Transcription
isxy,NdIdj yd idys;Hh09 fYa%‚hwOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; j
m uqjk uqøKhfojk uqøKh; kajk uqøKhisõjk uqøKh2017201820192020ish ysñlï weúßKsISBN 978-955-25-0362-7wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; j úiskafo,af.dv" l ÿfndv" lEr., mdr" wxl 35 3 ork ia:dkfhys msysáiekaúka mqoa.,sl iud.fuysuqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'Published by : Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted by : Sanvin (Pvt) Ltd.35/3, Keragala Road, Kanduboda, Delgoda.ii
Y%S ,xld cd;sl .ShY%S ,xld ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;diqkaor isßnßkS" iq/ w;sfidanudk ,xldOdkH Okh fkl u,a m,; re msß ch N ñh ruHdwmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;dms s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcdkfuda kfuda ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;dTn fõ wm úoHd Tn u h wm i;HdTn fõ wm Yla;s wm yo ; Nla;sTn wm wdf,dafla wmf.a wkqm%dfKaTn wm Ôjk fõ wm uqla;sh Tn fõkj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N ñ lrdtl ujlf. ore le, neúkdhuq huq ù fkdmudfm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r od kfuda kfuda ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;diii
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjdatl ksjfiys fjfikdtl mdge;s tl reêrh fõwm lh ; ÿjkdtneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhdatl f,i tys jefvkdÔj;a jk wm fuu ksjfiafid k isáh hq; fõieug u fu;a lreKd . fKkSfj S iu.s oñkSrka ñKs uq; fkd j th u h iem;dlsis l, fkdu Èrkdwdkkao iurfldakaiv
fmrjokÈhqKqfõ ysKsfm; lrd .uka lrkd j;auka f,djg" ks;e;skau wjeis jkqfha jvd;akjH jQ wOHdmk l%uhls' tu .ska ks¾udKh l hq;af;a ukq. Koï imsreKq ydl i,;dj,ska hqla; ore mrmqrls' tlS W;a; x. fufyjrg cj n,h imhñka" úYaùhwNsfhda. i oyd Èßfhka uqyqK Èh yels isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍu i oyd iydh ùuwmf.a mru j.lSu jkafka h' bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka il%Shf,i ueÈy;a fjñka wm fomd¾;fïka; j ta fjkqfjka odhl;ajh ,nd fokafkacd;sfha oreoeßhkaf.a keK myka o,ajd,Sfï W; ï wÈgfkks'fm fmd; úfgl oekqï fldaIaGd.drhls' th ;j;a úfgl wm úkaokd;aulf,djlg o le ojdf.k hhs' tfiau fï fm fmd;a wmf.a ;¾l nqoaêh jvjd,kafkawfkalúO l i,;d mqnqÿ lrjd.kakg o iqúi,a t s oyrla fjñks' úÿìfuka iuq.;aÈkl jqj wmßñ; wdorfhka iaurKh l yels u;l" fm fmd;a msgq w;r oejà Tniu .ska w;aje,a ne o tkq fkdwkqudk h' fï fm fmd; iu .u ;j ;j;a oekqïwjldY msß biõ fj; ks;s mshuksñka mßmQ¾K;ajh w;a lr.ekqug Tn ieuksr; rej wem lem úh hq; h'ksoyia wOHdmkfha uydk¾ ;Hd.hla fia fï mqia;lh Tn foda;g msßkefï'fm fmd;a fjkqfjka rch jeh lr we;s iqúi,a OkialkaOhg w¾:iïmkak w.hla,nd Èh yelafla Tng muKs' fuu mdGH .%ka:h ukdj mßYS,kh lrñka keK . Kmsß mqrjeishka ù wkd.; f,dj taldf,dal lrkakg oefha ish orejka fj; Èßhiúh ,efíjdhs yoj;ska iqn m;ñ'fm fmd;a iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka wm%udK jQ iïm;Aodhl;ajhla iemhQf,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYkfomd¾;fïka; fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß m%Kduh mqolrñ'mS' tka' whs,mafmreuwOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,awOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jbiqremdhn;a;ruq,a,2020'06'26v
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh- mS' tka' whs,mafmreuwOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,awOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jfufyhùu- v- í,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,swOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ixj¾Ok&wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jiïnkaëlrKh- m%.S;sld chfialrksfhdacH flduidßiawOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jixialdrl uKav,h1' r;akisß wrx.,- uydpd¾hYS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h2' i f.dañ fldamrfyajd- uydpd¾hfld U