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In its 30th year, The Global Competitiveness Report is published against the backdrop ofthe deepest global economic slowdown in generations. Policymakers find themselvesSchwabstruggling to manage new challenges while preparing their economies to perform well ina future characterized by high uncertainty.In such a difficult economic environment, it is more important than ever for countriesto put into place the fundamentals underpinning growth and development. The GlobalCompetitiveness Report series has, for the past three decades, facilitated this processThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011by providing detailed analysis of the productive potential of nations worldwide. TheReport offers policymakers, business executives, and academics as well as the publicat large one of the world’s most respected assessments of national competitiveness,thus providing invaluable insights into the policies, institutions, and factors that enablerobust economic development and long-term prosperity.Produced in collaboration with leading academics and a global network of Partner Institutes,The Global Competitiveness Report 2009–2010 offers users a unique dataset on a broadarray of competitiveness indicators for 133 economies, which together account for morethan 98 percent of the world’s GDP. The data used in the Report come from leadinginternational sources as well as from the World Economic Forum’s annual ExecutiveOpinion Survey, which provides a distinctive source capturing the perceptions of severalthousand business leaders on topics related to national competitiveness.This year’s edition presents the rankings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI),developed by Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin and originally introduced in 2004. The GCIis based on 12 pillars of competitiveness, providing a comprehensive picture of thecompetitiveness landscape in countries around the world at different stages of economicdevelopment. The Report also contains detailed profiles highlighting competitive strengthsand weaknesses for each of the 133 economies featured, as well as an extensivesection of data tables displaying relative rankings for more than 100 variables.The GlobalCompetitiveness Report2010–2011Klaus Schwab, World Economic ForumCover design: Neil WeinbergCover art: Getty Images;Getty Images; iStockPhotography; Getty ImagesISBN-13: 978-92-95044-25-8
World Economic ForumGeneva, Switzerland 2010Professor Klaus SchwabWorld Economic ForumEditorThe GlobalCompetitiveness Report2010–2011Professor Xavier Sala-i-MartinColumbia UniversityChief Advisor of the Centre for Global Competitiveness and PerformanceMembers of the Global Competitiveness Report Advisory BoardDr Kemal DervisBrookings InstitutionVice-President and Director, Global Economy and DevelopmentProfessor Ricardo HausmannHarvard UniversityDirector, Center for International Development, John F. Kennedy School of GovernmentH.E. Dr Felipe Larraín BascuñánMinister of Finance of ChileH.E. Dr Mari Elka PangestuMinister of Trade of IndonesiaThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
The Global Competitiveness Report2010–2011 is published by the WorldEconomic Forum within the framework ofthe Centre for Global Competitiveness andPerformanceProfessor Klaus SchwabExecutive ChairmanProfessor Xavier Sala-i-MartinChief Advisor of the Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and PerformanceWorld Economic ForumGenevaCopyright 2010by the World Economic ForumAll rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,or otherwise without the prior permission ofthe World Economic Forum.ISBN-13: 978-92-95044-87-6ISBN-10: 92-95044-87-8Robert GreenhillChief Business OfficerCENTRE FOR GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND PERFORMANCEJennifer Blanke, Director, Lead Economist,Head of the Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and PerformanceMargareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Director,Senior EconomistIrene Mia, Director, Senior EconomistThierry Geiger, Associate Director,EconomistCiara Browne, Associate DirectorPearl Samandari, Community ManagerEva Trujillo Herrera, Research AssistantCarissa Sahli, CoordinatorThis book is printed on paper suitable forrecycling and made from fully managed andsustained forest sources.Printed and bound in Switzerland by SRO-Kundig.We thank Hope Steele for her superb editingwork and Neil Weinberg for his excellentgraphic design and layout. We are grateful toMiriam Poretti for her invaluable researchassistance.The terms country and nation as used in thisreport do not in all cases refer to a territorialentity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms coverwell-defined, geographically self-containedeconomic areas that may not be states butfor which statistical data are maintained on aseparate and independent basis.The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
ContentsPartner InstitutesPrefacevPart 2: Data Presentation67xi2.1 Country/Economy Profiles69by Klaus SchwabHow to Read the Country/Economy Profiles .71List of Countries/Economies .73Country/Economy Profiles .74Part 1: Measuring Competitiveness1.1 The Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011:Looking Beyond the Global Economic Crisis12.2 Data Tables3How to Read the Data Tables.355Index of Data Tables .357Data Tables .359by Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Jennifer Blanke, Margareta DrzeniekHanouz, Thierry Geiger, and Irene Mia1.2 The Executive Opinion Survey: The BusinessExecutives’ Insight into their Operating Environmentby Ciara Browne and Thierry Geiger57353Technical Notes and Sources495About the Authors499Acknowledgments501The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
Partner InstitutesPartner InstitutesThe World Economic Forum’s Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and Performance is pleased toacknowledge and thank the following organizationsas its valued Partner Institutes, without which therealization of The Global Competitiveness Report2010–2011 would not have been feasible:AlbaniaInstitute for Contemporary Studies (ISB)Artan Hoxha, PresidentElira Jorgoni, Senior ExpertEndrit Kapaj, Junior ExpertAlgeriaCentre de Recherche en Economie Appliquéepour le Développement (CREAD)Youcef Benabdallah, Assistant ProfessorYassine Ferfera, DirectorAngolaMITC InvestimentosEstefania Jover, Senior AdviserPROPETROL—Serviços PetroliferosArnaldo Lago de Carvalho, Managing PartnerSouth Africa-Angola Chamber of Commerce (SA-ACC)Roger Ballard-Tremeer, Hon Chief ExecutiveArgentinaIAE—Universidad AustralMaría Elina Gigaglia, Project ManagerEduardo Luis Fracchia, ProfessorArmeniaEconomy and Values Research CenterManuk Hergnyan, ChairmanSevak Hovhannisyan, Board Member and Senior AssociateGohar Malumyan, Research AssociateAustraliaAustralian Industry GroupColleen Dowling, Senior Research CoordinatorNick James, EconomistHeather Ridout, Chief ExecutiveAustriaAustrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO)Karl Aiginger, DirectorGerhard Schwarz, Coordinator, Survey DepartmentAzerbaijanAzerbaijan Marketing SocietyFuad Aliyev, Project ManagerZaur Veliyev, ConsultantBahrainBahrain Competitiveness Council, Bahrain EconomicDevelopment BoardNada Azmi, Manager, Economic Planning and DevelopmentJawad Habib, Senior Partner, BDO Jawad HabibRima Al Kilani, Director, International MarketingBangladeshCentre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Senior Research FellowKazi Mahmudur Rahman, Senior Research