Transcription
isxy,NdIdj yd idys;Hh11 fYa%‚hwOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; ji
m uqjk uqøKhfojk uqøKhf;jk uqøKhisõjk uqøKhmiajk uqøKh20152016201720182019ish ysñlï weúß‚ISBN 978-955-25-0408-2wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; j úiskamsgfldaÜfÜ" mdf.dv mdr" fkd' 110"isidrd m%skaÜfõ m%hsjÜ ,sñgâysuqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§'ii
Y%S ,xld cd;sl .ShY%S ,xld ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;diqkaor isßnßkS" iq/ w;s fidanudk ,xldOdkH Okh fkl u,a m,; re msß ch N ñh ruHdwmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;dms s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcdkfuda kfuda ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;dTn fõ wm úoHdTn u h wm i;HdTn fõ wm Yla;swm yo ; Nla;sTn wm wdf,daflawmf.a wkqm%dfKaTn wm Ôjk fõwm uqla;sh Tn fõkj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N ñ lrdtl ujlf. ore le, neúkdhuq huq ù fkdmudfm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;dwm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;diii
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjdatl ksjfiys fjfikdtl mdge;s tl reêrh fõwm lh ; ÿjkdtneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhdatl f,i tys jefvkdÔj;a jk wm fuu ksjfiafid k isáh hq; fõieug u fu;a lreKd . fKkSfj S iu.s oñkSrka ñKs uq; fkd j th u h iem;dlsis l, fkdu Èrkdwdkkao iurfldakaiv
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fmrjokf,dalfha wd¾Ól" iudÔh" ixialD;sl yd ;dlaI‚l ixj¾Okh;aiu . wOHdmk wruqKq jvd ixlS¾K iajrEmhla .kS' ñksia w;a lSï";dlaI‚l fjkiaùï" m¾fhaIK iy kj o¾Yl weiqfrka bf.kSfï ydb.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh o kùlrKh fjñka mj;shs' tys§ YsIH wjYH;dj,g.e fmk f,i bf.kqï w;a lSï ixúOdkh lrñka b.ekaùï l%shdj,shmj;ajdf.k hdu i oyd úIh ks¾foaYfha lafjk wruqKqj,g wkql ,j"úIhdkqnoaO lreKq we; ;aj fm fmd; iïmdokh ùu wjYH h'fm fmd; hkq YsIHhdg bf.kSfï WmlrKhla muKla fkdfõ' thbf.kqï w;a lSï ,nd .ekSug;a keK . K j¾Okhg;a p¾hduh ydwdl,amuh j¾Okhla iys;j by wOHdmkhla ,eîug;a bjy,a jkwdYS¾jdohls'ksoyia wOHdmk ixl,amh h:d¾:hla njg m;alrñka 6 fY%aKsfhaisg 11 fYa%Ksh olajd fm fmd;a 91la muK rcfhka Tng ;s sK flf¾'tu .%ka:j,ska Wmßu M, ,nk w;r u tajd /l .ekSfï j.lSu o Tni; nj isysm;a lrñ' mQ¾K fm!reIhlska fyì" rgg jevodhSs hym;amqrjeishl ùfï mßph ,nd .ekSug fuu fm fmd; Tng WmldÍ fj;ehsuu wfmalaId lrñ'fuu fm fmd;a iïmdokhg odhl jQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqïuKav, idudðl uy;au uy;aókag;a wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;f õld¾h uKav,hg;a udf.a ia; ;sh m lr isáñ'ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl"wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; j"biqremdh"n;a;ruq,a,'2019'04'10vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKhví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhlwOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,awOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jfufyhùuví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,swOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ixj¾Ok&wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jiïnkaëlrKhm%.S;sld