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Steel Grades, Propertiesand Global StandardsOutokumpuOutokumpu is the world’s leading stainless steel producer. TheGroup combines cost-efficient production with a global sales anddistribution network and offers customers one of the broadestproduct ranges on the market.Outokumpu’s focus is exclusively on stainless steel and highperformance alloys and the company strive for product development in close cooperation with customers. Because we believe ina world that lasts forever.DataThe data in this publication are from the latest EN and ASTMstandards or drafts. They are complemented with Outokumputypical values, generally for hot rolled plate, 10–20 mm, transversedirection and a standard test method.Materials data for other products forms and fabricated conditions are available in separate brochures.Stainless steel products from OutokumpuTable 1ProductCodeHot rolled plate QuartoPHot rolled coil and sheetHCold rolled coil and sheetCBarBRod coilRSemi-finished (bloom, billet, ingot, slab)SPipeTDUPROF , High strength profilesDStainless steelstandardsNational standards within Europe are now being superseded by EN,and the global stainless steel market will be based on EN, ASTMand JIS standards.Outokumpu supports further harmonisation of data and document structures within ISO to improve quality and efficiency oftechnical communication and facilitate growth of the total stainless steel market.Harmonised standards and new designations are gradually beingimplemented in our systems. This overview is a guideline. It will beupdated continuously.ContentsSteel grades, chemical composition, products:Traditional steel designations2-5Mechanical properties, room temp.6-7Mechanical properties, elevated temp.8-9Mechanical properties, low temp.; Design codes10Schaeffler diagram and microstructures11Physical properties12-13Fabrication and use characteristics14-15Ordering and classification principles16Steel and product conditions. Product properties, test methods 17Stainless steel material standards18Microstructure characterisation, test methods; Acronyms19Manufactured productsSteel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 1
Steel grades, chemical composition and productsOutokumpusteel nameTable 2International steel designationENTypical chemical composition, %ASTMUNSJISCNCrNiMoProductsOthersFERRITIC �0.0211.50.540001.4000410SS41008SUS 430S43000SUS 520–––0.0216.2TiHCS45101.4510439S43035SUS 430LX0.0217TiHCS45091.4509–S43940–0.0218Ti NbHCS46071.46071–––0.0219Ti S43600–0.02171TiHCS45211.4521444S44400SUS 4440.02182Ti NbPHCSPHCSPHCS1.650.25TiHCSHCBRSHCSMARTENSITIC AND PRECIPITATION HARDENING GRADES40061.4006410S41000SUS 4100.1212PHCBRS40051.4005416S41600SUS 4160.101340211.4021420S42000SUS 00SUS 420J20.3012.5HCBS43131.4313–S41500SUS Ti6NM0.0312.54.145421.4542630S174003SUS –––0.514.845681.4568631S17700SUS 15700–0.0814.5S0.60.55PS3.4Cu NbBRSVHCS0.637HCS1Al17.52.2BRSRSHCS1.1AlCSFERRITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES47131.4713–––0.066.50.8Si 0.8AIPHCS47241.4724–––0.0712.51Si 0.9AIPHCS47361.4736–––0.0217.51.8Al TiHCS47421.4742–––0.0717.51Si 1APHCS47621.4762–––0.0823.51Si 1.5AIPHCSPHCBRSTAUSTENITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES49481.4948304HS30409SUS 3040.0518.18.348781.48782321H–SUS 3210.0517.39.1Ti153 MA 1.4818–S30415–0.051.3Si Ce48331.48332309S2S30908SUS 3090.060.1518.59.522.312.620122Si21111.6Si Ce48281.4828––SUH 3090.04253 MA 1.4835–S30815–0.0948451.48452310S2S31008SUS ignation according to Stahl Eisen Liste (register of European Steels). 2additional creep resisting grades are: 1.4941, 1.4950, 1.4951. 3also available as S15500.1153 MA and 253 MA are trademarks owned by Outokumpu.The grades listed in Tables 2-5 represent the Outokumpu steelprogramme. Other grades are also available. The Outokumpu steelnames are generic and cover corresponding steel numbers/names,which may not have the same chemical composition limits.2 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global StandardsMulticertification is available on request to EN/ASTM/ASME as wellas to superseded national standards.EN steel numbers are listed in: Stahl Eisen Liste. ASTM/ASMEsteel numbers are listed in: Metals & Alloys in the Unified NumberingSystem (UNS). ISO steel designation listed in ISO 15510.