AssociateMustafizur Rahman, Executive DirectorBarbadosArthur Lewis Institute for Social and Economic Studies,University of West Indies (UWI)Andrew Downes, DirectorBelgiumVlerick Leuven Gent Management SchoolPriscilla Boairdi, Associate, Competence CentreEntrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyWim Moesen, ProfessorLeo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence CentreEntrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyBeninMicro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies(MIMAP) BeninEpiphane Adjovi, Business CoordinatorMaria-Odile Attanasso, Deputy CoordinatorFructueux Deguenonvo, ResearcherBosnia and HerzegovinaMIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo,University of SarajevoZlatko Lagumdzija, ProfessorZeljko Sain, Executive DirectorJasmina Selimovic, Assistant DirectorBotswanaBotswana National Productivity CentreLetsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and StatisticianParmod Chandna, Acting Executive DirectorPhumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information andResearch Services DepartmentBrazilFundação Dom CabralMarina Araújo, Economist and Researcher,The Competitiveness and Innovation CenterCarlos Arruda, Executive Director, International Board andProfessor and Coordinator, The Competitivenessand Innovation CenterArthur Kux, Economist and Research Assistant,The Competitiveness and Innovation CenterMovimento Brasil Competitivo (MBC)Erik Camarano, Director PresidentCecília Macedo, Economist and Senior Projects CoordinatorNikelma Moura, Communications AssistantBrunei DarussalamMinistry of Industry and Primary ResourcesPehin Dato Yahya Bakar, MinisterDayang Hajah Suriyah Haji Umar, Permanent Secretary IDato Dr Amin Abdullah, Permanent Secretary IIBulgariaCenter for Economic DevelopmentAnelia Damianova, Senior ExpertThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forumv
Partner InstitutesBurkina Fasolnstitut Supérieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP),University of OuagadougouSamuel Kabore, Economist and Head of Development Strategyand Population ResearchCroatiaNational Competitiveness CouncilMartina Hatlak, Research AssistantKresimir Jurlin, Research FellowMira Lenardic, General SecretaryBurundiUniversity Research Centre for Economic and SocialDevelopment (CURDES), National University of BurundiRichard Ndereyahaga, Head of CURDESGilbert Niyongabo, Dean, Faculty of Economics& ManagementCyprusCyprus College Research CenterBambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomicand Academic ResearchCambodiaEconomic Institute of CambodiaSok Hach, PresidentPoch Kongchheng, ResearcherCzech RepublicCMC Graduate School of BusinessTomas Janca, Executive DirectorCameroonComité de Compétitivité (Competitiveness Committee)Lucien Sanzouango, Permanent SecretaryCanadaInstitute for Competitiveness and ProsperityTamer Azer, ResearcherRoger Martin, Chairman and Dean of the RotmanSchool of Management, University of TorontoJames Milway, Executive DirectorCape VerdeINOVE RESEARCH—Investigação e Desenvolvimento, LdaRosa Brito, Senior ResearcherJúlio Delgado, Partner and Senior ResearcherFrantz Tavares, Partner and Chief Executive OfficerviThe Cyprus Development BankMaria Markidou-Georgiadou, Manager, InternationalBanking Services Unit and Business DevelopmentChadGroupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoringdu Projet Pétrole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC)Antoine Doudjidingao, ResearcherGilbert Maoundonodji, DirectorCeline Nénodji Mbaipeur, Programme OfficerChileUniversidad Adolfo IbáñezFernando Larrain Aninat, Director of the Master in Managementand Public Policy, School of GovernmentCamila Chadwick, Project CoordinatorLeonidas Montes, Dean, School of GovernmentChinaInstitute