úYajúoHd,h3' tï' wd¾' ví,sõ' uoaÿu- wOHlaIisxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka; jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh4' mQcH l l rïfmd, [dKúu, ysñ - fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾hisxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka; jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh5' mS' ta' ùrlafldä- iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaINdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYhwOHdmk wud;HdxYh6' m%.S;sld chfialr- iyldr flduidßiawOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jNdId ixialrKhmQcH wdpd¾h fudrlkafoaf.dv wßhjxi ysñ - fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾hreyqK úYajúoHd,hvi
f,aLl uKav,h1' mS' Ô' Ô' .hd jehsfyak- . re WmfoaYll,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,hfydaud.u2' mqIamd fckÜ l¿wdrÉÑ- . re WmfoaYsldl,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqr'3' ;rx.d rKisxy- . re fiajhfudrgqj uyd úoHd,h"fudrgqj4' m%idÈkS okaj;a; ,shkf.a- ksfhdacH úÿy,am;snm ch O¾udfYdal l'ú'uyr.u5' tÉ' ta' È ï r;akud,dfidaÿm;a lshùuch;a mshoiqka- ksfhdacH m%Odk Wml¾;D" is¿ñK",xldfõ iSudiys; tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.uÑ;% ks¾udKh- . re fiajh"wkqr uOH uyd úoHd,h" hlal,'iuka l¿fndaú,msgljr ks¾udKhbkaÈl . Kj¾Okmß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackhtia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs- mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl"wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jvii
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mgqk1msgq wxlYS% mdoh jekaojQ yeá 1isxy, NdIdfõ rij;a fhÿï235,m fia i ú,fia 9iudkd¾: mo iy úreoaOd¾: mo12foaYSh k¾;kfha rka i,l K15hq., mo 21f;dr; re bÈßm;a lsÍu i yd nyqúO udOHweiqre lruq 244iaàjka fydalska 27isxy, wlaIr ud,dj 315ksjerÈ YífodaÉpdrKh 36úrdu ,laIK 40wlaIr úkHdi Í;s 426uf.a rg ug wf.hs 49rpkdjla ,shuq 557oEfia ks,a meyeh59úfYaIK mo 61lúhl ri ú o kj lõ mn Èuq638uyOk isgqmq;ayqf.a jia; jiajNdfjdala;s yd w;sYfhdala;swldrdÈ ms sfj yd YíofldaI Ndú;hix677073
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1Y%S mdoh jekaojQ yeálsishï ck fldÜGdihla w;r l,dka;rhla ;siafia lákalg mej; tk l;dkaor" lú" msre¿" rEÎ wdÈh ckY%e;shf,i ye kafjhs' ckY%e;sfhka wod ck fldÜGdifhaf,dalh ms sn úYajdi iy oelau ksrEmKh fõ' tfuka uck fldÜGdihl f,aLk .; fkdjQ b;sydih ckY%e;shlwe; ;a úh yels h' b;sydi .%ka:j, we; ;a fkdjk jeo.;af;dr; re o we;eï úg ckY%e;sfhys .eí úh yels h' ck l;djckY%e;shg wh;a idys;Hdx.hls' .eñ ckhdf.a Ôú;fha m%lgjk i; g" fYdalh fuka u Ôú;fha úúO isoaê yd wjia:dfj; Tjqka úiska fy k ,o WfmalaId iy.; oDIaáh o ckl;dj, ishqï f,i ksrEmKh ù we;' fuys tk ck l;djúY%dñl úÿy,am;sjrhl jQ ã' mS' úl%uisxy uy;df.a ‘u. È.gck l;d’ lD;sfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'1
u,a,eyej .ug ol Kq foiska msysáfha fldg.u kue;s .uhs' th o b;d mqrdKld,fha isg jeo.;a mrïmrdjkag jdiN ñ jQ ireidr .uls' fï .ï folg ueÈka.,aTh .,d niS' foys., l jeáfha ueo Nd.fha W,am;aj,ska mgka .kakd fï.,aTh yrialr fiakdkdhl iuqøh kue;s w;súYd, uyd jdmsh n k ,oafoa uE;l §h' .,aTfha W;am;a;s m%foaYh wi,ska fï .x.dj jeo.kakd YdLd Thj,aj, c,fhkafmdaIs; fldg.u fj,ahdh b;d úYd, h' tfuka u b;d idrj;a h' fj,a,iafiamsysá .ïj,ska uOHia: foaY. Kfhka yd o¾YkSh;ajfhka o m%Odk;ajh fof;d;aksrdhdifhka u th fldg.ug ,efnkjd we;'fmr isxy, rcqka oji wyj,a rcqf.a ld,fha hehs iaÒrj lsh fkdyels h& fï.fuys b;d Okj;a jQ o jxYj;a jQ o ro, mjq,la úh' Okj;alu wkqj fldg.uisgdfKda hk ku fï ro,jrhdg jHjydr úh' ta isgdKkag yd isgq foaúhg;aisáfha tl u Èh‚hls' jeäúhg m;a Èh‚h b;d . Kj;a keKj;a rEmfYdaNskshlajQjd h' iqÿiq l,ays weh iqÿiq l , mq;%fhl g újdy lr ÿkafkka" ta hqj ujqmshkaiu. ta isgq ue frys u jdih lf da h' l,ahdfuka miq uy ujqmsh fofokld,ls%hd lf ka Tjqkag whs;s uq¿ Ok iïm;a;sfhys u md,kh Tjqka fj; mejß‚'b;d iu.s iïmkak mS%;su;a újdy Ôú;hla .; l Tjqkg mq; ka ;sfokl ,eì‚'jeäuy,a mq;d wgf diaúhg m;a l,ays" ta mshd o Ôj; ka