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g Easier!Making Everythin 3rd EditionProjecttnemeManagLearn to: Organize and schedule projects efficientlyand effectively Motivate any team to gain maximumproductivity Assess risks, manage changes, maintaincommunication, and live up toexpectations Plan for resources and stay within abudgetStanley E. Portny, PMP Internationally recognized expert inproject managementwww.it-ebooks.info

Get More and Do More at Dummies.com Start with FREE Cheat SheetsCheat Sheets include Checklists Charts Common Instructions And Other Good Stuff!To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go towww.dummies.com/cheatsheet/projectmanagementGet Smart at Dummies.comDummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000sof answers on everything from removing wallpaperto using the latest version of Windows.Check out our Videos Illustrated Articles Step-by-Step InstructionsPlus, each month you can win valuable prizes by enteringour Dummies.com sweepstakes. *Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on Digital Photography Microsoft Windows & Office Personal Finance & Investing Health & Wellness Computing, iPods & Cell Phones eBay Internet Food, Home & GardenFind out “HOW” at Dummies.com*Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules.www.it-ebooks.info

ProjectManagementFORDUMmIES‰3RDEDITIONby Stanley E. PortnyCertified Project Management Professional (PMP)www.it-ebooks.info

Project Management For Dummies , 3rd EditionPublished byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River St.Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774www.wiley.comCopyright 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in CanadaNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior writtenpermission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to theCopyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for theRest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making EverythingEasier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associatedwith any product or vendor mentioned in this book.LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NOREPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OFTHE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BECREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIESCONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THEUNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OROTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OFA COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THEAUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCEOF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSESTHE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS ITMAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THISWORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN ANDWHEN IT IS READ.For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer CareDepartment within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print maynot be available in electronic books.Library of Congress Control Number: 2010924586ISBN: 978-0-470-57452-2Manufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1www.it-ebooks.info

About the AuthorStan Portny, president of Stanley E. Portny and Associates,LLC, is an internationally recognized expert in project management and project leadership. During the past 30 years,he’s provided training and consultation to more than 150public and private organizations in consumer products,insurance, pharmaceuticals, finance, information technology,telecommunications, defense, and healthcare. He has developed and conducted training programs for more than 50,000management and staff personnel in engineering, sales andmarketing, research and development, information systems, manufacturing,operations, and support areas.Stan combines an analyst’s eye with an innate sense of order and balanceand a deep respect for personal potential. He helps people understand howto control chaotic environments and produce dramatic results while stillachieving personal and professional satisfaction. Widely acclaimed for hisdynamic presentations and unusual ability to establish a close rapport withseminar participants, Stan specializes in tailoring his training programs tomeet the unique needs of individual organizations. His clients have includedADP, ADT, American International Group, Burlington Northern Railroad,Hewlett Packard, Nabisco, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pitney Bowes, UPS,Vanguard Investment Companies, and the United States Navy and Air Force.A Project Management Institute–certified Project Management Professional(PMP), Stan received his bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from thePolytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He holds a master’s degree in electricalengineering and the degree of electrical engineer from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology. Stan has also studied at the Alfred P. Sloan School ofManagement and the George Washington University National Law Center.Stan provides on-site training in all aspects of project management, projectteam building, and project leadership. He can work with you to assess yourorganization’s current project-management practices, develop planning andcontrol systems and procedures, and review the progress of ongoing projects. In addition, Stan can serve as the keynote speaker at your organization’sor professional association’s meetings.To discuss this book or understand how Stan can work with you to enhanceyour organization’s project-management skills and practices, please contacthim at Stanley E. Portny and Associates, LLC, 20 Helene Drive, Randolph, NewJersey 07869; phone 973-366-8500; e-mail Stan@StanPortny.com; Web sitewww.StanPortny.com.www.it-ebooks.info