of Economic System and ManagementNational Development and Reform CommissionZhou Haichun, Deputy Director and ProfessorChen Wei, Research FellowDong Ying, ProfessorChina Center for Economic Statistics Research,Tianjin University of Finance and EconomicsLu Dong, ProfessorJian Wang, Associate ProfessorHongye Xiao, ProfessorBojuan Zhao, ProfessorHuazhang Zheng, Associate ProfessorColombiaNational Planning DepartmentAlvaro Edgar Balcazar, Entrepreneurial Development DirectorCarolina Rentería Rodríguez, General DirectorMauricio Torres Velásquez, AdvisorDenmarkDepartment of Business Studies, Aalborg UniversityBirgitte Gregersen, Associate ProfessorGert Villumsen, Associate ProfessorEcuadorESPAE Graduate School of Management,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL)Elizabeth Arteaga, Project AssistantVirginia Lasio, Acting DirectorSara Wong, ProfessorEgyptThe Egyptian Center for Economic StudiesOmneia Helmy, Deputy Director of Research andLead EconomistMagda Kandil, Executive Director and Director of ResearchMalak Reda, Senior EconomistEstoniaEstonian Institute of Economic ResearchEvelin Ahermaa, Head of Economic Research SectorMarje Josing, DirectorEstonian Development FundKitty Kubo, Head of ForesightOtt Pärna, Chief Executive OfficerEthiopiaAfrican Institute of Management, Development andGovernanceTegegne Teka, General ManagerFinlandETLA—The Research Institute of the Finnish EconomyPetri Rouvinen, Research DirectorPasi Sorjonen, Head of the Forecasting GroupPekka Ylä-Anttila, Managing DirectorFranceHEC School of Management, ParisBertrand Moingeon, Professor and Deputy DeanBernard Ramanantsoa, Professor and DeanGambia, TheGambia Economic and Social Development ResearchInstitute (GESDRI)Makaireh A. Njie, DirectorColombian Council of CompetitivenessHernando José Gomez, PresidentGeorgiaBusiness Initiative for Reforms in GeorgiaTamara Janashia, Executive DirectorGiga Makharadze, Founding Member of the Board of DirectorsMamuka Tsereteli, Founding Member of the Board of DirectorsCôte d’IvoireChambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Côte d’IvoireJean-Louis Billon, PresidentJean-Louis Giacometti, Technical Advisor to the PresidentMamadou Sarr, Director GeneralGermanyWHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management, VallendarRalf Fendel, Professor of Monetary EconomicsMichael Frenkel, Professor, Chair of Macroeconomicsand International EconomicsThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
GreeceSEV Hellenic Federation of EnterprisesMichael Mitsopoulos, Coordinator,Research and AnalysisThanasis Printsipas, Economist,Research and AnalysisGuatemalaFUNDESAEdgar A. Heinemann, President of the Board of DirectorsPablo Schneider, Economic DirectorJuan Carlos Zapata, General ManagerGuyanaInstitute of Development Studies, University of GuyanaKaren Pratt, Research AssociateClive Thomas, DirectorHong Kong SARHong Kong General Chamber of CommerceDavid O’Rear, Chief EconomistFederation of Hong Kong IndustriesAlexandra Poon, DirectorThe Chinese General Chamber of CommerceHungaryKOPINT-TÁRKI Economic Research Ltd.Ágnes Nagy, Project ManagerÉva Palócz, Chief Executive OfficerIcelandInnovation Center IcelandKarl Fridriksson, Managing Director ofHuman Resources and MarketingRosa Gisladottir, Marketing ManagerThorsteinn I. Sigfusson, DirectorIndiaConfederation of Indian Industry (CII)Chandrajit Banerjee, Director GeneralTarun Das, Chief MentorVirendra Gupta, Head, International and Trade FairsIndonesiaCenter for Industry, SME & BusinessCompetition Studies, University of TrisaktiTulus Tambunan, Professor and DirectorIran, Islamic Republic ofThe Centre for Economic Studies and Surveys (CESS),Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries and MinesHammed Roohani, DirectorIrelandCompetitiveness