w;frka ; rka úh' isgql ußhwffO¾h fkdù ish úYd, OkialkaOh o ke;s ù hd fkd § wdrlaId lrñka mq; ka;sfokd o yod jvd .;a;d h'iqÿiq l,ays ish mq; kg o iqÿiq wkaoñka l ,l ußhka fidhd wdjdy lrÿka isgql ußh" mrf,dj i yd fkdfhla mskalïys fhÿKd h' ks;s mkais,a /lSu;a fmdahwgis,a /lSu;a wi, jQ úydria:dkhg oka meka §u;a ÿ.shkag wdOdr lsÍu;A fkd lvjd isÿ l d h' wkqrdOmqr" l;r.u wdÈ ÿr neyer ia:dkj,g jkaokdjms‚i .shd h' fufia mska lrñka isáh § iajNdj O¾uh mßÈ uy njg m;aj ishW;aidyfhka wE; .uka hdug neß ;;a;ajhg m;a jQjd h' ‘uu ,laÈj fndfydaúydria:dk jkaokd lf ñ' ug jkaokd lr .kag neß jQfha YS% mdo moauh muK hs'wfydaæ ;reK ld,fha th lr .kag neß úh' flfia fyda uefrkag m uqj YS% mdomoauh o je .;af;d;a" mS%;su;a is;ska wjika yqiau fy sh yels h' th flfia fydal hq; u h' uu th uf.a mq; kag lshd n,ñ' hï mqf;la uf.a ta woyi bIag l fyd;a Tyqg uf.a uq¿ jia; j u mjrkafkñ’hs is; jd h'fufia is; isgq ÿj ;u mq; ka ;sfokd le jd “orefjks" uu ,xldfõ fndfyda fjfyrúydr jkaokd lf ñ' ug jkaokd lrkag neß jQfha YS% mdo moauh muK hs' ta ksid Tn;sfokdf.ka hful ud YS% mdoia:dkhg f.k f.dia jkaokd lrjqj fyd;a uf.a uq¿2
jia; j Tyqg mjrkafkñ”hs lSjd h' tnia weiQ jeäuy,a mq;a; fokakd u “wfkawïfï" Tfí oeka ;;a;ajh yeáhg flfia YS% mdo .uk l yels o@ th msysáfhafld;rï ÿr o@ fld;rï Wi m¾j;hla uqÿfka o@ oeka wïudf.a ;;a;ajfhA yeáhglsis fia;a th l fkdyels hs' tneúka th is;ska wia lr .; uekj”hs lSfjdah' ta wid isá nd, mq;%hd ‘wïudg YS% mdoh jkaokd lr.kag neß jqfjd;a ta .ekl,lsreKq is;ska u f,v ù blaukska ñh hdug o mq¿jks' tfy;a tjeks ÿIalr.ukla wïud iu. hdug o kqmq¿jk' .sfhd;a wdmiq tkag ,efí hhs is;sh fkdyelsh' ta ksid uu ojia lSmhlska hd yels YS% mdoh jeks lkaola fidhd ta u; YS% mdo,dxPkhla fldgjd wïud le jdf.k f.dia jkaojd wef.a isf;a wdidj mis ,ñ”hsis; fõ h' “uE‚hks" uu Tn YS% mdohg le jdf.k hñ' kuq;a Bg fmr" tys hdugiqÿiq .uka ud¾.h wdÈh oek.; hq; h' ud th oekf.k tk ; re i; áka isákquekj”hs mjid úYd, Ok iïNdrhl ;a /f.k b;d úYajdi lSm fofkl ;a jqjukdWmlrK;a /f.k tjeks lkaola fidhñka weúoafoa h'Wia l m%foaYh msysáfha ;u .fuka ol Kq foi neúka ta foig .uka l Tjqyqnÿ mqrhg meñ‚fhda h' bkq;a ol Kq foig Èlaje,a, kdjq,a, wdÈ .ï miq lrmqrdKfha § ta l lr m%foaYfhka . ;ay,a uvq,a,g jeà ;snQ ÿ¾. ud¾.h mgka.kakdjQ o" ud.ï m;a; fjka iuqøh je, .kakd lsß Tfha W;am;a;s m%foaYh jk nUr.umiq fldg weo yef k rdjKd we,a, hhs m%isoaO ia:dkh wi, jQ o rdjKd rcqúiqfõ hhs lgl;d wkqj mj;skd .sß. ydj mfilska jQ o Wia jQ m¾j; YsLrhla oeliqÿiq ia:dkhla ,oafoa hhs i; gqj ta wi, ;djld,sl me,la idod tys k;r jQfjda h'isgq l udrhd .,a jvqjka ,jd ta .sß YsLrhg ke.Sug mä fm la o" YsLrh uqÿfka .,u; YS% mdo ,dxPkhla o flgjQfõ h' tfia u YS% mdo ia:dkfha we;s iuka fofjd,fuka foajd,hla o" fodf dia ufya mykla o Kagdrhla o jg lr m%dldrhla ob;d blaukska f.dvk.d ish,a, iïmQ¾K lr msßjr iu. wdmiq .ug meñ‚fha h'blaì;s isgq l urd “uE‚hks" uu YS% mdo ia:dkhg hk .uka ud¾.h yd hd hq; úêho oekf.k wdfjñ' ta ksid YS% mdo jkaokdjg hdu ms‚i iQodkï jkq uekje”hsokajd isáfha h' isgq ud;dj b;du;a mS%;shg m;aj" mQcdjg wjYH ish WmlrK jydu ilia lrjdf.k ;udg Wmia:dkh i yd ys;j;a oeiaika lSmfokl o .ukgks, lrjdf.k ;ud .ukg iQodkï nj mq;%hdg oekajQjd h' isgq l urd o" .ukgiqÿiq fõ,djla iQodkï lr f.k" f.k hdu i yd wjYH foda,d f.k" m%udK jkmsßi o /ia lr f.k f.k hdu i yd wjYH wdydr" fnfy;a wdÈ WmlrK tajdf.k hdug msßi o tla/ia lr f.k iqn kel;ska uE‚hka fmroeß lr f.kjkaokd .ukg msg;a úh' Tjqyq ;eks;,d m%foaYh miq lr l lr m¾j; N ñldjgke. ta ta ia:dkhkays ,e. ï .ksñka l%ufhka f.dia i;s foll § muK nÿ 3
