F I V E Builder Curriculum B - Adventurers-Club For Kids

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5C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R BuilderCurriculumB asicRequirementsI. ResponsibilityRequirementsA. Recite the Adventurer Pledge and Law.B. Explain the Pledge.The Adventurer PledgeBecause Jesus loves me, I will always do mybest.The Adventurer LawJesus can help me to:Be obedientBe pureBe trueBe kindBe respectfulBe attentiveBe helpfulBe cheerfulBe thoughtfulBe reverentBackground InformationThe Adventurer Pledge serves as a regularreminder of the importance of striving forexcellence, and as a spoken commitment towork toward this goal. The words, “BecauseJesus loves me,” provide the children withthe ultimate reason for doing their best.“Whether you are rich or poor, great orhumble, God calls you into active service forHim. It will be by doing with your mightwhat your hands find to do that you willdevelop talent and aptitude for thework.” (9 Testimonies, p. 129) Eachchild’s best is different and valuableto God.By the time children reach the Builder level,they will be thoroughly familiar with the Adventurer Pledge and Law. They should have hadmany opportunities to discuss and applyA D V E N T U R E R P L E D G Ethem to their dailylives. Explaining thePledge to anotherecause Jesus loves me, I willperson will helpalways do my best.children think moredeeply and clearlyabout it.B Teaching TipsA D V E N T U R E R L A W Review thepledge and lawJesus can help me to:in a way thatwill inspire thee obedient Be attentivechildren tounderstand itBe pureBe helpfuland strive toBe trueBe cheerfulfulfill it. RelatedBible stories,Be kindBe thoughtfulsongs, and textsBe respectful Be reverentfor discussionare suggested inthe ResourceList at the end of the Builder section. Each Builder may choose one person suchas a leader, family member, youngerBClass Color:Dark Blue109

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L Adventurer or friend to explain thePledge to. Repeat the Pledge and Law at everyAdventurer meeting. Refer to the pledgeat appropriate times during the course ofother activities. Thus it will become apart not only of the children’s rotememory but also of their daily thoughts,actions and choices.EvaluationThe children will repeat the AdventurerPledge and Law and explain the steps.II. ReinforcementRequirementEarn the Builder Reading AwardBackground InformationThe Builder Reading Award is awarded tochildren who read:1. Three chapters from the book of Acts ina modern translation2. A Bible story book or a book aboutJesus3. A book on health or safety4. A book on family, friends or feelings5. A book on history or missions6. A book on natureThe Builder reading requirements are directedspecifically toward the topics the children willbe covering in the Adventurer curriculum. RESOURCEL I S TBasic TrackI. Pledge and LawA. Bible Stories and TextsGenesis 39-41Joseph and PotipharMatt. 25:14-30Parable of the TalentsEcclesiastes 9:10 “Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do ”Luke 16:10“He that is faithful in that which is least ”Colossians 3:23 “Whatsoever you do, do it heartily ”B. Songs1. Sing for Joy (Review and Herald Publishing Association)“The Wise May Bring Their Learning” . 148“I Want to Be” . 1242. Kids Sing Praise (Brentwood Publishing)“With My Whole Heart” . 69C. Ellen G. White Quotes“Never underestimate the importance of little things. Littlethings supply the actual discipline of life. It is by them thatthe soul is trained that it may grow into the likeness ofChrist, or bear the likeness of evil.” Child Guidance, pages129, 130.“Be faithful. Put your heart into your work. Imitate none whoare slothful, and who give divided service So long as youundervalue the importance of faithfulness in the little duties,your character-building will be unsatisfactory.” Messages toYoung People, page 148.110Teaching Tips Many good storybooks are available thatdeal with the topics listed above in atruthful and sympathetic way. Read anynew book carefully to determinewhether it is appropriate for the Builderage group and upholds Christian beliefsand standards. (More detailed criteriaare provided in Appendix.) A simple reading motivator can be madeby adding a new link to a reading chaineach time a book is completed. Photocopy links on colored paper and allowspace for the name of the book, the topicand the child’s name. Join the links toeach other in the manner of a real chainor cut them in a special shape (such assmiley faces, etc., to fit a theme) andpost them on a wall to stretch around theroom. (See Appendix for examples.) Reading lists may be distributed at thebeginning of the summer so books maybe completed over the summer months. A parent, teacher, leader, older Adventurer, Pathfinder, or grandparent mayread to the Builder, if necessary.EvaluationThe children will turn in lists, signed by anadult, giving the name and topic of each bookread.