chfialriyldr flduidßiawOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jixialdrl uKav,h1' r;akisß wrx.,uydpd¾hYS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h2' i f.dañ fldamrfyajduydpd¾hfld U úYajúoHd,h3' B' wd¾' ksu,a fma%ul udrfcHaIaG lÓldpd¾hcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh4' Ys%hdks wfíúl%uksfhdacH wOHlaINdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYhwOHdmk wud;HdxYh5' m%.S;sld chfialriyldr flduidßiawOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jNdId ixialrKhuydpd¾h mS' î' talkdhlvii
wjidk we.hSu1' uydpd¾h úu,a Ô' n,.,af,a2' uydpd¾h r;ak úfÊ; x.f,aLl uKav,h1' khk ;s,la r;akdhlúY%dñl isxy, úIh wOHlaI" -je,a,jdh2' mS' Ô' Ô' .hd jehsfyak. re WmfoaYll,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" fydaud.u3' î' ã' iqks,a ìhkaú,. re fiajh.sß úl%uYs,d cd;sl mdi," .sßW,a,4' ví,sõ' tï' tka' nKavdr . re fiajhnm .ï fodïfm uy úÿy," fodïfm5' wreK m%§ma; fldaÜfgf.a . re fiajhy Wvu,, uy úÿy," Wvu,," yïnkaf;dgfidaÿm;a lshùuch;a mshoiqkal¾;D uKav,h" is¿ñK",xldfõ iSudiys; tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.umsgljr ks¾udKhbkaÈl . Kj¾Okmß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackhtia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIsmß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl"wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka; jviii
mgqk1o od fmryer1jpk fjka fldg ,sùu62ÿlg lshk lú iSmo83wlaIr ud,dj yd wlaIr úkHdih134úYajfldaIh25isxy, wldrdÈ ms sfj 285riska ri ujk nia uysuh336jdlH Í;s41l¾;D ldrl l¾u ldrl fNaoh42úfYaI jdlH Í;s457jdlH rpkh498idys;H ri úkaokh yd úpdrh56idrdxYlrKh969Èhjr isßir73ix
10YS%u;a whsj¾ fcksx.aia8011úNla;s8912ni bmÿKq ieá wikq h úia;rrdcldß yd jHdmdßl ,sms ,sùu10011013nyq úO udOH Ndú;hì;a;s mqj;am;a ,sms yd iÕrd ,smsl; jels;Sre ,sms11311711811914rg jgd mo rgdikaê12112715iudi12916fYdalh;a rihla l ñksfila13717m%;Hhd¾: kdu145146153;oaê;lDoka;18ñys ,sh k f,a wxck ;s,fla'''1561920n kaf.däka .eÆ meKir fu;a .Õ ,woH;k idys;H ks¾udKhkays NdIdjwjHh moj; r u,mqj;am;a jd¾;d" kaùï iy m%dfhda.sl f,aLkmqj;am;a jd¾;d kaùïfj kaùïwdlD;s m;% ilia lsÍu yd iïmQ¾K lsÍuiqNdIs;hw;aoelSï m%;sks¾udKhYS% ,xldfõ cqrdisl hq.húrdu ,laIK;, u, msms,dw;aoelSï yd kdgH msgm;a rpkhidïm%odhsl 2236212223242526x
1o od fmryerwei wei fyj;audifhyscQ,s udifhys cq,s-wf.daÈjhsifa;ka & m%OÈjhsdk fúydriaka m%:Odkdkúydrialsysmhla:dk uqls,a ysmfldghla uqf.k,a fldgmeje;af.kfjkmeje;aw,xldrfjkw,xldrfmryer foafmryerYSh ckhdf.afoaYShfukackhdf.au úfoaYslfukahkaf.a ouúfoawdl¾IKhgYslhkaf.a ,lao wdl¾IKhgjQ foaYSh ixia,lalD;sjQldx.hlsfoaYSh'ixiauykqljD;sr"lw ;adx.hlskq' uykqjr" kj.uqjr fukaj" fojqu l;r.u"kaor" r;afojqkmqkraoh"r"w ;al;r.ukqjr"wdÈkj.uqia:dkj,j" r;aokwei mqrh wdÈfmryeria:dkj,meje;awei jqKfmryero b;d W;ameje;al¾IfhkajqK o b;dwei W;afmryerl¾Ifhkameje;awei ffmryerjkafkameje;auykqjfrjkao odfka ud,suykq.djjr wdYso od%;jud,sh' .dj wdYs%;j dokjdokyd rx.kyd rx.kwx.rdYswx.hlsrdYska hydlskbmer‚a yd bmer‚pdß;%j,spdß;%ka iukaj,skúa ;iukafï úfmryer; fïYSfmryer"% ,dxflah YSwkkH;dj% ,dxflah ms wkkH;djsìUq lrk W;ams isìjhlaUq