mqrjrhg meñ‚fhda h' “uE‚hks" wm fï meñ‚fha iuka;l g m¾j;h wi, msysár;akmqr k.rhg h' .ufka ÿIalr fldgi we;af;a bÈßhg h' iuka foúhkaf.alreKdfjka wmg ;j ojia lSmhlska YS% mdo moauh oel je mqod .kakg yels fõhhs isgq l udrhd lSfõ h'nÿ mqrfhka msg;a jQ Tjqyq w;ru. fkdfhla ia:dkj, kej;S .suka yßñkaf.dia rdjKd we,a, iómfhys jQ l lfmd,a,g meñ‚fhda h' “uE‚hks" fï iS;.Õ ,he”hs lshd rdjKd we,a, iómfhka c,iakdkh lrjd msrejg w jd foda,dfjkau uE‚hka l YsLrhg le jdf.k .sfha h' “uE‚hks" fï YS% mdo moauh hs' fïiuka foajd,h hs' fï fmfkkafka fodf diauy mdk hs' wr ;sfnkafka Kagdrh hs”wdÈ jYfhka fmkajd §" “is;a fia je mqod .kq uekje”hs lS l udrhd rd;S% jdihms‚i ia:dkhla jevlrejka ,jd ms sfh, lrù h' Y%oaOdfjka bms, .sh isgq ud;djf.k .sh mQcd NdKav mqo lr is;a fia je mqod .;a;d h' tÈk l YsLrfhys u .;l Tjqyq mdkaor iQ¾fhdaoh iu. jk br fiajh o n,d hy;ska lkafoka my neil%ufhka u. f.jd ish .ug meñ‚fhda h'YS% mdo jkaokdfjka miq mS%;shg m;a jQ isgq ud;dj ;ud ika;lj mej;s ish jia; jfmdfrdkaÿ m%ldr nd, mq;dg mejrejd h' ujlf.a ika;dkfhys mj;sk odrlfm%aufhys n,uysuh fu;ek § wehf.a is;ays n,mj;ajkakg úh' nd, mq;dgl;d lr" “mq;Kqjks" ud isf;ys n, meje;ajQ ta jkaokd .uk Tn bgq l ksid;a"ud ta .ek fmdfrdkaÿjla jQ ksid;a uf.a uq¿ jia; j u Tng mejerefhñ' tfy;a"b;sß orejka fofokd flfia Ôj;a fõ o@ Tjqkag hk l,oidj lsu@ uf.a ta wdYdjbgq l d fia u Tn oeka uf.a isf;a fYdalh o ÿre lf d;a ug b;d ikaf;daIfhkawka;su .uk hd yels h' th o l yels jkafka Tng muK hs” hehs lSjd h'hq; lï okakd jQ o" WKq jk yDohla we;a;d jQ o ta isgq mq;%hd “uE‚hks" Tnf.afYdalh ÿre lrjd .; uekj' uu uf.a jeäuy,a ifydaorhka fofokd u.g neiaiSugi; gq fkd fjñ' Tn fkd lSj;a ud n,dfmdfrd;a; jQfha uf.a ifydaorhkag ud,;a jia; j fnod §ug h' tneúka is; myod .; uekj' wo u uf.a ifydaorhkafofokdg ud ,;a jia; j fnod foñ”hs lshd ifydaorhka fofokd le jd uE‚hkabÈßmsg § u ;ud ,;a jia; iïNdrh ; kg fnod fofldgila ;u ifydaorhkafofokdg mejrefõ h' thska mS%;shg m;a uy isgq foaúh “mq;" Tn fndai;ajrfhls'Tng nqÿnj ,efíjdæ hs m%d¾:kd lrñ' oeka b;ska ug mS%;sfhka uf.a wjika .ukhd yels h”hs lSjd h' bka ál l,lg miq lï jQ mßoafoka ñh mrf,dj .shd h'ifydaorfhda ;sfok iu.sfhka Ôj;aj b " uy úh m;aj mrf,dal m%dma; jQfjda h'4
wjfndaOh1' ;u ujg Y%S mdoh jekaoùug nd, mq;d fhdod .;a Wml%uh úia;r lrkak'2' fï isgq mq;%hd . K hym;alñka mßmQ¾K whl nj m%lg jkafka ljrlreKq ksid o@3' ck l;d ms sn Tfí woyi jdlH ; klska muK ,shkak'4' fuu ck l;dfõ Tn is;a .;a wjia:d 2la ,shkak'issxy, NdIdfõ rij;a fhÿï,sùfï § woyia jvd rij;a wdldrfhka m%ldY lsÍug úfYaI fhÿï Wmldß fõ'isxy, NdIdfõ m%ldYk Yla;sh m%lg lrk idïm%odhsl fhÿï NdIdj w,xldrlsÍu i yd fhdod f.k we;' fï fhÿï weiqfrka jdlHj, w¾:h jvd;a ;Sj% f,imeyeÈ,s fldg m%ldY l yels h'isxy, jdla iïm%odfha m%Odk wx. lSmhla f,i m%ia;dj msre¿" wdmaf;damfoaY ydrEÎ y kajd Èh yels h'5
m%ia;dj msre Mwjia:djg WÑ; lshuk" ke;s kï ;ekg iqÿiq lshuk n woyila fï fhÿïúfYaIfhka u; lr olajhs' fndfyda úg fïjd mne we;af;a" lsishï l;djlafyda isÿùula uq,a fldg f.k h' tfia u lsishï i;H;djla fyda iudk njlafyda uq,a lr .;a msre¿ o we;' " fia" fuka" jeks" jf.a ksmd;j,ska fndfydaúg fïjd fl jr ù ;sfnkq oelsh yels h' uqL mrïmrd.;j bÈßhg f.k wdfmdÿ ck;djf.a jHjydr NdIdfõ fmdfydi;alu fmkajd §ug m%ia;dj msre¿lÈu ksoiqkls'WodyrK(-lK leianEjd úh isÿfrka wyi n,kakd fiaWK mqrefla oeïu;a n j,s.fha weo kEf¾lK fldldf.a iqo fmfkkafka b.sf k úg ., fyd o kï wUrk ly ula fõ o@mh nrjdhg msá lr fnfy;a nekaod jf.hswdmaf;damfoaY‘wdma;’ hkqfjka woyia flfrkqfha oekque;s" weiQ msrE ;eka we;s" úh;ahkak hs' ta ksid nyqY%e;hka úiska fokq ,nk Wmfoia fyda wjjdo‘wdmaf;damfoaY’ wdma; WmfoaY& jYfhka y kajd Èh yels h' ie .jqKqwre;ska fyda jHx.Hd¾:fhka f;drj Rcqj u lsishï Wmfoila ,nd §uwdmaf;damfoaYj, iajNdjh hs'WodyrK (-Tjd fokq mr yg - ;ud iïu;fhys msysgd isg-f,dafldamldrh6
f.dve,af,a;ru oekf.k s lmkqfnd/,af,a;ru oekf.kWvmkskqlvq,af,a;ru oekf.kjegn kq;ukaf.a;ru oekf.kl,awßkq-cklúw . re lsfrka fiaÿj;a iqÿ fkd fõW.; ukd Ys,amhuhs u; /flkdyefok .y fofm;af;ka oefkawú .;af;da wúfhka u kis;smsreKq lf a Èh fkd ief,arEÎNdú; flfrk jpkj, m%lgj fmfkk w¾:j,g b rd u fjkia w¾:hlaèjks; jk f,i fhdok NdId;aul fhÿï rEÎ kï fõ' mq¿,a woyila jpklSmhlska yl d ;Sj%j w¾:j;aj m%ldY lsÍu rEÎj, úfYaI ,laIKh hs' b .sjels f,i o y kajkafka rEÎ u h' jpkj,g wdrEV w¾:hla fh§u f,iska ofuh y kajd Èh yels h' jdlHhl w¾:h ;Sj% lsÍug fuka u rij;a lsÍug orEÎ WmldÍ fjhs' rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ w;r ;rul iudklula oelsh yelsjqj;a" ixlaIsma; nj yd jHx.Hd¾:j;a nj fya; fjka rEÎ fjka fldg y kd.ekSu myiq fjhs'WodyrK(-W. rg fydrd fí;a lEjduQfKa oe,s .Ejdf.d¿fn,s .ukwef .a f,a j; r jqKdlcq lkakd jf.a7
