WIXLIB

www.academic-englishuk.com11. Key terms in an exampleAfrican boyNews Company:i. CNNWhere: name of country inAfrica?Family’s job:ii. KenyaAward:iv. Heroes AwardProblem: 1)v. The kerosene lamp, it had smoke and it damaged hiseyesProblem: 1)vi. there was never enough kerosene,because what does a dollar a day buy for youvii. a cost-free solar lampInvention:iii. shepherd boy - shepherdsSolution:viii. And now the children in his village get the samegrades at school as the children who have electricity athomeQuote:ix. The children can lead Africa from what it is today, adark continent, to a light continent."[ 2 points]12. Conclusion/ 10What is the basic conclusion? (2 key points)People who have no light, whether it's physical or metaphorical, cannot pass our exams1,and we can never know what they know2.[2 points]/ 2Overall Score: / 44COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comCan we build AI without losing control over it?[listening test questions]Author: Sam HarrisDate: June 2015Time: (14:27)Level: ***** [C1]TED TALKS Link:https://www.ted.com/talks/sam harris can we build ai without losing control over itCheck these words before listening:Key vocabulary1. Intuition2. A global famine3. Catastrophe4. Science fiction,5. to marshal an appropriate emotional response6. Automation7. An asteroid8. Malicious9. Divergence10. Competent11. To annihilate12. Inevitable13. Assumptions14. To be far-fetched15. Crucial16. Exponential progress17. Precarious18. Unreliable19. John von Neumann (famous physicist & Mathematician)20. A spectrum21. MIT22. A trillionaire23. To go berserk24. Silicon Valley25. Unprecedented power26. The Simpsons27. A Manhattan Project28. An arms raceCopyright: These materials are photocopiable but please leave all logos and webaddresses on handouts. Please don’t post these materials onto the web. Thank youCOPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comCan we build AI without losing control over it?TED TALK: Sam Harris [Jun 2016. 14:27]1.Introduction: True / False / Not GivenT / F / NGi. The lecturer claims we are all worried about A.I in the futureii. The lecturer believes A.I will destroy all of usiii. The lecturer believes A.I will take over the worldiv. Most of us find A.I fun to think aboutv. A.I will cause global famineVi. We are able to marshal an emotional response to the future of A.I/ 62. The two doors scenario – short answersDoor 1What is behind the 1st door?What could stop this from happening?i.i. A full-scale nuclear warThe overall point is:i. to stop A.I ./ 4(2 reasons)ii.iii.Door 2What is behind the second door?What will happen?i.ii. If we build machines that are smarterthan we are, they will begin to ithemselves .COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comiii. Mathematicians call this process of beingA scientific term:not in control; "ie " .[2 points]The main concern is that these competentmachines.iv. could usWhich insect does he refer to in order toconsolidate this point?v.3. Three main assumptions – short answers/ 6Assumption 1IdeaDevelopmenti.ii. g i iswhen a machine can think flexibly acrossmultiple domains –[2 points]Overall point:iii. It's crucial to realize that the rate ofprogress doesn't matter, because/ 4Assumption 2IdeaDevelopmenti.ii. We need to improve our uas it is a valuable resource.Overall point - We have problems to solve:We want to cure diseases like iii) cand improve our iv) c scienceIdiom expression: vi. ‘the train is out of the station and there’s no b to pull.’/ 6COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comAssumption 3IdeaDevelopmenti.This is what makes our situation so ii)p , and this is what makes ourintuitions about risk so iii) uThe spectrum of intelligence:Machines will iv) e this spectrum inways that we can't imagine, and v) eus in ways that we can't imagine.A million times faster:The virtue of speed in electronic circuits: vi)What do these numbers refer to?20,000 years:vii)4. Summary – [put a suitable word in the gap – first letter of word is provided]/ 7The future with A.IImagine the best case scenario a super-intelligent A.I design with no safety concerns. Itcould redesign itself to be the perfect i) l - s device. It could end mostbasic jobs and at the same time many ii) i jobs too. The main concern iswhat would happen to the main iii) e and political order. We wouldwitness wealth inequality and high levels