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R My GodI. His Plan to Save MeRequirementsA. Create a story chart or booklet showingthe order in which these stories tookplace: Paul Martin Luther Ellen White YourselfORthe Bible stories you are studyingin your classroom or SabbathSchool.B. Use your story chart or booklet to showsomeone how to give one’s life to Jesus.Background InformationThe Builder requirement expands upon thebasic understandings of salvation that werepresented at the Sunbeam level. Throughoutthe Adventurer classwork, beginning with theBusy Bee, the children have been encouragedto make decisions for Jesus. At the earliestlevels, children were encouraged to choose tobe thankful for Jesus’ watchcare and to obeyHis good rules. Later they learned to choose tolet Jesus rescue them from sin by asking forHis forgiveness and accepting His help to dobetter.Most Builders have reached a level wherethey are ready to accept Christ as theirpersonal Savior and commit their lives toHim. Whether or not they have already doneso, they need to review the steps that informtheir decision. This requirement emphasizesthe central importance of giving one’s life toJesus and helps children understand how thiscan be done.Some simple steps may be outlined forthem to follow in giving their lives to Jesus.Steps to Jesus1. Recognize GOD’S LOVE for them.(1 John 4:8)2. Admit THEIR NEED; all have sinnedand deserve to die. (Romans 3:23,Revelation 21:27, John 8:21,24)3. JESUS is the WAY. The sinless Son ofGod died for our sin. He is the only wayto heaven. (John 3:16,I Corinthians 15:3, 4)4. Help them RECEIVE JESUS. Theyadmit their need and ask forgiveness.They state their belief in Jesus and askHim into their lives. (John 1:12, Revelation 3:20)5. Give them ASSURANCE that they areGod’s children and have a place inheaven. (John 3:36, 3:16, 1:2)Each of the stories used on the builder’s storychart provides an example of how a Biblecharacter has committed his/her life to Jesus.The experience of Paul, in his conversion,demonstrates how dramatically a commitmentto Jesus Christ can change one’s life. UntilPaul discovered who Jesus really was, he wasdedicated to doing things that were harmfuland cruel (even though he thought they wereright). When Paul met Jesus on the road toDamascus, he recognized his mistakeand was very sorry for what he haddone. He chose to be baptized inorder to show his decision to die tohis old life and to live a new life forJesus. Because Paul chose tobelieve in Jesus and to live forHim, Jesus changed Paul. Paulbecame one of His greatestwitnesses.The Philippian jailer sawthat Paul and Silas seemed tobe happier and kinder thananyone he had ever met. Hewas impressed by the waythey behaved in the jailand asked them why theyacted that way. Paul andSilas told him all aboutJesus and how He hadhelped them to becomegood and happy. The jailerdecided that he wanted tobelong to Jesus, too. Hewas baptized and, instead ofhurting Paul and Silasagain, he cared for theirwounds and listenedcarefully to what they had tosay.111

