WIXLIB

How to ManufactureDetergents(Detergent Manufacturing Business,Cleaning Products, Formulas, DetergentProduction Line, Detergent makingIngredients, Formulations of Detergent,Process, Synthetic Detergent Powder)

A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants s,asaconstituent of the overall FMCG industry, accounts for a near12% of the total demand for all FMCG products estimated atover Rs. 530 bn. Detergents, chemically known as alfa olefinsulphonates (AOS) are used as fabric brightening agent, antideposition agent, stain remover and as a bleacher. A major inputfor the production of detergents is a petrochemical, Linear AlkylBenzene (LAB), while soaps rely more on an inorganic chemical,caustic soda, as a major input.www.entrepreneurindia.co

To cater to this increasing demand of quality washingpowders most of the top detergent brands in India arecontinually introducing better packaged detergents thatare offering a host of benefits in a single wash. InIndia HUL holds a 38 per cent market share in thewashing powder segment clearly standing as the winner.The other important players in the detergent industryinclude Surf Excel, Nirma and Sunlight.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Soaps and detergents are used frequently in our daily life. We usethem to wash our hands and clean our clothes without ever reallypaying attention to how they work. Beneath the plain white surfaceof a bar of soap lies an intriguing history and a powerful chemistry.It has been said that amount of soap and detergent consumed in acountry is a reliable measure of its civilizations. There was a timewhen these products were luxury; now it is a necessity. Adisinfectant or agent that frees from infection is ordinarily microorganisms and is applied to inanimate objects. The specific wayin which a disinfectant agent is used is dependent on both thedesired objective and the infectious agent present.www.entrepreneurindia.co

ydetergent or dish detergent, as opposed to hand soap or othertypes of cleaning agents. Detergents are commonly available aspowders or concentrated solutions. Detergents work because theyare amphiphilic partly hydrophilic (polar) and partly hydrophobic (nonpolar). Their dual nature facilitates the mixture of hydrophobiccompounds (like oil and grease) with water. Because air is nothydrophillic, detergents are also foaming agents to varying degrees.Completely non polar solvents known as degreasers can also removehydrophobic contaminants but may not dissolve in water because ofa lack of polar elements.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Soaps are mainly used as surfactants for washing, bathing, andcleaning, but they are also used in textile spinning and are importantcomponents of lubricants. Soap is a mixture of sodium salts ofvarious naturally occurring fatty acids. Soaps and detergents arevery similar in their chemical properties. However, there is asignificant difference between them; soaps are produced from naturalproducts, and detergents are synthetic, or manmade. The market isexpected to grow at rates ranging from under 4% to around 4.5%.These are very modest rates considering that the lifestyles not onlyof urbanites, but even of well off rural folks are changing at a veryhigh pace. The analysts are expecting the industry to continue togrow in both the industrialized as well as developing nations.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Some of the fundamentals of the book are technology of soapmaking, washing of saponified soap, plant for total soap makingoperation, construction materials for soap making plants, earthbleaching of oils, chemical bleaching, fatty acids, manufacture offramed soaps, manufacture of chips and flakes, manufacture ofmilled bars, the mazzoni process, floating soap bars, mixing of soap,chemicals used in soaps & detergents, alkylolamides, alkylolamides monoalkylolamides, di alkylolamides, pure dialkylolamides, phosphoxylatedalkylolamides, sulphated alkylolamides, disinfectants and antiseptics,dry cleaning agents, etc.www.entrepreneurindia.co

The present book contains formulae, processes ofdifferent types of soaps, detergents and disinfectants.These products have good demand in domestic as wellas in International market. So there is a very goodscope for new entrepreneurs to venture into this field.This book is an invaluable resource for entrepreneurs,technocrats and for those who want to diversify in tothis field.www.entrepreneurindia.co