of iv) u never experiencedbefore. There would be a few v) t and the rest of us would starve.5. Multiple Choice:/ 5i. Russian and Chinese – choose only onea) The Russians and Chinese want to wage warb) The Russians and Chinese are 6 months in front of the competition with A.Ic) The Russians and Chinese will do anything to be the leaders in A.Id) none of the above/ 1COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comii. One of the most frightening things is. – choose only onea) A.I researchers are lying about how close they are to super-intelligent A.I.b) A.I researchers are often telling us super-intelligent A.I is far off and not to worryc) A.I researchers do not realise how dangerous it isd) A.I researchers think we will populate Mars before A.I is invented/ 1iii. Another frightening point is. – choose only onea) We are not ready and have no idea of the safety parametersb) We have an urgency to create super-intelligent A.Ic) We are ready for aliens but not for super-intelligent A.Id) 50 years is not enough time to get ready for super-intelligent A.I/ 1vi. Implanting A.I technology into our brains (neuroscience) – choose only onea) this is the safest optionb) super-intelligent A.I and neuroscience is less likely than just basic super-intelligent A.Ic) this technology will help A.I machines share our common valuesd) all the above/ 16. Summary – [put a suitable word in the gap]Possible solutionA.I will be inevitably built. There is so much to consider when you are creating superintelligent machines that can make i) to itself. We need something like aii) Project on the topic of artificial intelligence especially to avoid aniii) race. We also need to admit that the horizon of iv) farexceeds what we currently know and we are in the process of building some kind of v). Is this something we can live with?/ 5Total score: / 47COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comCan we build AI without losing control over it? ANSWERS1.Introduction: T/F/NGi. The lecturer claims we are all worried about A.I in the futureFii. The lecturer believes A.I will destroy usTiii. The lecturer believes A.I will take over the worldNGiv. Most of us find A.I fun to think aboutTv. A.I will cause global famineNGVi. We are able to marshal an emotional response to the future of A.IFNo we think it’s funWe can’t seem to marshal a response/ 62. The two doors scenario – short answersDoor 1What is behind the 1st door?i. stop making progress in buildingintelligent machinesOur computer hardware and software juststops getting better for some reasonWhat could stop this from happening?(2 reasons)i. A full-scale nuclear war?ii. A global pandemic?iii. An asteroid impact?iv. Justin Bieber president of the UnitedStates?(any 3, any order)The overall point is:i. to stop A.I -something would have todestroy civilization as we know it/ 4COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comDoor 2What is behind the second door?What will happen?i. We continue to improve our intelligentmachines year after year after yearii. will build machines that are smarter thanwe are, and this will lead to , they willbegin to improve themselvesiii. Mathematicians call this process ofbeing not in control "intelligenceexplosion" .iv. destroy usA scientific term:The main concern is that these competentmachines could .Which insect does he refer to in order toconsolidate this point?v. ants/ 53. Three main assumptions – short answersAssumption 1Ideai. Intelligence is a matter of informationprocessing in physical systems.Overall point:Assumption 2Ideai. is that we will keep going. We willcontinue to improve our intelligentmachinesOverall pointDevelopmentii. general intelligence is when a machinecan think flexibly across multiple domains –iii. It's crucial to realize that the rate ofprogress doesn't matter, because anyprogress is enough to get us into the endzone./ 3Developmentii. We need to improve our understandingas it is a valuable resource.We want to cure diseases like iii) cancerand improve our iv) climate scienceIdiom expression: iv. the train is out of the station and there’s no brake to pull./ 4COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comAssumption 3Ideai. we don't stand on a peak of intelligence,or anywhere near itThe spectrum of intelligence:The virtue of speed in electronic circuits:4. Summary – the future with A.IdevelopmentThis is what makes our situation so ii.precarious, and this is what makes ourintuitions about risk so iii. unreliableMachines will iv. explore this spectrum inways that we can't imagine, and v. exceedus in ways that we can't imagine.vi. a million times faster: than biochemicalonesvii. 