Steel grade designations according to different standardsOutokumpusteel nameTable 3National designations superseded by ENISOBS/UKDIN/GermanyNF/FranceSS/SwedenGB/PR RRITIC GRADES4600–4512–409S 191.4512Z3 �––40004000-410-08-I403S171.4000Z8 –––40164016-430-00-I430S171.4016Z8 C1723201Cr17STS 43012X1745114511-430-71-I–1.4511Z4 4509-439-40-X–1.4509Z3 CT Nb 113-434-00-I434S ��––––45214521-444-00-I–1.4521Z3 CDT 18-022326–––Z10 C1323021Cr12STS 41012X13MARTENSITIC AND PRECIPITATION HARDENING -I416S211.4005Z11 CF13STS 416–4021-420-00-I420S291.4021Z20 C132380–2303Y1Cr1340212Cr13STS 420J120X1340314031-420-00-I420S451.4031Z33 C132304–––40344034-420-00-I–1.4034Z44 C14––––40284028-420-00-I420S451.4028Z33 C1323043Cr13STS 420J230X1343134313-415-00-I–1.4313Z6 CN 13-042385–––4542––1.4542Z7 CNU 16-04––––41164116-420-77-E–1.4116Z50 �––4568––1.4568Z9 CNA –––4574––1.4574–––––FERRITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE 77-I–1.4724Z13 ��47424742-430-77-I–1.4742Z12 CAS18––––47624762-445-72-I–1.4762Z12 CAS25––––AUSTENITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES49484948-304-09-I304S511.4948Z6 CN 18-0923331Cr18Ni9STS 30408X18H104878–321S511.4878Z6 CNT 18-1023371Cr18Ni9TiSTS 32108X18H10T153 MA -I309S161.4833Z15 CN 23-13–0Cr23Ni13STS 7 CNS 20-12–1Cr20Ni14Si2–253 MA -08-E310S161.4845Z8 CN .4841Z15 CNS 25-20–––20X25H2052PRODUCT CODES: P Hot rolled plate Quarto. H Hot rolled coiland sheet. C Cold rolled coil and sheet. B Bar. R Rod coil. S Semifinished (bloom, billet, ingot, slab). T Pipe. D DUPROF TM,profiles in high strength stainless steel.Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 3
Steel grades, chemical composition and products Outokumpusteel nameTable 4International steel designationENASTMUNSJISTypical chemical composition, %CNCrNiMoProductsOthersDUPLEX GRADESLDX 2101 1.4162–S32101–0.030.2221.51.50.35Mn uPHCBRSTDLDX 2404 1.4662*–S82441–0.020.27243.61.63Mn CuPHCBRST22051.4462–S32205SUS PHCBRSTDW CuPBRSTPHCBRSTAUSTENITIC GRADES43101.4310301S30100SUS 18301LNS30153SUS 46.8Mn43721.4372201S20100SUS 2010.050.207Mn43011.4301304S30400SUS 30453SUS 304LN0.0245411.4541321S32100SUS 32145501.4550347S3470043051.4305303S303007.9Mn .20.0417.39.1TiPHCBRSTSUS 3470.0517.59.5NbPHCBRSTSUS SUS 305J10.0417.712.543061.4306304LS30403SUS 304L0.0218.210.145671.4567–S30430SUS 01316S31600SUS 6316S31600SUS 0216.910.72.6PHCBRST44061.4406316LNS31653SUS 17.614.52.8HCS44291.4429–S31653SUS 7Cu 1.8MnHCSPHCBRSTPHCBRSTS45711.4571316TiS32100SUS 316Ti0.0416.810.92.1443531.44353316L–SUS 16.913.22.7PS31703SUS 317L0.0218.213.73.1PCBRSTPHCST0.18TiPPHCBRSTHIGH PERFORMANCE AUSTENITIC n 54 SMO 565–S34565–0.020.4524174.55.5MnPHCST654 SMO 1.4652–S32654–0.010.5024227.33.5Mn CuPCST*designation according to Stahl Eisen Liste (Register of European Steels). 1also available as EDX 2304 with enhanced properties. 2also available as S31803.3724L is a modifies version of 4435 for Urea applications. 4317LMN not available in all product forms. 5also available as N08367. 6also available as 317L with11.7% Ni which is not consistent with 1.4438.PRODUCT CODES: P Hot rolled plate Quarto. H Hot rolled coiland sheet. C Cold rolled coil and sheet. B Bar. R Rod coil.S Semifinished (bloom, billet, ingot, slab). T Pipe. D DUPROF TM,profiles in high strength stainless steel.4 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global StandardsLDX 2101 , EDX 2304 , LDX 2404 , 254 SMO , 654 SMO ,DUPROF are trademarks owned by Outokumpu.