Survey Group, Department of Economics,University College CorkEleanor Doyle, Professor, Department of EconomicsNiall O’SullivanBernadette PowerNational Competitiveness CouncilAdrian Devitt, ManagerCaoimhe Gavin, Policy AdvisorIsraelManufacturers’ Association of Israel (MAI)Shraga Brosh, PresidentDan Catarivas, DirectorYehuda Segev, Managing DirectorItalySDA Bocconi School of ManagementSecchi Carlo, Full Professor of Economic Policy,Bocconi UniversityPaola Dubini, Associate Professor, Bocconi UniversityFrancesco A. Saviozzi, SDA Assistant Professor,Strategic and Entrepreneurial Management DepartmentPartner InstitutesGhanaAssociation of Ghana Industries (AGI)Patricia Djorbuah, Projects OfficerCletus Kosiba, Executive DirectorNana Owusu-Afari, PresidentJamaicaMona School of Business (MSB), The University ofthe West IndiesPatricia Douce, Project AdministratorEvan Duggan, Executive Director and ProfessorWilliam Lawrence, Director, Professional Services UnitJapanHitotsubashi University, Graduate School of InternationalCorporate Strategy (ICS) in cooperation with KeizaiDoyukai Keizai (Japan Association of Corporate Executives)Yoko Ishikura, ProfessorKiyohiko Ito, Managing Director, Keizai DoyukaiJordanMinistry of Planning & International CooperationJordan National Competitiveness TeamHiba Abu Taleb, Primary ResearcherMaher Al Mahrouq, Team Leader and Director of Policiesand Studies DepartmentKawther Al-Zou’bi, Primary ResearcherKazakhstanJSC “National Analytical Centre of the Government andthe National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan”Ayana Manasova, ChairpersonAibek Baisakalov, Project ManagerKenyaInstitute for Development Studies, University of NairobiMohamud Jama, Director and Associate ProfessorPaul Kamau, Research FellowDorothy McCormick, Associate ProfessorKorea, Republic ofCollege of Business School, Korea Advanced Institute ofScience and Technology KAISTIngoo Han, Senior Associate Dean and ProfessorRavi Kumar, Dean and ProfessorYoujin Sung, Manager, Exchange ProgrammeKuwaitKuwait National Competitiveness CommitteeAdel Al-Husainan, Committee MemberFahed Al-Rashed, Committee ChairmanSayer Al-Sayer, Committee MemberKyrgyz RepublicEconomic Policy Institute “Bishkek Consensus”Lola Abduhametova, Program CoordinatorMarat Tazabekov, ChairmanLatviaInstitute of Economics, Latvian Academy of SciencesHelma Jirgena, DirectorIrina Curkina, ResearcherLebanonBader Young Entrepreneurs ProgramAntoine Abou-Samra, Managing DirectorHiba Zunji, AssistantLesothoMohloli Chamber of BusinessLibyaNational Economic Development BoardEntisar Elbahi, Director, Relations and Supported ServicesLithuaniaStatistics LithuaniaOna Grigiene, Head, Economical Survey DivisionAlgirdas Šemeta, Director GeneralThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forumvii
Partner InstitutesLuxembourgChamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of LuxembourgFrançois-Xavier Borsi, Attaché, Economic DepartmentCarlo Thelen, Chief Economist, Member of the Managing BoardMarc Wagener, Attaché, Economic DepartmentCentre for Economic Research (CER)Corneliu Gutu, DirectorMacedonia, FYRNational Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness Council (NECC)Dejan Janevski, Project CoordinatorZoran Stavreski, President of the Managing BoardSaso Trajkoski, Executive DirectorMongoliaOpen Society Forum (OSF)Munkhsoyol Baatarjav, Manager of Economic PolicyErdenejargal Perenlei, Executive DirectorMadagascarCentre of Economic Studies, University of AntananarivoRavelomanana Mamy Raoul, DirectorRazato Rarijaona Simon, Executive SecretaryMontenegroInstitute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses (ISSP)Maja Drakic, Project ManagerPetar Ivanovic, Chief Executive OfficerVeselin Vukotic, PresidentMalawiMalawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and