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L The stories of Martin Luther and EllenWhite show that God’s interest in the peopleof earth did not end with the New Testament.Both experienced a conversion to Jesus Christ.They stood firmly for Him through manydifficult trials to make great contributions toGod’s work of preparing people for Hiscoming. (Stories from the classroom orSabbath School Bible curriculum may bechosen to emphasize these same concepts, ifyou prefer.)The story chart activity gives the childrenan understanding of how these stories, andhow our own personal stories, fit into the spanof history since Jesus lived on earth. Thesestories illustrate the experiences of: 1) theNew Testament church; 2) the church of theMiddle Ages; 3) the beginnings of theAdventist church; and 4) the child’s personalplace in history. This brings us back to thesecond coming of Jesus that was introduced atthe Busy Bee level, which may be reviewedand reappreciated here.Teaching Tips Follow the description at the end of theteaching tips for the Bible story chart.(A similar chart, relating to the storiescovered in the classroom or SabbathSchool, may be made by following thesame basic instructions and insertingpictures from other sources.) The story chart may be used in threedifferent ways:1. Place the pictures on a large wallstory chart, adding each newpicture as you tell the story. Thechildren may refer to this chart asthey work on their own chart(s)and as they learn about otherstories from the Bible and fromhistory.2. Children may also color thepictures and use the stories andlabels to create their own storycharts or story chart booklets.112 In the first presentation, use the Biblestory chart to give an overview of thebattle between good and evil and toshow how the Builder stories fit into thatbattle.1. Review the sections of historycovered in Busy Bee (creation andJesus’ second coming), andSunbeam (life, death, and resurrection of Jesus). The pictures andlabels describing these events maybe placed on the story chart inblack and white.2. Color the new Builder picturesand add them to the story chart asyou briefly describe how they fitinto God’s plan of salvation.Briefly discuss the stories andpictures from these levels. After giving children an overview of theBible story chart, deal with the stories inmore detail by spending one or moreworships or class periods working witheach story. Help the children to identifywith each Bible character and tounderstand the steps that the characterswent through as they committed theirlives to Jesus. Participation in a skit can help thechildren become more personallyinvolved in the Bible story. An impromptu skit may be enacted byallowing children to take the parts of thevarious characters and acting andspeaking in the way they feel thecharacter would have done. Present theskit immediately or practice severaltimes. A prepared skit may also be usedin which the children practice reading orlearning the lines. Props may be assimple or complex as desired. The children may also prepare a“newspaper” from the time in which thestory took place. Some may writearticles from different perspectives (e.g.,a head priest, a soldier, or a Christianwriting about Paul’s conversion). Othersmay prepare pictures, articles, advertisements, etc., that fit in with that time andplace.

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R The primary focus of these stories is tohelp and encourage the children to givetheir lives to Jesus. Not all will be readyor willing to commit their lives at thistime, but the children should understandwhat it means and how they can do so.Do not pressure them to make a decisionbefore they are ready. To help them dothis:1. Pray yourself for the Holy Spirit’sleading.2. Take the children through theSteps to Jesus on page 99.3. Ask the children if they would liketo make a decision to give theirlives to Jesus. If so, ask them ifthey would stay and talk to youafter class.4. Take children individually throughthe steps of receiving Jesus. Helpthem pray their own prayer, tellingGod that they admit their need,ask forgiveness, state their belief,and ask Jesus into their life.5. Many children will find it easier totake this step if they have previously made private, inner decisions. They now follow up bymaking their decision public— bytelling a parent, a leader, and theirpastor. They may start planning tojoin a baptismal class. (But avoidhurrying them into the tankwithout adequate preparation.)6. Plan to review the Steps to Jesusmore than once. The children may share their skits ornewspapers with other individuals orwith groups during a club or classroomworship or Sabbath School specialfeature.EvaluationThe children will place the pictures and labelscorrectly on the Bible story chart. They willtell how they used their story chart or bookletto show someone else how to give his/her lifeto Jesus.113

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L STEPBYSTEPMaking a Bible Story ChartThe Bible Story Chart will help children understand Biblehistory by experiencing it visually and actively. A simplemethod for making a basic story chart is described below.It is designed for use within the smaller pictures and labelsprovided. The measurements may need to be larger if youdesire to use larger pictures.Materials Eight sheets of 9" x 12" purple construction paper Two sheets of 9" x 12" yellow construction paper Rubber cement or craft glue Pictures provided on the following pages or collected to illustrate the stories studied in the classroom or Sabbath School Clear contact paper or laminating filmDirections1. Glue the purple paper together end to end to make along, narrow length of paper, as illustrated on thefollowing page. The six sheets represent the 6,000years of Biblical history. The dark color representsthe earth suffering from evil and sin.2. Next, glue one sheet of yellow paper to each end ofthe purple paper. Yellow represents the time of joyand happiness before sin entered, and the timewhen Jesus comes again to destroy sin and take usto heaven. Cut the yellow sheets in a wavy line.This shows that time continues forever in bothdirections.3. Copy the smaller pictures, labels and storiesprovided. Color them, cut them out, and mountthem on heavier paper.4. The chart may now be hung on the wall or used inpresenting or practicing the story. The story chartand its parts may be laminated or covered withclear contact paper to allow children to manipulateit freely without fear of damage.5. The children may create their own smaller charts inthis way. They may use smaller dimensions. Thediagram on the next page shows how the stories foreach year fit together on the story chart to make awhole.6. Large pictures are located in the appendix section atthe end of the manual.Four Year Composite Wall ChartBusy BeeSunbeamBuilderHelping Hand114