Steel grade designations according to different standards Table 5National designations superseded by /PR ChinaKS/KoreaGOST/RussiaDUPLEX GRADESLDX 2101 I–1.4362Z3 CN 23-04 Az2327–––LDX 2404 462Z3 CND 22-05 Az237700Cr22Ni5Mo3NSTS 74410-327-50-E––Z3 CND 25-06 Az2328–STS 329J4L–301S211.4310Z11 CN 18-0823311Cr17Ni7STS 30107X16H6AUSTENITIC ��––––43184318-301-53-I––Z3 CN 18-07 Az––STS -I284S16–Z12 CMN 17-07 Az–1Cr17Mn6Ni5NSTS 201–43014301-304-00-I304S311.4301Z7 CN 18-0923330Cr18Ni9STS 30408X18H1043074307-304-03-I304S111.4307Z3 CN 18-10235200Cr19Ni10STS 304L03X18H1143114311-304-53-I304S611.4311Z3 CN 18-10 Az237100Cr18Ni10NSTS 304LN–45414541-321-00-I321S311.4541Z6 CNT 18-1023370Cr18Ni10TiSTS 32108X18H10T45504550-347-00-I347S311.4550Z6 CNNb 18-1023380Cr18Ni11NbSTS 34708X18H12Б43054305-303-00-I303S311.4305Z8 CNF S191.4303Z1 CN 18-1223331Cr18Ni12STS 30506X18H1143064306-304-03-I304S111.4306Z3 CN 18-10235200Cr19Ni10STS 304L03X18H1145674567-304-30-I4640304S171.4567Z3 CNU 18-09 4401-316-00-I316S311.4401Z7 CND 17-11-0223470Cr17Ni12Mo2STS 316–44044404-316-03-I316S111.4404Z3 CND 17-11-02234800Cr17Ni14Mo2STS -316-00-I316S331.4436Z7 CND 18-12-0323430Cr17Ni12Mo2STS 316–44324432-316-03-I316S131.4432Z3 CND 18-14-03235300Cr17Ni14Mo2STS 316L03X17H14M344064406-316-53-I316S611.4406Z3 CND 17-11 Az–00Cr17Ni12Mo2N STS 3-I316S631.4429Z3 CND 17-12 Az237500Cr17Ni13Mo2N STS 316LN–45714571-316-35-I320S311.4571Z6 CNDT 17-1223500Cr18Ni12Mo2TiSTS 316Ti08X17H13M2T44354435-316-91-I316S131.4435Z3 CND 18-14-03235300Cr17Ni14Mo2STS 316L03X17H14M33952––––––––Z3 CND 19-15-04236700Cr19Ni13Mo3STS 317L––HIGH PERFORMANCE AUSTENITIC -E–1.4439Z3 CND 18-14-05 4S131.4539Z2 NCDU 25-202562–STS 317J5L–254 SMO 45294565654 SMO ––4652-326-54-I–––––––Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 5
Mechanical properties, room temperatureOutokumpusteel nameTable 6Outokumpu typical valuesRp0.2Rp1.0RmA5MPaMPaMPa%EN, min. values, RTNo.ASTM, min. values, MPa%FERRITIC S43000b.p. boiling 0–––S42000–––62079515MARTENSITIC AND PRECIPITATION HARDENING .4574141233–––S42000––FERRITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE 5440555301.4762280–52015–AUSTENITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE 40153 70310610551.482823027055030–253 MA 5595551.484123027055030S3140020551540*to be established. annealed condition. quenched and tempered condition. max value. A80.12Outokumpu typical values apply for the product listed. Cold and hotrolled strip values are generally higher than plate and bar.EN/ASTM values: Mainly for hot rolled plate, transverse direction,from EN 10088, EN 10095, EN 10028-7, ASTM A 240, A 176 andASME Code Cases. Also values from EN 10269 and ASTM A 473.6 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards34EN min. values for cold rolled strip are 10 – 20 MPa higher. Hotrolled strip may on request be certified to the higher level.Conversion from EN to ASTM, ASME:1 MPa 0.1450 ksi1 J 0.7376 ft·lbf C 5/9 x ( F – 32) F 9/5 C 32
Mechanical properties, room temperatureOutokumpusteel nameTable 7Outokumpu typical valuesRp0.2Rp1.0RmA5MPaMPaMPa%EN, min. values, RTNo.ASTM, min. values, MPa%DUPLEX GRADESLDX 2101 670401.43624006302560S3230440060025LDX 307302060S32750550795152055154024055045 AUSTENITIC 1620––HIGH PERFORMANCE AUSTENITIC 05203560N0890422049035254 SMO 860601.46524304707504060S3265443075040654 SMO –max 31 mm for orders acc. to ASTM. 2A80.1Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 7
