Transcription
Proposed Heavy-Duty Inspectionand Maintenance RegulationBoard HearingDecember 9, 20211
PresentationOutline BackgroundCARB’s Existing Heavy-Duty Inspection Programsand Senate Bill 210Staff ProposalBenefits and Costs45-Day Comments and Proposed 15-Day ChangeStaff Recommendation2
California’s Air Quality Challenges 70% of Californians still breatheunhealthful airKey challenges: Ozone and PM 2.5: San JoaquinValley and South Coast Equitable benefits for disadvantagedcommunities HD trucks remain one of the largestemissions contributors in the state 52% of NOx from on-road sources 54% of PM from on-road sources3
HD I/M is Critical for SIP Attainment State Implementation Plan (SIP)statewide strategy: largest near-termNOx reduction measure Largest NOx emission reduction measuresince 2008 Truck and Bus RegulationSan Joaquin Valley region: 6.8 tpdNOx reduction from HD I/M includedin 2024 SIP commitmentSouth Coast region: 60% NOxreduction beyond current programsby 20314
CARB’s Heavy-Duty Vehicle ProgramsAdvanced CleanTechnologiesManufacturer Engine &Vehicle Requirements Advanced technology demos Advanced technology regulations Financial incentive and loan programs New engine standards and certification On-board diagnostics (OBD) Warranty and in-use complianceIn-Use Truck Rules Exhaust retrofits Accelerated vehicle turnoverVehicle InspectionPrograms Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program (HDVIP) Periodic Smoke Inspection Program (PSIP)5
PresentationOutline BackgroundCARB’s Existing Heavy-Duty Inspection Programsand Senate Bill 210Staff ProposalBenefits and Costs45-Day Comments and Proposed 15-Day ChangeStaff Recommendation6
CARB’s Existing Inspection Programs HDVIP: Heavy-Duty VehicleInspection Program Roadside inspectionsPSIP: Periodic Smoke InspectionProgram Annual self-testing for Californiafleets of 2 vehicles 5% opacity limit for vehicles withdiesel particulate filters (DPFs)Existing inspection programsinadequate for monitoring moderndiesel engines7
Senate Bill 210 2019: Senate Bill (SB) 210 authored by Senator and Board MemberLeyvaDirects CARB to develop and implement a new, comprehensive HDI/M program Target malfunctioning vehicles with high emissions Require all vehicles operating in California to comply Link HD I/M compliance to California DMV registration Maintain compliance certificate Authorize CHP to enforce HD I/M requirements Assess compliance fees to support program administration8
PresentationOutline BackgroundCARB’s Existing Heavy-Duty Inspection Programsand Senate Bill 210Staff ProposalBenefits and Costs45-Day Comments and Proposed 15-Day ChangeStaff Recommendation9
HD I/M Purpose Revamp existing inspectionprograms Ensure emissions control systemsare functioning properly Ensure quick repair ofmalfunctioning parts Ensure high compliance rates anda level playing field10
Major HD I/M Program ElementsEnhancing Identification & Repair ofMalfunctioning Parts Expanded applicability to all fleets, including owner-operatorsRevamped compliance tests (On-Board Diagnostics)More frequent periodic testingRemote Emissions Monitoring Devices (REMD)Improved Enforcement Tools Compliance certificate and link to DMV registrationTester training and referee networkFreight contractor/ facility requirementsImproved coordination with other agencies11
Vehicle Applicability Non-gasoline HDVs operating inCalifornia 14,000 lbs In-state, out-of-state/country Includes owner-operators Limited exemptions in SB 210 Gasoline HDVs 14,000 lbs inBAR’s Smog Check program12
Revamped Vehicle Compliance Testsfor HD I/MOBD-equipped vehicles: OBD data scan Identifies emissions-related component malfunctions Identifies NOx-related malfunctionsNon-OBD vehicles: Smoke opacity test procedure (SAE J1667) Vehicle emissions control equipment inspection13
What is OBD? First established by CARB in 1994 asinspection and maintenance tool forlight- and medium-duty vehicles Monitors the performance of allemissions-related components formalfunctions Monitors the emissions systems inuse for the life of the vehicle/engine14
Compliance Testing for OBD Vehicles Applicable to vehicles with 2013 and newer model yearengines Testing technology options designed for minimal disruptions: Telematics service providers Original equipment manufacturers or third-parties Utilization of existing equipment on the vehicle “Set it and forget it” Hand-held OBD data scan tools15
Periodic Vehicle Compliance Testing Frequency: 2x per year compliance testing for most vehicles Cost effective while meeting program emissions reduction needs 1x per year for California-registered motor homes andagricultural vehicles Compliance deadlines based on: DMV registration date for California-registered vehicles Last number of VIN for out-of-state registered vehicles Submit passing compliance test within 90 days of deadline16