God’s ChurchDisobeysMany people began to disobey whatJesus taught in the Bible. But MartinLuther was excited when he readwhat the Bible really said aboutGod’s love and forgiveness.The Disciples ShareJesus’ LoveThe disciples shared Jesus’ love witheveryone. Because Paul and Silaswere so joyful and kind, thePhilippian jailer decided to live forJesus, too.C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R 115

116Over 150 years ago, people whowere studying their Bibles realizedthat Jesus would come very soon.They began to get ready to meet Him.God gave Ellen White special dreamsto help them.God’s ChurchPrepares for HisComingGetsReady to MeetJesusA D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R II. His Message to MeRequirementA. Find, memorize, and explain three Bibleverses about giving your life to Jesus. Acts 16:31 John 1:12 Galatians 3:26 2 Corinthians 5:17 Psalms 51:10 Your choiceB. Name the books of the New Testament.Background InformationThe memory verses listed in this requirementhave been chosen to reinforce the HelpingHand’s understanding of the basic concepts ofChristian living: 1) I want to obey God andescape from evil; 2) I can commit my life toJesus and He will forgive and help me; 3) I domy best to live for Him, and He is alwaysthere to forgive and help me when I ask; and4) I am becoming the person He wants me tobe. Other verses that cover these concepts mayalso be used to meet this requirement. (See theResource List at the end of this section.)Learning the books of the Old Testamentcompletes the Adventurer’s memorization ofthe Bible books. The Helping Hands will bedealing with these books as they work withtheir Bible verses and the story chart.Teaching Tips The memory verses may be chosen bythe child with the help of the leader.Read and discuss each verse beforechoosing three verses that will be mosthelpful to the child at this point in his/her experience with Jesus. The foremostgoal in learning the memory verse is forthe child to understand its meaning andits application to his/her life. As the child repeats the memory verse,ask him/her to explain what it teacheshim/her about how to live for Jesus. A wide variety of techniques forteaching the memory verses are explained in the “My God” section of theAppendix. Refer to the Scriptures frequently whileworking with the Bible story chart. Inthis way memorization of the OldTestament will be made simpler andmore meaningful.EvaluationThe children will find, repeat, and explain theBible verses and name the books of the OldTestament.III. His Powerin My LifeRequirementsA. Spend a regular quiet time with Jesus totalk with Him and learn about Him.B. Ask three people why they are glad tobelong to Jesus.Background InformationIf a child learns at an early age to set asidedaily time for private devotions, and if he/sheis helped to make this a habit, it will be easierto avoid that long uphill battle which mostChristians face in making a habit of findingtime for God.Because families have widely differingschedules and levels of commitment, andbecause children have differing levels ofability and interest, the requirement leaves thefrequency, length and format of these “quiettimes” open. These factors can be decidedupon by the child in consultation with a parentor leader ranging from the ideal of dailymorning and evening devotions to a minimumof weekly Sabbath School, or club worship forthose who are unable to participate in anyother way. In the beginning, a parent or otheradult will need to spend the quiet time with thechild, teaching him/her how to enjoy spendingtime with Jesus.117

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L There are many different ways in whichchildren learn more about Jesus. By listeningto other Christians talk about their experienceswith Bible Study, the children can see that Heis an important person to real people andbecome aware of some of the ways they canfind to live for Him.Teaching Tips Present the importance of privatedevotions after the child has becomeacquainted with Jesus’ love and plan forhim/her. Establishing a habit of spending time with Jesus as a friend requiresdedicated guidance and supervisionfrom both parents and leaders. Ideas for teaching parents about quiettime for children are provided in the“My God” section of the Appendix,along with several suggestions forplanning family worships. The Adventurer leader can encourageprivate devotions by:a. Sharing some of his/her ownexperiences with private devotionsb. Talking of the benefits of a regularquiet timec. Providing frequent occasions forchildren to discuss their experiencesd. Frequently discussing times,places and methods for enjoyingthe quiet timee. Making available a wide variety ofdevotional readingf. Helping and encouraging parentsto assist their child in regularprivate (and family) devotions. The children or the leader may inviteseveral adults to come in and talk aboutwhy they are thankful to be Christians.Keep it short (5 to 10 minutes). Afterwards, discuss the speaker’s ideas. Thechildren can make a chart showing whatthey learn from each person. Or eachchild may write his/her question(s) on acard and talk to the people of his/herchoice.EvaluationThe children will present and discuss theirquiet time commitment cards and talk aboutwhat they have learned about the joy of livingfor Jesus.118