Table of Contents1. SOAPSTechnology Of Soap MakingHistoricalSoap BoilingEquipment for Soap BoilingSelection of Fat ChargeThe Saponification ReactionPhysical Chemistry of the Soap KettleGraining Out and WashingStrong ChangeFinishing or Fitting OperationCountercurrent WashingSoap from Fatty AcidsMiscellaneousSemiboiled And Cold ProcessesSemiboiled Soapswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Cold-Made SoapsContinuous SaponificationMills ProcessSharples ProcessThe De Laval ProcessThe Monsavon ProcessLye AbsorptionSaponification LoopSaponification of Distilled Fatty AcidsAlfa Laval Continuous SaponificationWashing Of Saponified SoapPlant For Total Soapmaking OperationConstruction Materials For Soapmaking PlantsEarth Bleaching of oilsChemical BleachingFatty AcidsLye Treatmentwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Storage of Raw LyeOutput Of Soap And GlycerineAnalysis of OilsEster Value of OilsFatty AcidsManufacture from GlyceridesSoap-making With Fatty AcidsTall OilWhole Tall OilTall Oil RefiningTall Oil SoapsGlycerinCrude GlycerinPurificationSynthetic GlycerinClassification Of Soap ProductsSpray DryingManufacture Of Framed SoapsManufacture Of Chips And Flakeswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Manufacture Of Milled BarsThe Mazzoni ProcessFloating Soap BarsMixing of SoapPreservativesPerfumesColoursOpacifiersOptical BrightenersSuperfatting AgentStructurantsBactericides and GermicidesMiscellaneous AdditivesSoapmakingFat Charge ControlColour of Soap BaseFree Alkali and ChlorideUnsaponified FatGlycerol in SoapMethods Of Analysiswww.entrepreneurindia.co

ation Of Soap CompositionDetermination Of Inorganic Fillers And Soap BuildersDetermination Of Other AdditivesDetermination Of ImpuritiesOther Quality Control TestsAnalysis Of Soaps Containing Synthetic DetergentsAnalysis Of Metallic SoapsSoap And Other Surface-active AgentsTheory of Surface ActionQuantitative RelationshipsDefoamingEmulsificationWetting of SolidsMiscellaneous Effects of Adsorption on Solid SurfacesDetergencyPhysical Chemistry Of Soaps And Related Materialswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Phase Behaviour of Aqueous SystemsPhase Behaviour of Solid SoapsNature of Dilute SolutionsStructure of Micelles and SolubilizationSurface and Interfacial TensionsCommercial Soap ProductsRaw MaterialsProduction and ConsumptionCharacteristics of Soaps Saponified by Different MethodsEffect of Different Factors on Physical Characteristics of Bar SoapsTypes of Commercial SoapSurface-active Agents Other Than SoapClassification of SurfactantsList of SurfactantsProduction and ConsumptionAmpholytic SurfactantsDetergentsWetting AgentsEmulsifying Agentswww.entrepreneurindia.co

2. DETERGENTSProduction Of Detergent ActiveIntroductionChoice of AlkylateSulphonationChoice Of Sulphonation PlantSide Reactions During SulphonationSuiphonation PracticeSulphonation Of Alpha OlefinNeutralisation/HydrolysisChemithon TechnologyStorage and HandlingDerivation Of Fatty AlcoholsGeneral OutlineProcess Based On Natural FatsProcess Based On Ethylene SourceSulphation Of Fatty Alcoholswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Continuous Process For Fatty Alcohol SulphatesPreparation Of Detergent Granules As Finished ProductProcedureAcid SlurryAlkali SolutionAdditives To Detergent ActivesInorganic chesOther inorganic builders and fillersOrganic AdditivesAnti-redeposition agentsOptical brighteners (OB)Foam boostersEnzymesChelating agentswww.entrepreneurindia.co

HydrotopesBacteriostatsManufacture Of Synthetic Detergent PowderBy Spray DryingOutline of the Spray Drying ProcessSlurry PreparationKinetics of Hydration of STPPDosing of IngredientsSlurry HandlingSpray DryingProduction Of Detergent Powder By Dry MixingDry-Mixing ProcessMachine-MixingFormulationsCompact DetergentsMethods Of rindia.co

Identification Of ComponentsDetermination Of SurfactantsTotal Organic Active IngredientAnionic DetergentsCationic DetergentsNonionic DetergentsDetermination Of Components Other Than celluloseChlorides and Available ChlorineEnzymesEthanol and Isopropyl AlcoholEthylenediaminetetraacetateFatty AcidsGlycerineHydrotropesMetallic Impuritieswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Neutral Oil (Free Oil) and Free Fatty ble MallerSulfatesWaterDETERMINATION OF PROPERTIESPerformance Testswww.entrepreneurindia.co