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DedicationTo my wife, Donna; my son, Brian; and my son and daughter-in-law, Jonathanand Marci. May we continue to share life’s joys together.Author’s AcknowledgmentsWriting and publishing this book was a team effort, and I would like to thankthe many people who helped to make it possible. First, I want to thank TracyBoggier, my acquisitions editor, who first contacted me to discuss the possibility of my writing this third edition of my book. Thanks to her for makingthat phone call, for helping me prepare the proposal, for helping to get theproject off to a smooth and timely start, for coordinating the publicity andsales, and for helping to bring all the pieces to a successful conclusion.Thanks to Georgette Beatty, my project editor, and Amanda Langferman, mycopy editor, for their guidance, support, and the many hours they spent polishing the text into a smooth, finished product. And thanks to Anita Griner,my technical reviewer, for her many insightful observations and suggestions.Finally, thanks to my family for their continued help and inspiration. Thanksto Donna, who never doubted that this book would become a reality and whoshared personal and stylistic comments as she reviewed the text countlesstimes while always making it seem like she found it enjoyable and enlightening.Thanks to Brian, Jonathan, and Marci, whose interest and excitement helpedmotivate me to see the third edition of this book through to completion.www.it-ebooks.info

Publisher’s AcknowledgmentsWe’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com.For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974,outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:Acquisitions, Editorial, and MediaDevelopmentComposition ServicesProject Coordinator: Katherine CrockerSenior Project Editor: Georgette Beatty(Previous Edition: Chad R. Sievers)Layout and Graphics: Ashley Chamberlain,Samantha K. Cherolis, Joyce HaugheyAcquisitions Editor: Tracy BoggierProofreaders: John Greenough,Sossity R. SmithCopy Editor: Amanda M. Langferman(Previous Edition: Pam Ruble)Indexer: Cheryl DukstaAssistant Editor: Erin Calligan MooneyEditorial Program Coordinator: Joe NiesenTechnical Editor: Anita E. Griner, MBA, PMPEditorial Manager: Michelle HackerEditorial Assistant: Jennette ElNaggarCover Photo: iStockCartoons: Rich Tennant(www.the5thwave.com)Publishing and Editorial for Consumer DummiesDiane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer DummiesKristin Ferguson-Wagstaffe, Product Development Director, Consumer DummiesEnsley Eikenburg, Associate Publisher, TravelKelly Regan, Editorial Director, TravelPublishing for Technology DummiesAndy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General UserComposition ServicesDebbie Stailey, Director of Composition Serviceswww.it-ebooks.info

Contents at a GlanceIntroduction . 1Part I: Understanding Expectations (The Who, What,and Why of Your Project) . 7Chapter 1: Project Management: The Key to Achieving Results . 9Chapter 2: Clarifying What You’re Trying to Accomplish — and Why . 29Chapter 3: Knowing Your Project’s Audience: Involving the Right People . 51Chapter 4: Developing Your Game Plan: Getting from Here to There . 71Part II: Planning Time: Determining Whenand How Much . 95Chapter 5: You Want This Project Done When? . 97Chapter 6: Establishing Whom You Need, How Much, and When . 129Chapter 7: Planning for Other Resources and Developing the Budget . 151Chapter 8: Venturing into the Unknown: Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty . 163Part III: Group Work: Putting Your Team Together . 183Chapter 9: Aligning the Key Players for Your Project . 185Chapter 10: Defining Team Members’ Roles and Responsibilities . 199Chapter 11: Starting Your Project Team Off on the Right Foot . 221Part IV: Steering the Ship: Managing YourProject to Success . 237Chapter 12: Tracking Progress and Maintaining Control . 239Chapter 13: Keeping Everyone Informed . 263Chapter 14: Encouraging Peak Performance by Providing Effective Leadership. 281Chapter 15: Bringing Your Project to Closure. 291Part V: Taking Your Project Management tothe Next Level . 303Chapter 16: Using Technology to Up Your Game . 305Chapter 17: Monitoring Project Performance with Earned Value Management. 319www.it-ebooks.info

Part VI: The Part of Tens . 333Chapter 18: Ten Questions to Ask Yourself as You Plan Your Project . 335Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Being a Better Project Manager. 339Appendix: Combining the Techniques intoSmooth-Flowing Processes . 343Index . 347www.it-ebooks.info