lrkf,iie,flhsW;aijhla' wfmaf,iwei ie,flhsfmryer' mer‚wfma wei ;amej;swei wdIdVfl sfW;aha imßKdufhkaj fyj;a wei we;sjQfl sjla fiafha msmßKdufhka s.efka' uykqwe;sjr wei jQjlafmryerfia ie,flhsj¾;udk'uquykqyqKqjjrr f.kwei we;afmryerf;a lS¾;sj¾;udkYS% s YS% ' rdcisúúOxym%frcoaYj,iufhkawei miqfmryerj njmeje;afmfkaf'jkqúúOfham%ftaoaYtaj,m%fwei oaYhgfmryerwêm;s meje;afia ie,flkfjkqfhafoúhl ta ta m%foauqY,hga lrwêm;s.ksfiañksie,flk' tfy;a foúhl uykqjruq,wei a lrfmryer.ksñks' uykqo odjjruqwei ,a ;ekafmryerys ,d o odjmeje;auqf,jka ;ekafn!oays,dOufydameje;a;aifjkjhla fn!oajk Ow;rufydathg;aimßjdrjhls' jYfhkatfy;a thgúúOfoújrekamßjdr jYfhkaiïnkaúúOO lrfoújreka.ekSu isiïnkaÿ flf¾'O lrtfyhs.ekSukao odisÿ flf¾'fmryertfyhsúúOka o odwd.ï fmryerw;r iyÔjkhúúO wd.ïj¾Okhw;rlrkiyÔjkhpdß;%j¾Okhjdß;%j,slrkka iukapdß;%ú;pdß;%jQjlaj,sfiaka iukaw.h úl ;yelsjQjlah'fiaisxy,w.húYal jfldayelsIfha h'; kisajxky,ldKaúYavjfldafha wei Ifhafmryer; kajk ldKauefhkavfhajkwei ,smfmryersh wdY%fuefhkahka iïmdÈ;jk ,smfïshmdvuwdY%fhkao odiïmdÈ;fmryerfuums sn mdvufláo odye kafmryerùuls' ms sn flá ye kaùuls'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'1
o od fmryer wdrïN jQfha ljod o hkak ms sn ksYaÑ; ks.ukhla Èh yels fkdfõ' úch m%uqL W; re bkaÈhdkq wd¾h ckhdf.a wd.ukh iu. oUÈj mej;s wdIdVW;aijh fuys o meje;aùug lghq; fh§u wei fmryer wdrïN ùug fya; jQ njfuys wdrïNh iïnkaO tla woyils' wei fmryer" iqrdiqr hqoaOfha § iqrhkach.%yKh ,eîu ieuÍug wdrïN jQ njg o u;hla fjhs' ;j;a woyila kïjxlkdisl ;siai rcq ls%'j' 110-113& iufhys fid S wdl%uKfha § meyer .;a isxy,isrlrejka 12000la o 12000la fid S ckhd o md;%d Od; j o iu. m;a;sks foaúhf.arka i,U wdÈ mQcH jia; " .cnd rcq úiska kej; isß,lg f.k tau isys lsÍugwei fmryer wdrïN jQ nj hs'j¾;udk uykqjr wei fmryef¾ wdrïNh ls%'j' oy wgjk ishji ueo Nd.fha §muK isÿ jkakg we;ehs ie,fla' Bg we; ;a jQfha kd:" l;r.u" úIaKq" m;a;skshk i;r foajd,fha fmryer mu‚' je,súg irKxlr ix rdc ysñhkaf.a wkqYdikdmßÈ lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rcq ls%'j'1747-1782& úiska tlS i;r fmryerg o od ud,s.dfõfmryerla o tla lsÍu fya; fjka wei fmryerg fn!oaO uqyqKqjrla ,enqKq fiaie,lsh yels h' ta wkqj j¾;udk o od fmryef¾ wdrïNh lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rcoji isÿ jQ fia ie,lSu fhda.H h'mer‚ o od fmryer ixialD;sldx. m%o¾Ykhg jvd rdcH n,h fmkaùfï wjia:djlajQ nj mer‚ jd¾;d msßlaiSfï § fmkS hk lreKls' tjlg ,xldfõ wdKavqldrjrhdjQ YS%u;a tâjâ ndkaiaf.a wjirh mßÈ 1828 uehs 29 Èk meje;ajqKq o od fmryerms sn ,sÅ; úia;rhg wkqj" fmryer wdrïN ù we;af;a hqoaOdpdr uOHfha h'“ld,; jlal fjä iy fldä; jlal úismy .Kka .; fkd yels ;rïuy;a f daIdjla tod meje;a; jd h' fuhdldr uy;a f.!rjfhka lr vqjjevujd f.keú;a we;d Õ isáh m,af,a.ïmfya uyks,fï w;gW; udKkajykafiaf.ka lr vqj ,enqKd h' we;d msg isáh ud;f,aÈidm;s uy;auhd iy Wvm df;a Èid uy;auhd;a úiska rkays,sf.awNHka;rhg lr vqj jevujd we;d msáka ìug neyemq ;ek f;ajdjNdKav wr.;a iEu ro,jre úiska u W; udKkajykafiag jev isàug;kd ;snqK m%:u uKavmhg W; udKkajykafia le jdf.k f.dia tysfmdfrd;a; l d h'”tl, w,s we; ka msßjrd .;a m%foaYSh kdhlfhda Tjqkaf.a Oc iy ,dxPk /f.kyuqqodj msßjrd f.k fmryerg tla jQy' j¾;udkfha th o od ud,s.dfõ ks,OdÍkaiy .x oyfha úodfk,d we; ¿ m%dfoaYsl iq¿ ks,OdÍka msßilg iSud ù ;sfí' by;oelajqK wjêhg jvd j¾;udkfha o od fmryer k¾;kdx. /ilska iukaú; h'fjia kegqï wdÈ úÑ;%dx. /ila thg tla ù ;sfí'2fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