,sÅ; wNHdi1'.e fmk rEÎ jryka ; ska f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak' ' ue‚lla ,enqKq miq Tyqf.a '''''''''''' jf.hs' ' f.oßka ,smshla ,efnk ; re '''''''''''' udOjkaf.a isß; hs' ' Tyq uf.a ÈhqKqjg ''''''''''' fia ug yef .a' ¹' iqu;smd, ''''''''''' nj udud lSfõ h'¹' '''''''''''' isáh;a" ÿfla § yerhkafkda ñ; frdaa fkd fj;s' Èfjka Èj .df.k" we .s,s .ekSu" lr, meys,d" Èj fofla ñksil " wl ,a fy kjd&2' » fldgfia wre;aj,g .e fmk rEÐ »» fldgiska f;darkak'» fldgi»» fldgilror msg lrorje,ajgdrïwdodhu my; jeàufldf¾ msgg uf¾f.!rjh ke;sj hEunysk l,djiqok fjia .;a ÿokdWmdil n ,dwkjYH úia;r lSuidhu hkjdm%dfhda.sl wNHdi1' fï ck l;dj Tn leue;s fjk;a wdldrhlska f.dv k.d bÈßm;a lrkak'2' my; olajd we;s msre M we;s ùug mdol jQ l;d mqj;a úuikak' ' ' ' ¹'¹'8.urd,f.a jxf.äh jf.an kaa ,jd fldia weg nEõjd jf.a,eÊcd ke;slu uyuqo,slug;a jvd f,dl hslels,af,a rÊcqrejkaf.a kvq ;Skaÿj jf.an,a,f.a jefâ nQrejd ndr.;a;d jf.a
2,m fia i ú,fiaidys;Hh hkq NdIdj udOH fldg f.k yeÕSï m%n,dldrfhkaoekùu i yd udkjhd f.dvk.d .;a ud¾.hls' .µ" mµyd pïmq hkqfjka idys;Hfha m%Odk m%fNao ; kls' mµh hkq;d,dkql ,Ndjfhka hqla; jk fia lrk ,o mo ixfhdackhls'isxy, mµhg" isxy, NdIdfõ b;sydih ;rug u È. b;sydihlamj;S' isxy, mµ ks¾udKhg fndfyda úg jia; jQfha nqÿ isß;fyda fndai;a isß; h' fuh merKs lùka w;r iïuq;shla n úh' iïNdjH isxy, idys;Hh" md,s yd ixialD; fuka ufou idys;Hh o weiqfrka ilia jQjls' iyc lú;ajh;a mD:q,ixialD;sl ú{dkh;a iys;j iïNdjH idys;Hfhka neyer jQidys;H Odrdjla o me;sr wdfõ h' ‘fjiaika;r cd;l ldjHh’ta Odrdfõ uq,a fmf a lD;shls' fï mdvug we; ;a jkafkathska Wmqgd .;a lú lsysmhls'9
ish msßjr rgf;dg yeu jia; j ke;ss ksto f,dn yer Tn iu.ska ;mig wdfj; re msßjr mqkai fuka jk ueo Wkafkfji; re msh rcqks Tng ndr hs wfm wwdod isg ysufha wms iu.sj b ks? od j,a j;a ms sfj;a l oehs iu iswd od frla Tn ñi ke; wïud yg bnd od fkd j Tn nqÿ jka wm oka ÿka ms,mtmiemwm10fiafiafiafiai ú,fia ojila fjkakQfjnqÿ flfkl ka fuka /lsoehs ks;sfhwm oka ÿkafk;a jeÿfjka jo wmsh rcqks okg fkd fokafk wfm �udjod jvd ri lsß § we;s l oehs fmñw d úvd yer m,je, f.k ÿkaoehs ks;sjvd fuwm jx.sßh wd wïud i jvd ifoõ f,dj iem ú ksjka olska fid fkafkafkafkafmïud iqr;,a lshñka fo;fka lsß fndjïud l e,s bi bi weúÈkaoehs wwïud wm fkdoel b;ska flf,il jEfjiïud iïnqÿ fjkod ksjka olska wïudïudïudïudieg oyila rcqka uefoa bmso fidf a wrg oyila j, ne j;a kqU fia kqÿálg oyila we; j lsj;a kqfU . K ke; ksjg oyila .õ ysufha .sh foda wfm wïudïudïudïud
ÿla ú oiui Wiq,d jeÿoehs wfmw ka f;,ska ks;s irid we;s l oehsri m,je, fk,d ȧ riaid l i;r wmdj, fkd bmo ksjka olskawïudwïudwïudwïud.il fodvï ufohs lshd lE oehs wfmwyi ;re;a ufohs is;d ú,s Æ oehsuqyqÿ Èh;a ufohs is;d rilsß ÿkai;r wmdfha fkd jeà ksjka olskawïudwïudwïudwïudwjfndaOh1' fï lúj, f;areu Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'2' lúj, w,xldrh jeä lsÍu i yd fhdod f.k we;s Wmud folla,shkak'3' uj orejka fmdaIKh lsÍug .;a fjfyi oelafjk lú mo Wmqgd olajkak'4' wïud fjkqfjka fï orejka fofokd úiska l m%d¾:kdjka we; ;alú mo f;dard ,shkak'5' fuu mµ mka;sh ms sn Tfí woyi fláfhka ,shkak'6' fï mµ mka;sfha we; ;a .eñ jyßka Wmqgd .;a fhÿï myla ,shkak'11
iudkd¾: mo iy úreoaOd¾: moiudkd¾: mo kE u NdIdjl tla mohlg iudk f;areï we;s fjk;a mo rdYshla ;sìh yels h'tajd iudkd¾: mo fyj;a m¾hdh mo f,i ye kaúh yels h' isxy, NdIdj o fun iudkd¾: moj,ska fkdwvqj fmdaIKh ù we;'i pkaø" ;rem;s" ;drm;s" ksYdlr" isis" fidñ" ysulr";ß m%isoaO mqj;r" mis " m; " m%lg" mris msmsúlis;" mqnqÿ" msìÈ" mq,a" mqma" ñ‚oeÈß" ñKsuq; i; g fidïki" if;di" m%fudaoh" ; g" f;di" ika; Iaáh"wdkkaoh" wukaodkkaoh" m%y¾IhúYd, úi,a" uy;a" ; uq," uyd" mD:q," f,dl c,h meka" Wol" wU" Èh" j; r" kSjkh jkdka;rh" le,Ej" j," wrK" wgú" uQl,dk" neoao.ijDlaIh" ; r" rel" mdom" øeurkaiaj¾K" lkl" ldxpk" liqka" r;a;rkauqyqo iuqÿr" ihqr" iuqøh" rejkdr" is " id.rh" c,ksê" iskaOq12