IndustryChancellor L. Kaferapanjira, Chief Executive OfficerMalaysiaInstitute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS)Mahani Zainal Abidin, Chief ExecutiveSteven C.M. Wong, Senior Director, EconomicsMalaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC)Mohd Razali Hussain, Director GeneralLee Saw Hoon, Senior DirectorMaliGroupe de Recherche en Economie Appliquée etThéorique (GREAT)Massa Coulibaly, CoordinatorviiiMoldovaAcademy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM)Grigore Belostecinic, RectorMaltaCompetitive Malta—Foundation for National CompetitivenessMargrith Lutschg-Emmenegger, Vice PresidentAdrian Said, Chief CoordinatorCaroline Sciortino, Research CoordinatorMauritaniaCentre d’Information Mauritanien pour le DéveloppementEconomique et Technique (CIMDET/CCIAM)Khira Mint Cheikhnani, DirectorLô Abdoul, Consultant and AnalystHabib Sy, AnalystMauritiusJoint Economic Council of MauritiusRaj Makoond, DirectorBoard of InvestmentKevin Bessondyal, Assistant Director, Planning and PolicyDev Chamroo, Director, Planning and PolicyVeekram Gowd, Senior Investment Advisor, Planningand PolicyRaju Jaddoo, Managing DirectorMexicoCenter for Intellectual Capital and CompetitivenessErika Ruiz Manzur, Executive DirectorRené Villarreal Arrambide, President andChief Executive OfficerJesús Zurita González, General DirectorInstituto Mexicano para la Competitividad (IMCO)Gabriela Alarcón Esteva, EconomistLuis César Castañeda Valdés, ResearcherManuel J. Molano Ruíz, Deputy General DirectorRoberto Newell García, General DirectorMinistry of the EconomyPaulo Esteban Alcaraz, Research Director, ProMéxicoTrade & InvestmentFelipe Duarte Olvera, Undersecretary for Competitivenessand StandardizationJavier Prieto, Technical Secretary for CompetitivenessJose Antonio Torre, Head of the Business Intelligence Unit,ProMéxico Trade & InvestmentMoroccoUniversité Hassan II, LASAAREFouzi Mourji, Professor of EconomicsMozambiqueEconPolicy Research Group, Lda.Peter Coughlin, DirectorDonaldo Miguel Soares, ResearcherEma Marta Soares, AssistantNamibiaNamibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU)Jacob Nyambe, Senior ResearcherFanuel Tjingaete, DirectorNepalCentre for Economic Development andAdministration (CEDA)Ramesh Chandra Chitrakar, Professor andCountry CoordinatorBharat Pokharel, Project Director and Executive DirectorMahendra Raj Joshi, MemberNetherlandsErasmus Strategic Renewal Center,Erasmus University RotterdamFrans A. J. Van den Bosch, ProfessorHenk W. Volberda, ProfessorNew ZealandBusiness New ZealandPhil O’Reilly, Chief ExecutiveThe New Zealand InstituteLisa Bailey, Executive AssistantRick Boven, DirectorNigeriaNigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG)Frank Nweke Jr., Director GeneralSam Ohuabunwa, ChairmanChris Okpoko, Research Director, ResearchNorwayBI Norwegian School of ManagementEskil Goldeng, ResearcherTorger Reve, ProfessorOmanThe International Research FoundationSalem Ben Nasser Al-Ismaily, ChairmanArabian Research BureauGus Freeman, Managing DirectorMahir Al-Maskari, General ManagerPakistanCompetitiveness Support FundArthur Bayhan, Chief Executive OfficerImran Naeem Ahmad, Communication SpecialistMaryam Jawaid, Communication SpecialistThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