o od ud,s.dfõ kel;a fudfydÜgd, úiska kshu lrkq ,nk iqn fudfyd;ska ‘lmaisgqùfuka’ fmryer wdrïN fjhs' lma isgqùu hkq i;r foajd,fha msßila wei uiwudjl Èkg Èk lsysmhlg fmr m, fkd yg .;a fldia .ilg mqo mQcd mj;ajdtys wrla .;a foúfhla fõ kï bj;aj hk f,i wdhdpkd fldg .i lmd" tyslf ka ßhk ne.ska È.e;s fldgia i;rla lmd f.k foajd, i;rg fnod f.kfmryeßka f.k f.dia foajd, N ñfhys isgqùu hs'i;r foajd,fha lmqjka foajd,hg wh;a rka wdhqO lm jgd jevu lrjk" l v"fldä" fiai;a" ojq,a" fydrKE iys; fmryer" ‘foajd, fmryer’ f,i ye kafjhs'th lma isgqjQ Èk isg mia Èkla ikaOHd ld,fha meje;afjhs' mia jk Èkfha isjqfoajd,fha niakdhl ks,fujreka we; ¿ ks,OdÍyq rkaisúf.hl rka wdhqO ys jdrkaisúf.h we; msg ;nd fmryeßka wjq;a o od ud,s.dj bÈßmsg foaj ixysf a § o odlr vqj iys; rkaisúf.h jevujk" ud,s.dfõ we;d m%uqL fmryer fmrgq lr f.kmia Èkla ùÓ ixpdrh lr;s' fuh ‘l U,a fmryer’ kï fjhs' fmruqfKa rd,".ckdhl ks,fï" ldßhlrjk rd," Èhjvk ks,fï wdÈ ks,OdÍka o lilrejka"fldä" fiai;a" mkaoï orkakka" mdjv t kakka" ojq,a" fnr" fydrKE wdÈhjhkakka" keÜgqjka" mkaf;arelrejka wd§kaf.ka fï fmryer iukaú; fjhs'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'3
i;r foajd,hkays foajdNrK jevujk jdyk rka foda,s&" l U,a fmryer wdrïN ùmia jk Èkfhys fmryer w.g tla flfrhs' ‘rka foda,s fmryer’ kñka ye kafjkafkath hs' o od fmryef¾ l gm%dma;sh f,i ie,lsh yels fuu fmryer fyaúislrejkayd fydrKElrejka" keÜgqjka" w,s we; ka wd§kaf.ka m%udKd;aulj l U,a fmryergjvd úYd, jk w;r u úÑ;%;ajfhka o wkQk h' fuh o Èk myla uq¿,af,ameje;afjk w;r wjidk Èk foflys fmryer w;sYh w,xldrj;aj mj;ajkq ,efí'lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rc iuhg fmr we;a fmryef¾ tla mfilska rka foda,s f.k hEfïisß; mej;sh o rcqf.a ksfhda. mßÈ th fmryef¾ w.g tla jQ nj lshefõ'rka foda,s fmryef¾ mia jk Èk rd;s%fha fmryer wjidkfha wia.sß úydrfhawdodyku¿ úydrfhys lr vqj pdß;%dkql ,j ;ekam;a flfrhs' miqod w hu i;rfoajd, fmryer .egfò f;dfÜ Èh lemSug tla fjhs' Èh lemSu iqr wiqr hqoaOfha§ wiqrhka uerE lvq iqrhka úiska fia§u ixfla;j;a lrkq ,nk njg u;hls' tams sn wfkla woyi jkafka .cnd rcq iu. fid S rgg .sh kS, uyd fhdaOhd ishh.odfjka .id uqyqÿ Èh fonE l whqre oelaùug Èh lemSu isÿ flfrk njhs'foajd,hj, lmq uy;ajre .Õ ueog .uka lr fmryerg isgqjQ lm iy .sh j¾Ifha,nd .;a c,h .x c,hg tl; lr;s' bka miqj rka lvqfjka .Õ Èh fonE lrflKaähg .kakd c,h fmryeßka f.k tkq ,efí' Èh lemSfuka miq uykqjr .Kfoú fldaú,g meñfKk fuu fmryer tys § kej;S mqo mQcdj, ksr; fjhs' ijiajrefõ o od fmryer wia.sß úydrfha § iQodkï jk w;r kshñ; fõ,dj yÕjkfjä y v wkqj isjq foajd, fmryer o tla ù ùÓ ixpdrh fldg iqn fudfyd;skao od ud,s.hg m%úIag fjhs' isjq foajd, fmryer ta ta foajd,h lrd hhs' fuh ‘oj,afmryer’ kï fjhs' ñka miq Èk y;la úIaKq foajd,fha ‘j,shla kegqu’ kue;sYdka;sl¾uh isÿ flfrk w;r i;a jk Èkfha jia fodia yeÍu i yd jk ‘.rd hlakegqfuka’ fmryer yd iïnkaO lghq; wjika flfrhs'4fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