Remote Emissions Monitoring Devices Identify high-emitting vehicles andpursue follow-up compliance testing High emitters conduct OBD oropacity testing and repairs Mobile and stationary platforms Benefits Out-of-state vehicle enforcement Identifying regions of noncompliance17
Ensuring Enforceable Requirements Compliance certificates linked toDMV registration Improve accountability andaccuracy of reporting Freight contractor/facilityrequirements Enhanced field inspectioncoordination18
Compliance Certificate Requirements All vehicles must have a valid compliance certificate to legallyoperate in California Criteria to obtain a compliance certificate: Compliant with testing requirements No outstanding enforcement actions Pay annual compliance fee DMV registration block placed on California-based vehiclesthat have not demonstrated compliance CHP checking for compliance certificates for in-state and outof-state vehicles19
Improving Accountability and Accuracyof ReportingTester Training Training required to perform HD I/M compliance tests Online training course on HD I/M requirements and testingReferee Network Third-party inspection and verification Flexibility to handle novel compliance scenariosParts Unavailability Compliance Time Extension Compliance extension request process when emissions control componentsfor needed repairs are unavailable20
Freight Contractors and ApplicableFreight Facilities Compliance certificate verificationand recordkeeping requirements Freight Contractors Brokers Applicable Freight Facilities Consistent with existingrequirements Encourages compliance21
Close Coordination with other StateAgencies California Highway Patrol Ensure vehicles have compliancecertificate Perform inspections DMV registration tied to compliance Establishing inspection locationswith CDFA, Caltrans, and CHP22
Truck Owner PerspectivePassthroughREMDNetwork Screening tool to identify high emitters Follow-up testing if identifiedObtain aComplianceCertificateCollaboratewith Testing Required to operate in CA Requires payment of compliance feeper vehicle Verified by CARB, CHP, and FreightContractors/ Facilities Provide a compliance certificateprior to doing business Submit 2 tests per year for most vehicles Maintain/ repair vehicle and emissions controlcomponents if necessary23
HD I/M Implementation:Proposed Phase-In First Phase – Begins January 1, 2023 High-emitter vehicle screening and follow up compliance testing Second Phase – Begins no earlier than July 1, 2023* Link to California DMV registration Compliance certificate enforcement Freight contractor/facility verifications start Third Phase (Full Implementation) – Begins no earlier thanJanuary 1, 2024* Periodic compliance testing*These dates are estimates and may shift based on procurement, database implementation, etc.24
PresentationOutline BackgroundCARB’s Existing Heavy-Duty Inspection Programsand Senate Bill 210Staff ProposalBenefits and Costs45-Day Comments and Proposed 15-Day ChangeStaff Recommendation25
Benefits in Disadvantaged Communities Mobile remote emissionsmonitoring devices to be deployedin communities where air qualityattainment goals are most urgent Opportunities to establishlocations for use of free testingdevices to increase compliancerates in disadvantagedcommunities26
Estimated Emission Benefits(tons/day) Statewide reductions in key SIP years:YearNOx (tons/day)Diesel PM (tons/day)20236.40.07203171.60.66203781.30.70 Largest NOx emission reduction measure since the Board firstapproved the Truck and Bus Regulation in 200827
Statewide Lifetime Health lmonary Mortality7,500Cardiovascular Hospitalizations1,120Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations1,400Emergency Room Visits3,500 Lifetime HD I/M benefits value (2020 ): 75.8 billion28
Cost of the Proposed Regulation (2020 ) HD I/M regulation estimatedto cost 4.12 billion from 2023through 2050 1.84/pound of NOx reduced 62.3/pound of PM reduced Health benefits valuation of 75.8 billion is 18 timesexpected costsTotalcost 4.12BTotal healthbenefits 75.8B29
PresentationOutline BackgroundCARB’s Existing Heavy-Duty Inspection Programsand Senate Bill 210Staff ProposalBenefits and Costs45-Day Comments and Proposed 15-Day ChangeStaff Recommendation30
45-Day Comment Period andProposed 15-Day Change Nine comment letters submitted Main comments Request for increasing periodic testing frequency to four timesper year Request to extend parts unavailability compliance extension toall fleets Proposed 15-day change Revised parts unavailability compliance extension to allowaccess for all fleets31
Staff Recommendation Approve Resolution 21-29 with proposed 15-day change Continued staff outreach and engagement to help foster asuccessful program32
Proposed Heavy-Duty Inspection and Maintenance Regulation Board Hearing December 9, 2021. 1 . In-Use Truck Rules Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program (HDVIP) . Monitors the emissions syste