SingaporeEconomic Development BoardLim Hong Khiang, Director Planning 2Chua Kia Chee, Head, Research and Statistics UnitCheng Wai San, Head, PlanningPeruCentro de Desarrollo Industrial (CDI), Sociedad Nacionalde IndustriasNéstor Asto, Project DirectorLuis Tenorio, Executive DirectorSlovak RepublicBusiness Alliance of Slovakia (PAS)Robert Kicina, Executive DirectorPeter Klatik, ResearcherMatej Tunega, ResearcherPhilippinesMakati Business Club (MBC) in association withManagement Association of the Philippines (MAP)Alberto A. Lim, Executive Director, MBCArnold P. Salvador, Executive Director, MAPMarc P. Opulencia, Deputy Director, MBCMichael B. Mundo, Chief Economist, MBCSloveniaInstitute for Economic ResearchMateja Drnovšek, Professor, Faculty of EconomicsPeter Stanovnik, ProfessorSonja Urši , Senior ResearcherAles̆ Vahc̆ic̆, Professor, Faculty of EconomicsPolandEconomic Institute, National Bank of PolandMateusz Pipień, General DirectorPiotr Boguszewski, AdvisorPortugalPROFORUM, Associação para o Desenvolvimentoda EngenhariaIlídio António de Ayala Serôdio, Vice President ofthe Board of DirectorsFórum de Administradores de Empresas (FAE)Paulo Bandeira, General DirectorPedro do Carmo Costa, Member of the Board of DirectorsEsmeralda Dourado, President of the Board of DirectorsPuerto RicoPuerto Rico 2000, Inc.Suzette M. Jimenez, PresidentFrancisco Montalvo Fiol, Project CoordinatorQatarQatari Businessmen Association (QBA)Issa Abdul Salam Abu Issa, Secretary-GeneralSarah Abdallah, Deputy General ManagerRomaniaGroup of Applied Economics (GEA)Liviu Voinea, Executive DirectorIrina Zgreaban, Program CoordinatorRussian FederationBauman InnovationAlexei Prazdnitchnykh, Principal, Associate ProfessorKaterina Marandi, ConsultantStockholm School of Economics, RussiaIgor Dukeov, Area PrincipalCarl F. Fey, Associate Dean of ResearchRwandaPrivate Sector FederationMolly Rwigamba, Acting Chief Executive OfficerEmmanuel Rutagengwa, Policy AnalystSaudi ArabiaNational Competitiveness Center (NCC)Awwad Al-Awwad, PresidentKhaldon Mahasen, Vice PresidentSenegalCentre de Recherches Economiques Appliquées (CREA),University of DakarDiop Ibrahima Thione, DirectorSerbiaCenter for Applied European Studies (CPES)Srdjan Djurovic, DirectorDusko Vasiljevic, Senior ResearcherPartner InstitutesParaguayCentro de Análisis y Difusión de Economia Paraguaya (CADEP)Dionisio Borda, Research MemberFernando Masi, DirectorMaría Belén Servín, Research MemberSouth AfricaBusiness Leadership South AfricaFriede Dowie, DirectorMichael Spicer, Chief Executive OfficerBusiness Unity South AfricaSimi Siwisa, DirectorJerry Vilakazi, Chief Executive OfficerSpainIESE Business School, International Center for CompetitivenessAntoni Subirà, ProfessorMaría Luisa Blázquez, Research AssociateSri LankaInstitute of Policy StudiesAyodya Galappattige, Research OfficerSaman Kelegama, Executive DirectorManoj Thibbotuwawa, Research OfficerSwazilandFederation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of CommerceZodwa Mabuza, Chief Executive OfficerSihle Fakude,Research AnalystSwedenCenter for Strategy and Competitiveness,Stockholm School of EconomicsChristian Ketels, Senior Research FellowÖrjan Sölvell, ProfessorSwitzerlandUniversity of St. Gallen, Executive School of Management,Technology and Law (ES-HSG)Beat Bechtold, Communications ManagerAlexander Jungmeister, Vice Executive DirectorRubén Rodriguez Startz, Project ManagerSyriaMinistry of Economy and TradeAmer Housni Louitfi, Minister of Economy and TradeState Planning CommissionTayseer Al-Ridawi, Head of State Planning CommissionSyrian Enterprise Business Center (SEBC)Tamer Abadi, DirectorTaiwan, ChinaCouncil for Economic Planning and Development, Executive YuanLiu, Y. Christina, MinisterHung, J. B., Director, Economic Research DepartmentShieh, Chung Chung, Researcher, Economic Research DepartmentTajikistanThe Center for Sociological Research “Zerkalo”Qahramon Baqoev, DirectorGulnora Beknazarova, ResearcherAlikul Isoev, Sociologist and EconomistThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forumix