w;S;fha isg fï olajd úúO fjkialïj,g Ndckh fjñka mj;ajd f.k wd kuqÿo od fmryer .uka lsÍfï idïm%odhsl wkqms sfj la o olakg ,efí' tlSfm .eiafï ;sfnk iuyr fmryer wx.j, ixfla;d;aul w¾: o we;s njg woyilamj;S' kshÕfhka yd ÿ¾NslaIfhka rg wdrlaId lr f.k rdcH úpdÍu md,lhdf.ahq; luls' ta i yd c,h w;HjYH h' jeiaig wêm;s bkaø foúhkaf.a ksfhdað;hdf,i rc; ud fï ish,a, ixfla;d;aulj bgq lrhs' lma isgqùu" Èh lemSu wdÈhc,h yd iïnkaO ixfla;d;aul ld¾h fia ie,fla' tksid u o od fmryer c,hwdYs%; W;aijhla f,i o ie,flhs' jeiai wdYs%;j flfrk úÿ,s flàu limsmsrùfuka ixfla;j;a flfrhs' bkaø foúhkaf.a jeis j,dl ¿ fuka u rcqf.aYla;sh o w,s we; kaf.ka ixfla;j;a flf¾' idudkH ckhdf.a iyNd.s;ajfhkaflfrk fmryerj, § w,s we; ka fjkqjg .jhd fhdod .ekSu oelsh yels h'kj.uqj m;a;sks foajd,fha wei fmryer Bg ksoiqkls' fyK yf vys fodaxldrhisys .ekaùug fnr y v fhdod .efkk nj ms s.efka'uq,a hq.fha wei fmryefrys wisßh yd ieris,s pdß;% jdß;% ms ns j foaYhS uQ,dY%hj,fuka u *dyshka" yshxq idx wd§kaf.a foaYdgk jd¾;dj, o i yka fõ' frdnÜfkdlaifa .a ,xldj ms ns .%k:a fhys iy ì%;dkH md,k iufha Wvrg ixpdrhlfhÿKq ffjµ jhsg¾ fydama bÈßm;a l jd¾;dj, lma isgùq fï mgka f.j§u olajdjQ ish úia;r we; ;a lr we;' fcdaka fâú" ú,afy,aï .hs.¾" y¾nÜ l Iua dkawd§kaf.a f,aLkj, o wei fmryer ms ns f;dr; re we; ;a h' ú,shï ,sÜ,audkakeue;a;d wei fmryer Ñ;%hg o k.d we;'úfoaYslhkaf.a weiska ÿgq idlaIsj,g wu;rj uydjxih" §mjxih" odGdjxih"mQcdj,sh" o od isß;" o od mQcdj,sh" o od j; r" t¿ o od jxYh" o od mqj;" o odjreK wdÈ .%ka:j, o ta ta wjêfha o od fmryer meje;ajQ wdldrh ms sn f;dr; re/ila we; ;a h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'5
wjfndaOh1' uq,a hq.fha wei fmryer iukaú; jQfha l uk foajd,hkays fmryerj,ska o@2' ‘lma isgqùu’ hkafkka woyia flfrkqfha l ula o@3' o od ud,s.dj wdYs%; W;aijj,g wjYH ish kele;a ilia lrk ,oafoaljqreka úiska o@4' o od fmryefrys .uka .;a w,s we; kaf.ka ixfla;j;a jQfha l ula o@5' ‘rka foda,s fmryer’ hkq l ula o@jpk fjka fldg ,sùuúfYaIK mohula j¾Kkd lsÍu" úia;r lsÍu" iajNdjh oelaùu i yd Ndú; lrk mo ‘úfYaIKmo’ hs' bka j¾Kkd fjk moh ‘úfYaIH moh’ hs'W.;a úpdrlhd ish idys;H ks¾udK uOHia:j úfõpkh lrhs'by; jdlHfha ‘úpdrlhd’ hk kdu mohg ‘W.;a’ hk úfYaIK moh;a ‘úfõpkhlrhs'’ hk ls%hd mohg ‘uOHia:j’ hk úfYaIK moh;a fhdod we;' kdu mohlguq,ska fhfok úfYaIK mo ‘kdu úfYaIK’ f,i;a ls%hd mohlg uq,skafhfok úfYaIK mo ‘ls%hd úfYaIK’ f,i;a ye kafõ'fuu ljr úfYaIKhla jqj o f,aLkfha § fjk u mo f,i fjka fldg ,sùu Í;shhs' tfy;a úfYaIKh úfYaIHh yd tla fldg ,sùfï iïm%odhla o mj;S'r; u,WKq j; rN p,kN ñ lïmdjr; u,WKqj; rN p,kN ñlïmdjWmi¾.Wmi¾.hla ks;r u kdu mohl fyda ls%hd mohl uq,g tl; jkakls' tksidWmi¾. fjk u mohla f,i f,aLkfha fkd fhfohs'w;solaI f,i wNsO¾uh foiQ wkqkdysñhkag odhlfhda oyï m vqre ms s.kaj;s'fuys w;solaI" wNsO¾uh" wkqkdhl" ms s.kaj;s hk moj, w;s" wNs" wkq" ms s hkWmi¾. olaI" kdysñs" O¾uh" .kaj;s hk mo iu. tlaj fh§ we;'6fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