3. CHEMICALS USED IN SOAPS & DETERGENTSAlkylolamidesIntroductionAlkylolamides in Shampoo FormulationsChemistry Of The e Di-alkylolamidesPhosphoxylated AlkylolamidesSulphated AlkylolamidesFoam StabilizationManufacture Of AlkylolamidesCoconut Fatty Acid DiethanolamideLauric Acid DiethanolamideOleic Acid MonoethanoIamideStearic Acid MonoethanolamideFormulation Of a.co

IntroductionApplications of Igepon T ProductsFuture of IgeponsManufacture Of Igepon TRaw MaterialsOleic Acid ChlorideIgepon T GelIgepon T PowderChemical ControlUtilitiesMaterials of ConstructionAlkyl SulfatesIntroductionManufacture of AlcoholsProperties And Performance Characteristics Of Alkyl SulfatesKrafft PointCritical Micelle ConcentrationSurface and Interfacial TensionsWetting Timewww.entrepreneurindia.co

Foam HeightDetergencyDishwashing TestEmulsion StabilityManufacture Of Alkyl SulfatesSulfation with Chlorosulfonic AcidSulfation with Sulfuric AcidSulfation with Sulfur TrioxideManufacture of Alkyl Sulfated on Large ScaleFormulated Products From Alkyl SulfatesOlefin Sulfate & SulfonatesIntroductionOlefin SulfatesIntroductionRaw Materials And Product CompositionOlefin Sulfates from Shale OilOlefin Sulfate From Wax-cracked DistillatesSulfationNeutralization and Hydrolysiswww.entrepreneurindia.co

EvaporationFinishingSolvent RecoveryOlefin SulfonatesIntroductionProducts of SulfonationManufacture Of Olefin SulfonatesIntroductionBatch SulfonationCotinuous SulfonationSulfonation with Dioxane-SO3Characteristics & Surface Active Properties Of Olefin SulfonatesFormulation Of Heavy-duty Detergents With Olefin SulfonatesEthoxylation ProcessesIntroductionEthoxylated Alkyl PhenolsLaboratory Method of PreparationBatch Ethoxylation UnitProperties of Ethoxylated Alkyl Phenolswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Ethoxylated Fatty AlcoholsIntroductionLaboratory Method of PreparationContinuous Ethoxylation UnitProperties of Ethoxylated Fatty AlcoholsSolubilityCloud pointSurface and interfacial tensionDetergencyWetting propertiesFoaming propertiesEmulsifying propertiesEthoxylated Fatty AcidsIntroductionManufactureProperties of Fatty Acid EthoxylatesEthoxylated Fatty AminesFormulationsAlkyl Phenol Ether SulfatesIntroductionwww.entrepreneurindia.co

Sulfation and SulfonationManufacture Of Alkyl Phenol Ether SulfatesSulfamationNonylphenol 4-ethoxy SulfateDi-(isohexyl/isoheptyl) Phenol Ether SulfateDodecylphenol Ether SulfateSulfation with Sulfur TrioxideComparison of Sulfation with Sulfur Trioxide and Sulfamic AcidProperties-and Performance Characteristics Of Alkyl Phenol EtherSulfatesAlkyl Ether SulfatesIntroductionProperties & Performance Characteristics Of Alkyl Ether SulfatesIndividual Alkyl Ether SulfatesTallow Alcohol Ether SulfatesManufacture Of Alkyl Ether SulfatesProcess DevelopmentManufacture Of Alcohol Ether Sulfateswww.entrepreneurindia.co

Formulated Products From Alkyl Ether SulfatesFatty Amine OxideslntroductionManufacture Of Fatty Amine OxidesRoutes to Fatty AminesAmine OxidationCommercial SynthesisProperties And Analysis Of Fatty Amine OxidesAmine Oxide PropertiesAnalytical MethodsFormulations And Use Of Fatty Amine OxidesLight-duty LiquidsHeavyduty FormulationsBisquaternery And Other Cationic SoftenersIntroductionPreparation Of BisquaterneriesPerformance Evaluation Of SoftenersMultiwash Softeners Evaluationwww.entrepreneurindia.co