Mechanical properties, elevated temperaturesOutokumpusteel nameTable 8EN – min. Rp0.2, MPaMax. design stress for pressure equipment σ, MPaENNo.RT100200400 C–RT100––ASME VIII-1 (II D)200400 CNo.RT100200400 101128126120108FERRITIC �––190MARTENSITIC AND PRECIPITATION HARDENING ��––––––––––––AUSTENITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADESSteel name4948600700800900 C1.4948148781.4878853010EN Rm/100 000h, MPa6007008008928652210900 CASME max. design stress σ, 3 7.53S30909148281.4828802510465167.53–253 MA 04801873S3100914916648411.48419535104801873 1Rp1.0/10 000h, MPaENNo.900 C5S31400Creep resisting grades for pressure purposes listed in EN 10028-7 and ASME IID. In P850 condition. Depending on tempering condition.EN/ASME values: For hot rolled plate from EN 10028-7, EN 10088,EN 10095, ASME IID Tables 1A and 1B, and Code Cases.Outokumpu offers multi-certification of the grades 4307/4301and 4404/4401.23Max allowed values of the nominal design stressSteel typeEN 13445ASME VIIIFerritic, Mart.Duplexmin [Rp0.2T;1,5RmRT2,4] orRp0.2RT RmRTmin [;] or1,53,5min [AusteniticA 30%AusteniticA 35%min [min [max [8 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global StandardsRp1,0T1,5;1,2Rp1,0T1,5]1,5;RmT3,5]Rp0.2RT RmRTmin [;] or1,53,5]Rp1,0TRp0.2TRmT3,0] ormin [Rp0.2T1,1;RmT3,5]
Mechanical properties, elevated temperaturesOutokumpusteel nameTable 9EN – min. Rp0.2, MPaMax. design stress for pressure equipment σ, MPaENNo.RT100200400 CASME VIII-1 (II D)RT100200400 CNo.RT100200400 CDUPLEX GRADESLDX 2101 X ��–––––––––– AUSTENITIC –––––HIGH PERFORMANCE AUSTENITIC 5173167153103N0890414011495–254 ��1.4652430350315295––––S32654214214199178 4565654 SMO Not yet included in EN 10028-7, but European Approval of Materials, EAM-0045-01:2012/01, is available. 2Values according to code case No.: 2418.3Also available as N08367.1Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 9
Mechanical properties, low temperatures Outokumpusteel nameTable 10ENEN min. values, MPa and %No.–196 C–80 035From EN 10028-7 Annex E.Common design codes for stainless steel Table 11EN 13445Unfired pressure vesselsEN 13480Metallic industrial pipingEN 13458-2CCryogenic vessels. Annex C Pressure strengthening of vessels from austenitic stainless steelEN 12285-CTanks for underground storage. Annex C Positive liquid-list of material/liquid combinationsADRInternational carriage of dangerous goods by road (Accord européen. Dangereuses par Route)RIDInternational carriage of dangerous goods by rail (Règlement. International. Dangereuses)IMDGInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods codeUN ST/SG/AC.10/1Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods (United Nations)ENV 1993-1.4Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Supplementary rules for stainless steelENV 1090-6Execution of steel structures – Supplementary rules for stainless steelASME VIII-1ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeAD 2000Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druckbehälter RegelwerkCODAPCode Français de construction des Appareils à PressionBS 5500Unfired fusion welded pressure vesselsMicrostructuresFerriteDuplex (ferrite-austenite)Ferritic stainless steels have good corrosion resistance, in particular regarding stres corrosion cracking. Lower carbon and nitrogencontents improve both weldability and toughness which otherwisecan be limited.Duplex stainless steels have high strength, good toughnessand very good corrosion resistance, in particular regarding stresscorrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. These steels also havegood weldability and reasonable formability.MartensiteAusteniteThese stainless steels are characterized by high strength and highwear resistance. Corrosion resistance is limited and weldabilitydegrades with increasing strength, i.e. increasing carbon content.10 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global StandardsGood to excellent corrosion resistance combined with very goodweldability and formability characterise the austenitic stainlesssteels. The austenitic structure has good creep resistance and goodoxidation resistance that makes them useful at elevated temperatures. Austenitic steel can also be used in cryogenic applications andis, in the annealed condition, the only non-magnetic steel group.