m%;Hhw¾:j;a kdu mohla fyda ls%hd mohla iEfokafka m%lD;shg m%;Hhla tla ùfuks'kdu mohl kï Yío m%lD;shlg úNla;s m%;Hhla o" ls%hd mohl kï Od; m%lD;shlgls%hd m%;Hhla o tl; fjhs'fufia m%;Hhla m%lD;shlg tla ùfuka ñi ;ks mohla f,i Ndú; fkd fjhs'ñksia wdf.a ñksidf.afuys ‘wdf.a’ hk m%;Hh ‘ñksia’ hkakg tl; j ñi fjk u fkd fhfoa'lr hs lrhsfuys ‘hs’ hk m%;Hh ‘lr’ hkakg tl; j ñi fjk u fkd fhfoa',sÅ; wNHdi1' ' úfYaIK mo fh jpk mylaa mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak' ' my; oelafjk jpkj,g úfYaIK mo fhdod ,shkak' uhd" foudmshka" ßhÿrd" f,aLlhd" fmd;" lrhs" kghs" iskdfihs" ,shhs"ÿjhs2' ' my; oelafjk Wmi¾. fhdod jpk idokak'mr" iq" ÿ" ix" ÿIa" ks¾" wê" ú" m% ' my; oelafjk moj, we;s Wmi¾. háka bß w kak'ksYaYío" w;sri" ikaksfõokh" mn," wjudkh3'm%lD;s yd m%;Hh tla fldg ,shkak'n wd" ß d wd" ñksia wdf.a" fmd;a j," .ia tka"lr ñ" ÿj ;s" kg ñka" n, uq" ,sh ys2' r' uq' kS' i' 180543fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'7
2ÿlg lshk lú iSmoruŒh yeÕSï .eí jqKq rpkdjla idys;H ks¾udKhlafia y kajkq ,efí' idys;H ks¾udKhl .eí jkyeÕSï tys ks¾udmlhdf.a fyj;a rplhdf.a w;aoelSïweiqfrka Wmka tajd fuka u rplhd úiska ld,amksljf.dvkÕk ,o tajd o úh yels h' wo idys;Hh hkq,shkq ,enQjla jqj o ukqIHhd f,aLkh wdrïN lsÍugfmr isg u idys;Hh wdrïN ù ;sì‚' th Y%jHudOHfhka mj;ajd f.k hkq ,enQ w;r ri ú u oisÿ jQfha ijka §fuks' f,aLkh jHdma; jQ miq oijka §u wruqKq lr .ksñka idys;Hh ìys úh' ijka§ ri ú fï § ks¾udKfha w¾:h fuka u thska u; jk Yíoh o jeo.;a fjhs' Yíohmµh w¾:ho mµhfukaw¾:hufuka uo leá fldg .;a idys;H ks¾udKhls' bmer‚Yíoh.µ o ijka §u i yd ,shejqKq nj fmfka' nq;airK"o od isß; jeks isxy, .µ lD;s Bg ksoiqka fjhs'úkaokh ,eîu i yd jk ks¾udKd;aul idys;HhyereKq úg oekqu ,nd .ekSu i yd jk idys;Hh otod mßYS,kh flrefKa Y%jH udOHfhks'fï lúlúfm fm g,shùjiawe;a; fù;awe;at sif;au is.eñjq moiudchlwdlD;sfhksyg'ud;%dK17" kEkd.ekq18" 19 wdÈ- uiam%uidKj,sskd fm%ka auhq;iïnka mµ tysOhlswe; ' lú;aù ;sfí' Wmhqla; jpk ud,dj kEkd - uiaiskdfmf ysfm%auhg,lamokïjkka .eñiudchKh fmf yslsÍugNdIdIK w;si,lkl, .;hg .e fmk nia jyrla Wmfhda.s .eñlrjHjydrhgwkql ,ùu;afïlúfmf ys.ekSu úfYaI wjOdkhg ,la l hq; h' lú fm gid¾:l;ajhgf;afya.eñ; ùiudchl;sfí' NdId,laKIKkEkdw;sk-ajia; ù we;ayg .ekqi,lklúiïnkafmf yswka¾.;hg.e fmkniauiaiskd l,fm%auOhls' ;lúfmf ysWmhqla;jyrlaWmfhda.slr.ekSuúfYaIwjOdkhg,lajpk ud,dj kEkd - uiaiskd fm%auhg mokï jkl ; h' Ñ;%Kh lsÍug fhda.H jpk ùu;a ta.eñ hqiudchfï lúweiqjpkfm frka,shWmÈkù we;afYíod,xldr";a t siu isj.eñq mo wdlD;sjHjydrhgfhks'wkqld ,17"ùu;aud;%18" 19fïwdÈlúm%ufmf ysdKj,skid¾:l;aa hq; mµjtyshg we; fya; ;aù;sf;sí'fí'ù8fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
msf aa meÿr fyakg wrf.kt d meÿr ueiafia tysrgd úhmq w;a fol ugysf;a ÿlg t;fldg lútkjdie;fmkjdisysfjkjdlshfjkjdbr mdhd br wjrgy mdhd y wjrgwe vQ l ¿ uQog tla ud má kEkd fldhs.shdfoda.shdfodajqKdfoda.shdfodatf.dv;a ne,sñ tf.dv;a kqUfuf.dv;a ne,sñ fuf.dv;a kqUfof.dv u ne,sñ fof.dv u kqUisjqmo lshk uu ;kshukef;ahdkef;ahdkef;ahdmef,ahdtf.dv f.dfâ W, f,akdfuf.dv f.dfâ uu iSmofof.dv yßh f.ú,d msksfof.dv f.däka fld;k o kqUw vkafkalshkafkajefgkafkaisákafkaiS; lrk W jma uyiS;, Wyq,kav ug nerejdlef,a uÿre ueis lror f;drmef,a .skak ú;rhs ;kshgÿre;af;ai;af;ake;af;awe;af;aWfò lrg u,a ud,duÿ u,a msfmkjd fyafka jegWfò láka .S iSmo;ju;a .srjq tkjd fmrf.d;kakgÈ.gwykakgmqreoaogwfka .srjqfka ud nikÕd isák ;ek fld;ek omef,a ;ksj ud b f;hsysf;a ÿlg ks ke;sjdwidmkafidhdmkalshdmkalshdmka? ;sia mefha me,a /l ksÈmdkaorg hka;ï weifyafka lvq,a,g tmsákaySfkka weú;a kEkd w;urkafkamsfhkafkaisákafkajkkafkafkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'9