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R RESOURCEL I S TMy God TrackI. His Plan to Save MeA. Other Bible Stories About Joining God’s FamilyJohn 3NicodemusActs 8Philip and the EthiopianEze. 37:1-14Ezekiel and the bonesB. Songs About the Assigned Stories1. Sing for Joy“Saints of God” . 612. Kids Sing Praise“Zacchaeus Was a Very Little Man” . 73C. Books and Materials About the Assigned Stories1. AdultIngle, Clifford, Children and Conversion(Broadman)Children’s Bible Lessons. Seven basic colorful Biblestudies. General Conference Church Ministries).New Testament Maps and Charts (Standard).2. ChildrenThe Day Betty Was Born, The Only Way Out, Samand the Scarecrow. Flannelgraph stories on thesteps of salvation (Bible Club Ministries).II. His Message to MeA. Other Bible Texts About Joining God’s FamilyEzekiel 36:26, 27 “A new heart also will I giveyou ”John 1:12, 13“But as many as received Him, tothem gave He Power to become thesons of God ”Hebrews 10:16, 17 “I will put My laws into theirhearts ”Revelation 3:20 “Behold, I stand at the door andknock ”B. Songs About Joining God’s Family1. Sing for Joy“From the Darkness Came Light” . 53“Redeemed!” . 68“Give Your Heart to Jesus” . 118“I Have Decided” . 119“Right Now” .123“Into My Heart” . 125“You Must Open the Door” . 1282. Kids Sing Praise“Grace Is Bigger” . 60“Amazing Grace” . 62C. Ellen G. White Quotes“[The children] must understand distinctly whatthey must do to be saved.” Counsels to ParentsTeachers and Students, p. 168.“ Very young children may have a correct viewof their state as sinners and of the way ofsalvation through Christ.” Child Guidance, p.491.“Teach them that the Saviour is calling them.”Desire of Ages, p. 517.III. His Power in My LifeA. Bible Stories and TextsJohn 17:13“They might have My joyfulfilled in themselves I John 5:11-13“He that hath the Son hath life ”B. Songs1. Sing for Joy“Think of a World Without Any Flowers” . 60“I’m So Happy” . 65“Soon and Very Soon” . 892. Kids Sing Praise“Climb, Climb Up Sunshine Mountain” . 43“Standing in the Need of Prayer” . 64C. Ellen G. White Quotes“Teach them to look to God for strength. Tell themthat He hears their prayers . . . Lead them tounite with God, and then they will have strengthto resist the strongest temptation.” ChildGuidance, pp. 172, 173.“In every Christian home God should be honoredby the morning and evening sacrifices of prayerand praise. Children should be taught to respectand reverence the hour of prayer.” Counsels toParents and Teachers, page 110.“Jesus knows the needs of children, and He loves tolisten to their prayers. Let the children shut outthe world and everything that would attract thethoughts from God; and let them feel that theyare alone with God Then, children, ask God todo for you those things that you cannot do foryourselves. Tell Jesus everything When youhave asked for the things that are necessary foryour soul’s good, believe that you receive them,and you shall have them.” Adventist Home, p.299.Continued on page 120.119

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L RESOURCEL I S TMy God Track (continued)D. Books and Materials1. AdultWhite, E. G., Education, pp. 253-261 (Pacific Press Publishing Association).Ibid, Messages to Young People, pp. 247-253 (Pacific PressPublishing Association).120