20,000 years of human-levelintellectual work in a week/ 7Imagine the best case scenario a super-intelligent A.I design with no safety concerns. Itcould redesign itself to be the perfect i. labour-saving device. It could end most basic jobsand at the same time many ii. intellectual jobs too. The main concern is what would happento the main iii. economic and political order. We would witness wealth inequality and highlevels of iv. unemployment never experienced before. There would be a few v. trillionnairesand the rest of us would starve.5. Multiple Choice:/ 6i. Russian and Chinese – choose the correct onea) The Russians and Chinese want to wage warB) The Russians and Chinese are 6 months in front of the competition with A.Ic) The Russians and Chinese will do anything to be the leaders in A.Id) none of the above/ 1ii. One of the most frightening things is. – choose the correct onea) A.I researchers are lying about how close they are to super-intelligent A.I.b) A.I researchers are often telling us super-intelligent A.I is far off and notto worryc) A.I researchers do not realise how dangerous it isd) A.I researchers think we will populate Mars before A.I is inventediii. Another frightening point is – choose oneCOPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests/ 1

www.academic-englishuk.coma) We are not ready and have no idea of the safety parametersb) We have an urgency to create super-intelligent A.Ic) We are ready for aliens but not for super-intelligent A.Id) 50 years is not enough time to get ready for super-intelligent A.I/ 1vi. Implanting A.I technology into our brains (neuroscience)a) this is the safest optionb) super-intelligent A.I and neuroscience is less likely than just basic super-intelligent A.Ic) this technology will help A.I machines share our common valuesd) all the above/ 16. Summary – possible solutionA.I will be inevitably built. There is so much to consider when you are creating superintelligent machines that can make i. changes to itself. We need something like a ii.Manhattan Project on the topic of artificial intelligence especially to avoid an iii. arms race.We also need to admit that the horizon of iv. cognition far exceeds what we currently knowand we are in the process of building some kind of v. God. Is this something we can livewith?/ 5Total score: / 44COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comTwo reasons companies fail and how to avoid them[listening test questions]Author: knut HaanaesDate: June 2015Time: (10:38)Level: ***** [B2/C1]TED TALKS Link:https://www.ted.com/talks/knut haanaes two reasons companies fail and how to avoid themCheck these words before listening:Key he ironyTo diagnosePracticality.A MantraObsolete.Famous people: Madame Curie, Picasso, Neil Armstrong, Sir Edmund Hillary(google these people)9. Pathetic.10. Competent.11. Companies: Nestlé / Lego / Toyota / Unilever (google)12. Persistence13. Perpetual14. Vicious circle15. The public sector16. Effective reform17. Lousy18. Crisis19. Sceptical20. To be conscious.Copyright: These materials are photocopiable but please leave all logos and webaddresses on handouts. Please don’t post these materials onto the web. Thank youCOPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comTwo reasons companies fail and how to avoid themTED TALK: knut Haanaes [Jun 2015. 10:38]1. Short answersWhat are the two reasons why companies fail?i.ii./ 22.Key termsWhat is the balance between the two activities?i. and/ 13.Case study ExamplesTwo companies that got it wrong.Case study 1:Name of company:i. FacilProduct of company:ii.What went wrong?iii./ 2Case study 2.Name of the company:i.Product of company:ii. a European biotech companyPromises:iii.iv. The company’s Mantra:"When we only get it right," or even, "We want it p ."What went wrong?v./ 4COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.com4. PeopleWho coined the idea of 'exploration' and 'exploitation'?Name:JimPlace:UniversityTime:about years ago/ 35.Defining termsDefine 'exploration'? And exploitation?What is exploration?i.What is exploitation?ii.What happens to companies as theybecome more competent?iii. They become lessWhat is the worry for CEOs?iv./ 46. One word answersCompanies that have innovated - what is the product?CompanyInnovationNestléi. NespressoLegoii.Toyotaiii.Unileveriv.7. Summary Skills - [put a suitable word in the gap – first letter of word is provided]COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests/ 3