WUhs udhs wms fokakd tl; lef,a lmd j,a fldg,d .sksjejQ l rlalka f.dn oeka l¿fudarhs nxä u iq Õgrka oEle;s wrka fokakd foming fmd; fmÜá mqrjd tl msgkEfka jfrka ta wiajkal ryka meyS fudlg o WU ke;sTmke,s háka fm;s f.daur bfykwe fiaf,a /,s iq Õg kgknq,;a ymd ym iq Õg msôkl ryka lmkakg fyakg jäkafj,d;sh,d.eys,dkeó,disgtlgfk kakgodgkfÕakfÕakfÕakfÕailajd,sys‚ - uy.u fialr 1964&wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍuwiajkaW,f,akd-Tmke,s-;siameh-fof.dvyßh ms -fm;s f.daur -10fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'wia jeÿKq foa" mSÿKq foa" yg.;a foa" wiajekakle,Enoj fjfik" ksYdpr mlaIsfhls W,ud" W,f,akd"W,,sys‚hd" W,f,aks hkqfjka o kï flf¾'W,f,akdf.a y v wms%h ckl fia ie,lSu .eñ úYajdihls'.eñhkaf.a u;h th urKhl fmr ksñ;a;la nj hs'we fï fhdok /,a, we ï yev jev oud w,xldr lr.ekSug fhdod .kakd /,s ud,djls' ldka;d we ï i ydw,xldrhla f,i o Tmke,s fhdod .efka'Èklska w¾Ohla isxy, ld, .Kka l%uh wkqj Èklgmeh yegls' j¾;udk jHjydr mehl ld,hla i yd isxy,meh folyudrla we; ;a h'& ? ;sia meh hkq /hla mykajk ; re ld,hhs'uOHu rd;s%h fome;a;g u iuj ;sfnk fõ,dj'f.hl ;kd we;s ñá mgq fõÈldj" ys .ekSu yd ksod.ekSu i yd ;ekQ ñá ì;a;sh' mqrdK ksfjiaj, fujeksms la ;ekSu o ta u; meÿrla w; rd ;sîu o olakg ,eì‚'f.daur hkq YÍrfha yg .kakd le,e,a úfYaIhls' fuhmqia È,Sr& fya; fjka yg .kakd p¾u frda.hls' tfy;af.daur yg.;a ia;S% YÍrfha fYdaNdjla we;ehs lúfhdamji;s' th lúhdf.a iïu;h hs'
uÿ u,a-ueiai-fia,h-.sß;s,a, l ,fha je,a úfYaIhl yg.kakd u,a ck lúhdks;r ÿgq u,a j¾.h fuh nj fmfka',S fldagq iu Wilska rgdjlg wkqj ;nd yryg ne ks d.ekSug yels jk f,i me,l ;kd .kakd we ,S ;Ügqj"wÜgd,h hk w¾: o fohs'bKg w k m%udKfhka È. froaowjfndaOh1'2'3'4'lúhdf.a is;g ÿl oefkkafka l ula ksid o@kEkd ms sn j u;lhg kxjk isoaê f,i lúhd olajd we;af;a fudkjd o@‘ ud má kEkd’ hk fhÿfuka èjks; jkafka l ula o@fuys l:lhd iy Tyqf.a kEkd wfkHdakH iyfhda.fhka Ôú;h .; l njm%ldY jk mµh l ula o@5' kEkdf.a fl s f,d,a Ôú;h ms sn j ye .Sï biau; lr olajk mµ mdGhlaWmqgd olajkak',sÅ; wNHdi1' my; i yka tla tla fhÿug iudk fhÿu mµ mka;sfhka Wmqgd ,shkak' ' dnd, ' ks d .kakjd ' ueÈhu wjika ù ¹' iS;, we;s ckjdßfha ¹' iS;, ord .kak¹ ' /h myka jk ; re¹ ' kskao hkafka¹ ' iq Õg fi,fjk2' my; bÈßm;a lr we;s tla tla fhÿfï jHx.Hd¾: ,shd olajkak' ' ' ' ¹'¹'rgd úhmq w;a fol ug isys fjkjdwe vQ lÿ¿ uqyqog tla jqKd fodaisjq mo lshk uu ;kshu mef,ahdmef,a .skak ú;rhs ;kshg we;af;awfka .srjqfka ud ni widmkafkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'11
¹ ' ySfkka weú;a kEkd w; jkkafka ¹ ' l ryka meyS fudlg o WU ke;s odg ¹ ' l ryka lmkakg fyakg jäka kfÕa 3' my; i yka tla tla fhÿï i yd mµ mka;sfha we; ;aj ;snQ ckjyr bÈßm;alrkak' ' rgd úhQ ' túg ' ueÈhu ¹' fkdue;¹' fkd yels h¹ ' Tnf.a uqúka¹ ' wE;ska ¹ ' keÕ‚fhda- º' fidhkakº' ksÈj¾ð;j-m%dfhda.sl wNHdi1' mka;sh lKavdhï jYfhka ilia ù mµ mka;sh wdYs%;j my; olajd we;sls%hdldrlï bÈßm;a lrkak' wjYH úg § . re iydh ,nd .kak'1 lKavdhumµ mka;sfha wka;¾.;h meyeÈ,s lrkak'2 lKavdhumµ mka;sfha we; ;a Yío rih WodyrK iys;j úia;r lrkak'3 lKavdhumµ mka;sfha w¾: rih ms sn flá idlÉPdjla mj;ajkak'4 lKavdhumµ ks¾udKh ri ú ñka flá úpdrhla bÈßm;a lrkak'5 lKavdhu. re iydh ,nd f.k by; bÈßm;a lsÍïj, W!k mQrKh" we.hSu" iudf,dapkhisÿ lr" wjik ia; ;sh mqo lrkak'12fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