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R My SelfI. I Am SpecialRequirementPut together a scrapbook, poster, or collageshowing some things you can do to serve Godand others.Background InformationChildren gain a sense of self-worth andmeaning in their lives when they know thatthey are important and needed. Each child hasa contribution to make to the world. Ananalogy can be made to the parts of the humanbody or the notes in a musical score. Everypart is of vital importance. Without the uniquecontribution of each part, the “whole” wouldbe incomplete and unable to function properly.God gives each child the ability to act inloving and caring ways. Some types ofservice, such as courtesy, encouraging words,willingness to help with tasks, a simple smileor standing for what is right, are available tous all. Other types of service are done best bythose gifted with particular talents, such astutoring in math, fixing a broken toy orcreating artwork. Thinking about ways ofserving others can be of great value to thechildren, molding their minds to think as Jesusdid.photograph scenes of various ways theycan be of service. Provide note paper for the children towrite “happygrams” or appreciationnotes for acts of helpfulness and servicethey have observed in each other. Thesemay be written throughout the day andread together at the end of the Adventurer time or done as a group with eachchild writing a note to each of the otherchildren and then exchanging them. The scrapbook, collage, or poster maycontain photographs, appreciation notes,drawings and written descriptions ofways the children can be of service. Ifdone well, the children will treasurethese projects for years to come.EvaluationThe child will make a scrapbook.Teaching Tips The “Resource List” at the end of theBuilder section contains stories, songs,and texts that may be used in motivatingchildren to recognize the importance ofChristian service. Together, list various ways to be ofservice to God and others. Encouragethe children to search for new ways theycan be involved in service. Let childrenchoose several ways to illustrate theirprojects. They may want to create aclass display or to work on their ownprojects individually. The children may use a simple camerato add excitement as children “catcheach other” in acts of service OR theymay work together to set up and121

A D V E N T U R E R M A N U A L II. I Can Make WiseChoicesIII. I Can Carefor My BodyRequirementsEarn the Media Critic Adventurer Award.RequirementEarn the Temperance Adventurer Award.Background InformationIn order to earn the Media Critic AdventurerAward, the children will complete the requirements listed below. Additional informationmay be found in the Awards section of thismanual.Background InformationIn order to earn the Temperance AdventurerAward, the children will complete the requirements listed below. Additional informationmay be found in the Awards section of thismanual. Information about the President’s andthe Canadian Physical Fitness Tests may befound in the “My Self” section of the Appendix.Media CriticAdventurer Award1. Explain what is meant bythe term “media.” Cite fourexamples.2. Memorize Philippians 4:8. Discuss threeprinciples that help us form goodreading, viewing and listening habits.3. Keep a log of the time you spend eachday with the different types of media.Note whether the media is Christcentered or secular. Do this for twoweeks.4. Do one of the following with an adult:a. Watch televisionb. Read a storyc. Listen to a recordingBecome a “media critic” and discuss themerits of each of the above.5. With an adult, use a television guide,book club listing, etc., to choose whatyou will read or watch next week.6. After your teacher reads the beginningof a short story, make up your ownending.122TemperanceAdventurer Award1. Read and discuss 1Corinthians 6:19, 20 and 1Corinthians 3:17.2. What is meant by “drug” abuse andtemperance?3. Talk to a doctor/nurse or discuss with anadult the use and effects of tobacco,alcohol, and drugs,ORWatch and discuss a film or video on thedangers of using any of the above.4. Tell why some people choose to smoke,drink alcohol or use drugs. Tell how wecan choose not to use them ourselves.5. Plan a skit or play encouraging others tosay “NO” and perform it with yourgroup.6. Design an anti-smoking, anti-drug, oranti-alcohol slogan and paint it on aT-shirt,ORCreate a poster or illustration showingthe dangers of drug abuse.

C H A P T E R F I V E B U I L D E R 7. Identify two famous people or athleteswho are the best in their area and tellwhy they do not use tobacco, drugs, oralcohol,ORInterview two people you know wholive happily and healthfully withoutusing tobacco, drugs, or alcohol, anddiscuss with them their reasons for beingtemperate.8. Participate in a recognized fitne

Three chapters from the book of Acts in a modern translation 2. A Bible story book or a book about Jesus 3. A book on health or safety 4. A book on family, friends or feelings 5. A book on history or missions 6. A book on nature The Builder reading requirements are directed specifically t