Schaeffler diagram and microstructuresNickel equivalent %Ni 0.5 x %Mn 30 x (%C % N)NiCr21MoFeNb40654 SMO 3836340 FN2 FN4565322818 FNA254 SMO 48452422Martensite. Undercooled, oversaturatedsolution of carbon in ferrite, achieved byheat treatment or cold working.253 MA 20A F309MoL18437216A M1425074310430112Martensite8M6A4000Typical C-steelM F4401 MM F4003 468Parent materialDesigned fillersLDX 2101 2304100%Duplex (ferrite-austenite). Duplex stainlesssteels have high strength, good toughnessand very good corrosion resistance, especially towards stress corrosion cracking andcorrosion fatigue. These steels have alsogood weldability and reasonable formability.F45214016240%LDX 2404 220510212 FN904LAustenite2646 FN452930Ferrite (α-iron). Body centered cubic with 8atom neighbours. 68% packing.FerriteF10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32Chromium equivalent %Cr %Mo 1.5 x %Si 0.5 x %NbShaeffler diagramThe Schaeffler diagram, here a version modified by Outokumpu, istraditionally used to predict delta ferrite content in weld metal fromchemical composition. It may also be used to characterise stainless steel microstructures (ferritic, martensitic, austenitic), and tocompare the structural balance in similar grades or casts with thesame processing history.Austenite (γ -iron). Face centered cubic with12 atom neighbours. 74% close packing.Calculation of ferrite number, FNAOne common way to calculate the ferrite number, FNA, is by usingthe below formulas, whereF 1.55Si Cr Mo 2Ti 0.5NbA 30(C N) 0.5 Mn Ni 0.5(Cu Co)FNA 3.34F – 2.46A – 28.6 for FNA max. 5.9FNA 4.44F – 3.39A – 38.4 for FNA 6.0 to 11.9FNA 4.06F – 3.23A – 32.2 for FNA min. 12Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards - 11
Physical properties Outokumpusteel nameENTable 12Modulus ofelasticity, EGPaDensity, ρkg/dm3Non alloy steel1.0345Coefficient of thermalexpansion between20 C and T, 10-6/ CThermalconductivity, λW/m CThermalcapacity, cJ/kg CElectricalresistivity, ρμΩmMagnetizableRTRT400 C100 C400 CRT400 CRTRTRT7.821017512.014.055444600.18Y7.722019510.5 ERRITIC 300.80Y10.512.0304600.60YMARTENSITIC AND PRECIPITATION HARDENING Y45421.45427.820017010.9 .80Y45741.4574400 C1000 CRTFERRITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES500 C47131.47137.712.0 23254500.70Y47241.47247.711.5 7235001.10YAUSTENITIC HIGH TEMPERATURE GRADES500 C1000 C500 C1000 C500 C1000 C500 .48787.915818.420.521.65820.74153 MA 2018.420.020.527.55820.87253 MA 018.820.019.027.85820.96NOutokumpu typical values1Non alloy steel is added for comparison in Tables 12 to 15.Magnetizable: Y Magnetizable ferritic, martensitic, duplexgrades, N Non-magnetizable austenitic grades with a typicalmagnetic permeability μ 1.05 – 1.2.12 - Steel Grades, Properties and Global StandardsSmall amounts of ferrite or martensite from composition or colddeformation will increase the magnetizability. Data from EN 10088,EN 10095 or typical values.
Physical properties Outokumpusteel nameENTable 13Density, ρkg/dm3Non alloy steel1.0345Modulus ofelasticity, EGPaCoefficient of thermalexpansion between20 C and T, 10-6/ CThermalconductivity, λW/m CThermalcapacity, cJ/kg CElectricalresistivity, ρμΩmMagnetizableRTRT400 C100 C400 CRT400 CRTRTRT7.821017512.014.055444600.18YDUPLEX GRADESLDX 2101 017213.014.515205000.80YLDX 2404 USTENITIC 5N39521–7.92005000.75N16.515HIGH PERFORMANCE AUSTENITIC 16515.717.814904L1.45398.019516615.816.91218254 SMO 812184500.92N654 SMO 1.46528.019016415.016.28.65000.78NOutokumpu typical values1*Grades suitable for low permeability requirements, i.e.,
The grades listed in Tables 2-5 represent the Outokumpu steel programme. Other grades are also available. The Outokumpu steel names are generic and cover corresponding steel numbers/names, which may not have the same chemical composition limits. Multicertification is available on request to EN/ASTM/A