úreoaOd¾: mohï lsis mohlg úreoaO w¾:hla fok moh úreoaOd¾: mo f,i ye kafjhs'úreoaOd¾: mo iEfok m%Odk wdldr 03la y kd .; yels h'1' kdu mohlg fyda l%shd mohlg bÈßfhka “fkd” ksmd; moh fh§fukaWodyrK(yelslshkf;udi .jdÿgq-fkdyelsfkdlshkfkdf;udfkdi .jdfkdÿgq2' kdu mohlg fyda l%shd mohlg bÈßfhka Wmi¾. mo fh§fuka w" wj" ks" kq" ks¾" ksYa ksIa" ÿ" ÿ¾" ÿYa ÿIa" ú" l wdÈ Wmi¾.&WodyrK(-wf daI - wf daImsßisÿ - wmsßisÿjxl - wjxljerÈks ire- ksjerÈ- ksirefodia - ksfodiaf,daN - ks¾f,daNks¾ fodaI - ks¾fodaIjia;%ÿ- ks¾jia;%n,- ÿn,isß;a - ÿisß;a. - ÿ. u . ,a - wju . ,awj kïnqj - wjkïnqj,iaik - wj,iaikkqksYa ksIaÿ¾iqÿiqyqre- kqiqÿiq- kqyqremqreÿ- kqmqreÿYíop,- ksYaYío- ksYap,M,- ksIaM,n,. K- ÿ¾n,- ÿ¾. Kck- ÿ¾ck13
ÿYa ÿIaYS,- ÿYaYS,m%;sm;a;s - ÿIam%;sm;a;slrlúl Ègqmqßia- ÿIalrúfoaYSh - úfoaYShmlaI - úmlaIfhda. - úfhda.- l lú- l Ègq- l mqßia3' wkH mohla ta i yd Ndú; lsÍfukaWodyrK(t shw ;a- w r- mer‚l¿ - iqÿ,sÅ; wNHdi1' my; i yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo 03 ne.ska fidhd ,shkak' ' isxyhd ¹' uj ¹ ' fk u ' ldka;dj ¹' rxpqj ¹ ' ÿl ' f.h -¹ ' olaI º' l re º'rc -2' .e fmk úreoaOd¾: mo fhdod my; j. j iïmQ¾K i¾.hwkH mohk - fkdhkm%dfhda.sl wNHdi1' ukaøs foaúhg ;u orejka flfrys we;s fifkyi biau; lrjk lúmkA;shla f.dv k.kak'2' mka;s /iaùfï § ujq. K .S ri úkaok jevigykla mj;ajkak'14
3foaYSh k¾;kfha rka i,l KfoaYkhlg idjOdkj ijka §u foaYlhdg f.!rj lsÍuls'ukdj ijka §u foaYkhl we; ;a lreKq wjfndaO lr .ekSfïu. hs' wjOdkh r jd f.k Y%jKh lsÍu u.ska iaurK Yla;shÈhqKq fjhs' ijka fkd § tA ms sn l;d lsÍu fyda woyiam%ldY lsÍu fyda l fkdyels h' NdId YlH;djka j¾Okhlr .ekSug kï uq,ska u l hq;af;a fyd ka ijka §u hs'bka miq l:kh i yd u. mEfohs' wdpd¾h tia' mŒNdr; kïjQ fY%aIaG l,dlrejd .ek fuu mdvfuys we; ;a f;dr; rewikakg ie,eiaùu yd t; ud .ek f;dr; re bÈßm;a lsÍugTn fm,Uùu fï mdvfï wruqK hs'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'15
Èkhia:dkhwjia:djfoaYkh((((2017 fmnrjdß 24lE.,a," w,a.u ‘kD;H’ l,dh;khcd;sl k¾;k Èkh fjkqfjka meje;afjk iïudk m%odfkda;aijhiïudkkSh k¾;k Ys,amS" l,diQÍ c.;a úu,iqf¾kaø uy;df.!rjd¾y iajdóka jykai" .re mQcljreks" iïNdjkSh wuq;a;ks" ‘kD;H’l,dh;kfha wêm;s; ud we; ¿ wdpd¾h uKav,fha uy;au uy;añhks" foujqmshks" orejks" Tn ish fokdf.ka u wjir hs'wo wmg úfYaI ojila' tA fuu l,dh;kfha olaI orejkag iïudk ,eîu;a" fïm%foaYfhka f,dalhg odhdo l mq;% r;akhl ckau Èkh wog fh§ ;sîu;a hklreKq fol u ksi hs' t; udf.a fijfKys . reyrelï ,eîug jdikdj ug;a WodjqKq ksid uu;a k¾;k l,djg hï fiajhla lsÍug Yla;sh ,enqjd' t; udf.a . K.hkakg" t; ud .ek Tng lshkakg wjia:dj Wod lr §u ms sn j fuys W;aijlñgqjg udf.a m%Kduh msßkukak leu;s hs'tA fY%aIaG ñksid ljqre o@ tA fjk;a lsisfjla fkdfjhs wdpd¾h tia' mŒNdr;ue;s; ud hs' fï t; udf.a mh .egqKq m%foaYh hs t; ud Wmka .u hs' wog fh§ ;sfnkt; udf.a ckau Èkh cd;sl k¾;k Èkh f,i kï lsÍfuka u tA fY%aIaG;ajh jgyd.kak Tng yels fõú';u w;a;d jk w,a.u isßhd iy ndmamd jk lsß.‚;hd hk . rekakdkafia,df.kauq,ska u kegqï bf.k .;a mŒNdr;" mqxÑlsrd fldakamf,a . re; ud" uqoaokdfõ. re; ud hk whf.ka fnr jdokh;a" ;síngqjdfõ mkslals . rekaf.ka ojq,a jdokh;a"ux.,;sßfha ishfodaßia . rekaf.ka ;ïueÜgï jdokh;a bf.k .;a;d' Tyq thskakej; fKa keye' r;akd., isud . rekaf.ka n,shd. o fj,a.u my;rg .skaf;aßia. rekaf.ka my;rg kegqï yd fnr jdokh o mqxÑ uy;auhd . rekaf.ka inr.uqkegqï o bf.k .;a;d' mŒNdr; olaI .dhk" jdok" k¾;k Ys,amsfhl jqfKa tA. rejrekaf.a fijfKys Ys,am yeoEÍfukaa'oeka Tng yefÕkjd o t; udf.a YsIH Ôú;fhka Tng fld;rï mdvï W.; yelso hk j.@ tla wxYhl wOHdmkh ,nkakg;a ue slï olajk orejkag ;u Ôú;ch.%yK Õd lr.kakg ffO¾hh imhk Tyq Tng fyd wdo¾Yj;a pß;hla' TyqwOHdmkh ,enqfõ b;d ÿIalr udj;l hs' jfrl Tyq ;u YsIHhka Èßu;a lf a"“mqf;a" uu fnf¾ lf¾ odf.k ye;emau .Kka mhska .sh flfkla” lshñka'16fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