www.academic-englishuk.comBusiness TrapsTrap1:The first trap is called the i) P S trap. This is when wediscover something but don’t have the patience or the ii) p to make it work.This is evident in lots of companies and a famous example is the company called iii)x . It also happens in the public sector where reform can take up toiv) [number] years but we change more often and as a result it isn’t given a chance./ 4Trap2:The second trap is called the i) S trap. This is when your product is verysuccessful that we fail to ii) i and change. When we know or do somethingwell, it's difficult to change. Bill Gates has said: "Success is a iii) l teacher. Itseduces us into thinking we cannot fail." That's the iv) c with success./ 48. Multiple choiceFour lessons to apply to companies.Lesson 1 – choose only onea. get ahead of the crisisb. keep pushing for the next battlec. win the next innovation cycled. all the above/ 1Lesson 2 – choose only onea. think in multiple time scalesb. think in one-year perspectivesc. innovate more from 30% to 70%d. all the above/ 1COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comLesson 3 – choose only onea. don’t allow constructive challenging on the corporate boardb. it’s not a team sport.c. invite talent.d. all the above./ 1Lesson 4 – choose only onea. be sceptical of success.,b. "remember, you're only human."c. use Roman history to guide you.d. all the above/ 19. Short answersLooking at your own company:What is the first question you should ask?i.What is the second question?ii.What is beauty in.iii. the beauty is in the b ./ 3Overall Score / 34COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.comTwo reasons companies fail and how to avoid them ANSWERS1. Short answersWhat are the two reasons why companies fail?i. they only do more of the sameii. they only do what's new/ 22.Key termsWhat is the balance between the two activities?i. exploration and exploitation/ 13.Case study ExamplesTwo companies that got it wrong.Case study 1.Name Company:i. FacitProduct:ii. CalculatorsWhat went wrong?iii. continued doing exactly the same. /exploitation/ 3Case study 2.Company:i. OncoSearchProduct:ii. a European biotech companyPromises:iii. diagnose, even cure, certain forms ofblood cancer.iv. Mantra: "When we only get it right," or even, "We want it perfect."What went wrong?v. Become obsolete before perfect /OncoSearch did too much exploration./ 5COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.com4. PeopleWho coined the idea of 'exploration' and 'exploitation'?Name:Jim MarchPlace:Stanford UniversityTime:about 15 years ago/ 35.Defining termsDefine 'exploration'? And exploitation?What is exploration?i. Coming up with what's new. It's aboutsearch, it's about discovery, it's about newproducts, it's about new innovations. It'sabout changing our frontiers. Risks are highWhat is exploitation?ii. taking the knowledge we have andmaking good, better. Making goodproducts faster and cheaper. Exploitation isnot risky -- in the short term.What happens to companies as theybecome more competent?iii. They become less innovative.What is the worry for CEOs?Doing one well is difficult but Doing bothwell at the same time is art./ 46. One word answersCompanies that have innovated - what is the product?CompanyNestléInnovationi. NespressoLegoii. animated filmsToyotaiii. hybridsUnileveriv. sustainability/ 3COPYRIGHT of www.academic-englishuk.com/ted-tests

www.academic-englishuk.com7. Summary SkillsBusiness TrapsTrap1:The first trap is called the i) Perpetual Search trap. This is when we discover something butdon’t have the patience or the ii) persistence to make it work. This is evident in lots ofcompanies and a famous example is the company called iii) Xerox. It also happens in thepublic sector where reform can take up to iv) 20 years but we change more often and as aresult it isn’t

TED TALK: Patricia Ryan [Dec 2010. 10:35] . Summary – [put a suitable word in the gap – first letter of word is provided] It brings to mind a headline I saw recently: "Education: The Great i. d_