork.Look around your classroom and at the people in your life. Are youor any of them migrants? Think about how your life or classroomwould be different without migrants. Think about the good thingsmigrants bring to your life, and the challenges they have faced.Remember that migrants everywhere deserve protection,respect, safety and dignity.18
Name:Age:4. And finally, read the declaration under your picture,write your name in the blank space and sign on theline at the bottom of the page.Surname:3. Draw a picture of yourself or glue a photo in the boxprovided.2. Fill in the details on the inner left page.School:1. Carefully tear out the passport on the right.Follow the steps below to complete your Zero HungerPassport:As a Zero Hunger Citizen, I commit to spreading theword and doing my part to end hunger.Sign on the line aboveRemember to fold your passport down the middleIf you need some inspiration for things you can do tohelp create a Zero Hunger World, look at our climateactions, available .Country:Now that you have completed the Activity Book, we wantyou to become a Zero Hunger Citizen by doing your partand helping us to achieve our goal by 2030.INSTRUCTIONS
to a Zero Hunger WorldPASSPORTActivity Book SeriesYou can download the FAO Activity Book Series on our “Building the #ZeroHungerGeneration” portal together with a range of material to support educators andparents in the preparation of activities or classes on important global issues at thecore of FAO’s work: www.fao.org/building-the-zerohunger-generation Your guide to FAO Working for ZeroHunger Climate is changingFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONOF THE UNITED NATIONSwww.fao.org#ZeroHungerViale delle Terme di Caracalla00153 Rome, ItalyDate / /With your actions, this passport will be validfor a Zero Hunger World by 2030.Contact us:world-food-day@fao.orgwww.fao.orgISBN 978-92-5-130509-697 8 9 2 5 13 0 5 0 9 6I9192EN/1/04.18
This Activity Book on migration has packed some creative answers to these questions in a series of suitcases illustrated by Lorenzo Terranera. Suitcases open to show how FAO is helping to give people more choices to stay at home, and how the global goal to reach Zero Hunger is connected to migration. This book is about migration and migrants.