k¾;k Ys,amshl ; ;sìh hq; oekqu yd olaI;dj u la j;a wvq ke;sj t; ud ; ;snqKd' Tyq b;d ks¾udKYS,s ñksfila' fï ks¾udKYS,s;ajhg fÊ'ã'ta' fmf¾rduy;df.ka bf.k .;a Ñ;% l,dj;a fldgfyafka id¾Èia . re; udf.ka bf.k .;aix.S; l,dj;a Tyq ; jQ bx.S%is" isxy, yd ixialD; NdId;%h ms sn oekqu;a WmldßjqKd'. jka úÿ,s ixia:dj újD; lsÍfï wjia:djg uÕ ,a fnrh jehqfõ Tyq hs' lsß.‚;. rekakdkafiaf.a u. fmkaùug wkqj tjlg fld U ,,s;l,dh;kfha wêm;sl,d. re fÊ'ã'ta' fmf¾rd uy;df.a ìß jk pkaøf,aLd fmf¾rd uy;añhf.ak¾;khlg fnr jdokh lrkafkl f,i Ndr;hg hdug fu; udg wjia:dj,enqKd' fï ;uhs t; udf.a Ôú;fha Nd.Hjka; u wjia:dj' tys § yuq jQ f.damskd;auy;d m%odkh l YsIH;ajhla ksidhs t; udg Ndr;hg f.dia k¾;kh ;j ÿrg;ayeoeÍfï Nd.Hh ,enqfKa'fï oekqï iïNdrh Ndú; lrñka t; ud k¾;k l,dfõ . Kd;aulNdjh j¾OkhlsÍug l fiajh jpkfhka lshkak neß ;rï Wodr hs' tA nj fcHaIaG uydpd¾huqÈhkafia Èidkdhl uy;d" Y%S ,dxflah kj k¾;k l,dfõ mqfrda.dñfhda kïlD;sfhys i yka lrkafka fufyu hs(“Y%S ,xlsl kj k¾;k l,dj jv jvd;a foaYSh k¾;k" .dhk" jdok wxY ; skam%;sfmdaIKh lsÍug lem jQ uyd mqreIhd f,i ye kaúh yels wdpd¾h tia'mŒNdr;hka fkdisákakg j¾;udk Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, k¾;k l,dj u; fkdjúYajúoHd, wOHdmkh f;la meñ‚ foaYSh k¾;k l,dfõ wd.ukh óg jvdfjkia uqyqKqjrla .kq we;'”fï m%ldYfhka u mŒNdr;hka k¾;k l,djg l fufyh jegfykjd we;s' 1948Ndr;fha isg YS% ,xldjg meñ‚ mŒNdr;hka fld U rdclSh úoHd,fha . rejrhl f,i fiajh lrñka isiqkaf.a olaI;d lr shg .kakg fjfyiqKd' óß.u fcHaIaGmdGYd,dfõ kegqï . rejrhd f,i t; ud l fiajh ;j;a mq¿,a jkakg" óß.u. re wNHdi úoHd,fha lÓldpd¾h ;k; r fya; jqKd' k¾;kh Wfoid t; ud l fiajfha ikaêia:dkh jQfha rcfha ,,s;l,dh;kfha úÿy,am;s Oqrh ysñ ùu hs'fuu l,dh;kh 1959 § Wvrg kdgH l,d úoHd,h f,i kï flrefKa t; udf.aoeä lem ùu u; hs' 1962 § tlS úoHd,hg my;rg kegqï iïm%odh y kajd §" ta i ydmdGud,d ilia lr" lÓldpd¾hjreka m;a lr f.k kdgH úoHd,hg . Kd;auljQ kj fmr shla ks¾udKh l d' t;ekska t; udf.a ld¾hNdrh kej; fKa keye'1974 uehs 01 Èk fï úoHdh;kh YS% ,xld úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaO l d' tys k¾;kwOHhkdxYfha m%:u wxYdêm;s jQfha;a t; ud hs' ta ksid u Tyqg k¾;kfha ÈhqKqjgúúO jevms sfj fh§ug Yla;sh ,enqKd'17fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
k¾;kh yodrkakka ; inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh ms sn j o mQ¾K oekqula ;sìhhq; njg t; ud ; ;snqKq úYajdih ksid 1978 § inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh ofi!kao¾h wOHhk wdh;kfha mdGud,djg tl; l d' inr.uq k¾;kh b.ekaùui yd isßfndaydñ kï ndysr wdpd¾hjrhl fhdod f.k úYsIag ;SrKhla ls%hd;aullrñka k¾;kfha foaYSh iïm%odhka ; k u tys isiqkag bf.k .kak wjia:dji,id ÿkakd' k¾;kfha wiaila uq,a,la kEr yodrkak isiqkag wjia:dj i,id §urgg cd;shg l uyÕ fiajhla' ‘fyajqâ’ kñka ye kajqKq k¾;k úoHd wdh;kh2005 § fi!kao¾h l,d úYajúoHd,h njg m;a jQfha t; udf.a mqfrda.dñ;ajhksi hs' fï jk úg il, l,dx.hka yodrk úoHd¾Òkaf.a f;da;ekak ù we;af;afï úYajúoHd,h hs't; udf.a uqúka u mjik mßÈ bkaÈhdfõ § ;ud W.;a Nr;" l;l,s" u‚mqßjeks k¾;k iïm%odhkaf.a wdNdih foaYSh k¾;kfha ,diH . Kh jeä lrkakgt; ud fhdod .;a;d' ta ksid k¾;k l,dfõ m%dix.sl nj j¾Okh jqKd' Wvrg"my;rg yd inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhkaf.a . K iqj y kd .;a t; ud ;u oekquyd ks¾udKYS,S m%;sNdj fufyhjd foaYSh k¾;k l,dj f,dalhg f.k .shd'ngysr c¾uksh" reishdj" tx.,ka;h" mdlsia;dkh" lekvdj" cmdkh" bkaÈhdj"fpfldiaf,dajelshdj wdÈ úúO rgj,g foaYSh k¾;kfha yev jev fmkajdmsg/áhka uú;hg m;a lrñka ,xld ud;djg lS¾;shla f.k ÿka t; ud uyd hq.mqreIfhla't; ud i; jdok yelshdj m%fhdackhg .ksñka jßka jr y kajd ÿka fnr jdok"k¾;khg w;HjYH jQ jdokfha ÈhqKqjg;a t; udf.a .dhk yelshdj" k¾;kfham%Odk wx.hla jQ .dhkfha ÈhqKqjg;a ufydamldß jqKd' rfÜ úúO m%foaYj,l,dh;k ìys lrkakg;a tajdg wjYH Wmfoia yd fidhd ne,Sï lrkakg;a t; udmqreÿj isáhd' fm!oa.,sl .ukla ìukla hoa§ mjd f;dú,hla" .ïuvqjla" fldfydUdlxldßhla ÿgq úg u la kej;S tajdfha ri ú kakg t; ud miqng jqfKa keye'‘k¾;kfha mshd’ f,i y kajk t; ud k¾;k l,djg l fufyh fuf;lehsúia;r lsÍu wmyiq hs' foaYSh k¾;kfha rka i,l K t; ud hs' oeka wms t; udf.a ks¾udK lSmhla ri ú uq' ta ks¾udKj, fldgia lSmhl tl; jlaoeka Tng kerôh yels hs'&1954 § ì%;dkH uy /ðk bÈßfha rÕ oelajQ f.dhï lemSfï kegqu wo idïm%odhslkegqula njg m;a fj,d' kdß,;d kegqu" fudkr kegqu" ovhlalref.a rx.khwdÈh;a t; ud bÈßm;a l fnr ixèjks;a úfYaIs; hs' ld f.da " uyoekuq;a;d"fldaÉÑh" mka fk Su" fmdrfmd,a msáh" .%y wm,h" .%y n,h" iqrka úialï wdÈh18fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