Partner InstitutesTanzaniaResearch on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA)Joseph Semboja, Professor and Executive DirectorLucas Katera, Director, Commissioned ResearchCornel Jahari, Researcher, Commissioned Research DepartmentThailandSasin Graduate Institute of Business Administration,Chulalongkorn UniversityPongsak Hoontrakul, Senior Research FellowToemsakdi Krishnamra, Director of SasinPiyachart Phiromswad, Faculty of EconomicsThailand Development Research Institute (TDRI)Somchai Jitsuchon, Research DirectorChalongphob Sussangkarn, Distinguished FellowYos Vajragupta, Senior ResearcherTimor-LesteEast Timor Development Agency (ETDA)Jose Barreto Goncalves, Survey SupervisorPalmira Pires, DirectorDavid Wilkes, Survey Field OfficerTrinidad and TobagoArthur Lok Jack Graduate School of BusinessMiguel Carillo, Executive DirectorHarrylal Nirmala, Director, International CentreThe Competitiveness CompanyRolph Balgobin, ChairmanTunisiaInstitut Arabe des Chefs d’EntreprisesMajdi Hassen, Executive CounsellorChekib Nouira, PresidentxTurkeyTUSIAD Sabanci University Competitiveness ForumDilek Cetindamar, Director and ProfessorFunda Kalemci, Project SpecialistVietnamCentral Institute for Economic Management (CIEM)Dinh Van An, PresidentPhan Thanh Ha, Deputy Director, Department ofMacroeconomic ManagementPham Hoang Ha, Senior Researcher, Department ofMacroeconomic ManagementInstitute for Development Studies in HCMC (HIDS)Nguyen Trong Hoa, Professor and PresidentDu Phuoc Tan, Head of DepartmentTrieu Thanh Son, ResearcherZambiaInstitute of Economic and Social Research (INESOR),University of ZambiaMutumba M. Bull, DirectorPatricia Funjika, Staff Development FellowJolly Kamwanga, CoordinatorZimbabweGraduate School of Management, University of ZimbabweA. M. Hawkins, ProfessorBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Honduras, Nicaragua, PanamaINCAE Business School, Latin American Center forCompetitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS)Arturo Condo, RectorMarlene de Estrella, Director of External RelationsLawrence Pratt, Director, CLACDSVíctor Umaña, Researcher and Project Manager, CLACDSLatvia, LithuaniaStockholm School of Economics in RigaKarlis Kreslins, Executive MBA Programme DirectorAnders Paalzow, RectorUgandaKabano Research and Development CentreRobert Apunyo, Program ManagerDelius Asiimwe, Executive DirectorCatherine Ssekimpi, Research AssociateUkraineCASE Ukraine, Center for Social and Economic ResearchDmytro Boyarchuk, Executive DirectorVladimir Dubrovskiy, Leading EconomistUnited Arab EmiratesDubai Economic CouncilGayane Afrikian, Director, Dubai Competitiveness CentreKhawla Belqazi, Special Projects ManagerEmirates Competitiveness CouncilAbdullah Nasser Lootah,Secretary GeneralInstitute for Social and Economic Research (ISER),Zayed UniversityNico Vellinga, ProfessorUnited KingdomLSE Enterprise Ltd, London School of Economics and PoliticalScienceNiccolo Durazzi, Project AdministratorRobyn Klingler Vidra, ResearcherJane Lac, Project ManagerUruguayUniversidad ORTIsidoro Hodara, ProfessorVenezuelaCONAPRI—Venezuelan Council for Investment PromotionEduardo Porcarelli, Executive DirectorLitsay Guerrero, Manager, Economic AffairsThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 2010 World Economic Forum
PrefacePrefaceKLAUS SCHWABExecutive Chairman, World Economic ForumThis year’s Global Competitiveness Report is beingpublished amid uncertainty in the global economy anda continuing shift in the balance of economic activityaway from advanced economies and toward developingones. Despite significant government stimulus spendingaimed at dampening the recession, growth in advancedeconomies remains slug
The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010 offers users a unique dataset on a broad arrayof competitiveness indicators for 133 economies, which together account for more than 98 percent of the world's GDP. The data used in the Report come from leading