foaYSh uqyqKqjrla .;a ks¾udK hs' fmd,a.fia jreK" .ïudfka u,a msms,d" iS.sßwiak jeks ks¾udK uqød kdgH ffY,sfhka ksuejqKq kdgH hs' yia;s ldka; uka;f¾"fjiaika;r" isßiÕfnda" yßYapkaø hk kdgHj, rx. úkHdih ks¾udKd;aul f,iilid foñka fõÈld kdgHhg;a" isl re ;rej" l re neoao" wfYdald jeks ú;%mgj,k¾;k ks¾udKh lrñka Ñ;%mghg;a iyNd.s jqKd' fï iEu lafIa;%hl u ;uyelshdj m%o¾Ykh l d'foia úfoia lS¾;shg m;a jQ t; ud fjkqfjka msÿKq iïudk fndfyda hs' Ôj;aj isáoa§o t; ud fjkqfjka wkqiaurK Wf, la meje;ajQjd' t; ud thska fndfyda i; gg m;ajqKd' Ôú;fha ,enQ by u iïudkh f,i t; ud th w.h l d' 1991 § le,‚húYajúµd,fha fi!kao¾h wOHhk wdh;kh u.ska msßkuk ,o wdpd¾h Wmdêh;a1999 inr.uq úYajúµd,h u.ska msßkuk ,o idys;HiQÍ Wmdêh;a 2002 § YS% ,xldl,d uKav,h u.ska msßkuk ,o úfYaI iïudkh;a" 2003 § msßkuk ,o úfYaIiïudkh;a t; udf.a Wodr;u fiajh w.h lsÍu i yd mqokq ,enQ Wmdê iïudk hs'ta;a t; udf.a kduhg l úYsIag u Wmydrh jkafka tjlg cd;sl k¾;k yd uqødkdgH wkquKav,h úiska 2006 § t; udf.a ckau Èkh jk fmnrjdß 24 cd;slk¾;k Èkh f,i kï lsÍu hs'f,dalh u ch .ksñka" t; udf.a ku oi foi m; rjñka" t; udf.a fijfKysyeÿKq jevqKq isiq ore oeßhkaf.a YS¾I m%Kduh t; ud ,o W; ï u iïudkh hs'fï fYa%IaG . rejrhdf.a udkj ohdj ;u f.da,nd,hska Èßu;a lrkakg iu;ajqKd' Tjqkag f,dalhg msúfikakg mdr fmkakqjd' fï ioaNdjh t; udg ,enqfKat; udf.a . rejrekaf.ka yd ióm;uhkaf.ka' uyd;aud .dkaê" rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾"cjy¾,d,a fkare" flar uyd lú kdrdhka" rdfÊkaø m%idoa" ifrdaðkS kdhsÿ jeksfYa%IaGhskaf.a yd yßodia kdrdhka" rdï f.damd,a iy Woh Yxl¾ jeks m%ùKhkaf.aweiqr t; udg ,enqKd' ví' î' ul f,d j" tâúka iurÈjdlr" Ñ;%fiak vhia" fYaIdm sylaldr jeks úoaj; kaf.a weiqr t; udg ,enqKd' fï weiqr yd . reyrelï Tyqf.aÔú;fha wdf,dalh hs' flfkl f.a id¾:l;ajhg Tyq yd weiqf¾ miqjk W; ïñksiqka o n,mdk nj fuhska Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;s'fï fYa%IaG ñksid wm w;ßka fjka ù .sfha 2006 fmnrjdß 20 od hs' th rfÜ uwjdikdjla' 1920 fmnrjdß 24 jeks Èk fuf,dj t sh ÿgq t; ud uq¿ Ôú;h u lemlf a k¾;kh fjkqfjka' k¾;kh f,dj mj;sk ; re mj;sk l,djla' ta f,iskau f,dj mj;sk ; re k¾;kh yd nef k kduhls wdpd¾h tia' mŒNdr; hkak'k¾;k odhdoh mrmqfrka mrmqrg f.k hkakg ;ud jeks u olaI jQ f.da,hka ,laI.Kkla t; ud w;ska ks¾udKh jqKd' k¾;kfhka f,djla ikikakg" f,djlafkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'19
k jkakg ta isiqka iu;a fj,d ;sfhkjd' kej; fï ud;D N ñfhys u bmso fïk¾;k l,dj ;j ;j;a bÈßhg f.k hkakg Wr fokakg t; udg yels fõjdæ hswms ish fokd u m%d¾:kd lruq'tA jf.a u fï . KdkqiaurK foaYkh ud wjika lrkafka t; udf.a Ôú;fhka Tng,nd .; yels wdo¾Y f.k Tfí Ôú;h rgg oehg jevodhS f,i .; lrkak wÈgkalr .kakd f,i b,a,d isáñka' oeka Tng t; udf.a rej" y yd oialï oelafjkùäfhda mghla keröug ud wjia:dj i,ikjd' thska t; ud ljqrekaoeZhs Tngmila fõú''' ish fokdg u iqn ojila fõjdæwjfndaOh1' mdvfï we; ;a foaYkh mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak' thg ijka § wdpd¾h tia'mŒNdr;hkag wod f;dr; re weiqfrka my; i yka wdlD;sh iïmQ¾Klrkak'uq,l re iu. ku(Wmka Èkh(Wmka ia:dkh(wOHdmkh ,nd ÿka . rejre (odhl jQ ks¾udK(,nd .;a iïudk yd Wmdê(oerE ;k; re (cd;sl k¾;k Èkh yd mj;sk iïnkaOh (ióm;ufhda (yelshdjka fmkajQ lafIa;%(ñh .sh Èkh (2' mKSNdr; pß;fha Tn is;a .;a . Kdx. folla ,shkak'20fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
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ii m uqjk uqøKh 2017 fojk uqøKh 2018 ; kajk uqøKh 2019 isõjk uqøKh 2020 ish ysñlï weúßKs