wlaIr ud,dj yd wlaIr úkHdih3udkjhdf.a jeo.;a u iudÔh yd Ôj úoHd;aulWreuh jkafka NdIdj hs' NdIdjl uqLH iajrEmhjkafka l:kh fyj;a NdIKh hs' È. l,la l:khud¾.fhka ikaksfõok ld¾hfhys ksr; jqKq udkjhdish m‚úvh jeä l,la ;nd .ekSug yd jeä ÿrlalrd f.k hEug f,aLkh ks¾udKh lr .ekSfuysiu;a úh' NdIKh fyj;a l:kh ie,flkafkaukqIHhdf.a udkisl wkqN ;Ska ksfhdackh lsÍfïud¾.hla jYfhks' f,aLkh tlS NdIKh fyj;al:kh oDYH rEm njg m;a lsÍfï ud¾.hls'isxy, NdIdj o f,dj ÈhqKq f,aLk l%u iys; NdIdw; frka tlls' isxy, NdIdj fyda f,aLk l%uh fydaljr odl wrïN ù o hkak iïnkaO ksYaÑ; idOlfuf;la yuq ù ke;' oekg wm yuqfõ we;s f;dr; rewkqj furfgys ,shejqKq wmg yuq jk mer‚u f,aLk ls%ia; mQ¾j ; kajk ishjig wh;a hehsms s.efka' t;eka isg wo olajd isxy, f,aLk l%uhyd wlaIr rEm;a NdIdj;a úmßKduhg ,la fjñkamej; wd wkaou ms sn idOl wm i; h' ta wkqjwdrïNfha § furg Ndú; ù we;af;a wl re 25lskaiukaú; jQ wlaIr ud,djls' wk; rej úúO wjYH;di yd jßka jr úúO wl re tla lr .ksñka j¾OkhjQ isxy, fydaäh wo jk úg wlaIr rEm 60lskaiukaú;j ;sfí'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'13
isxy, NdIdfjka ,sùu i yd Ndú; flfrk wlaIr iuQyh “isxy, wlaIr ud,dj”f,i ye kafõ' fuu wlaIr ud,dj fydaäh" j¾K ud,dj" wl re je, hk kïj,skao ye kafõ'wo Ndú;fha mj;akd isxy, wlaIr ud,dj wlaIr 60lska iukaú; fjhs' tu wlaIrud,dj y kd .ksuq'w wd we wE b BW W! R RD Ì ÏttA ft T T! w&x w&#lL . X ÕpP c [ cgG v V K jH[ack;: o O k 42mM n N u Uhr , jYI i y *iajr 18Tn óg fmr W.;a wlaIr j¾.SlrKh kej; isysm;a lr .kak'² wlaIr uQ,sl m%fNao folls'1' iajr m%dKdlaIr mKl re& 18ls'2' jH[ack .d;%dlaIr .;l re& 42ls'fuu wlaIr úúO m%fNao hgf;a y kd .ksuq'iajr j¾.SlrKhy%iaj flá yq , q& iajr wgls'§¾ Èla . re& iajr wgls'ixhqla; ñY%& iajr folls'wwdwewEbBW R ÌW! RD Ït TtA ft T!² iajr folla ixhqla;j iEfok ksid ft" T! iajr ixhqla;iajr ñY% iajr f,i ye kafõ'w t - ft tal tal - taffll&w T - T! oka; IaGc - okaf;!IaGc&14fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
jHCoack j¾.SlrKhwkqiajdrh mQ¾K kdislHh&úi¾.h úi¾ckSh&j¾.dlaIr 25³ w&x w&#l - j¾.hp - j¾.hg - j¾.h; - j¾.hm - j¾.hj¾.dka; wkqkdisl wlaIrlpg;mLPG:M.cvon X [V KO kN uX[Kki[a[l wlaIr 5Õ c v wka;#ia: wlaIr 4 w¾O iajr&hr,jW!Iau wlaIr 5YIiyuydm%dK wlaIr 10w,amm%dK wlaIr 10³³f daI jH[ack wlaIr27LlPpGg w&x. c v CO VX [ KÕ c vh r ,yuU* w&#: M; moOk j . Vc vOoNnnNuU w&#wf daI jH[ack wlaIr l p15oka; IaGc wlaIrj L* PY IgGi; m: M*³ j¾;udkfha we;eïyq i[a[l wlaIr my Õ" c" v" " U& o we; ;a fldg j¾.dlaIr 30la fiai,l;s'³³ w,amm%dK hkqfjka idudkHfhka ye kafjkafka uydm%dK wlaIr oyhg wkqrEm w,amm%dKwlaIr oyh muKls' tfy;a uydm%dK wlaIr oyh yer fiiq j¾.dlaIr ish,a, w,amm%dK fõ'3' r' uq' kS' i' 180543fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'15
W;am;a;s ia:dkh wkqj wlaIr j¾.SlrKhlKaGc wlaIrwwdlL. XÕy w&#;d c wlaIrbBpPc Co chYuQ¾Oc wlaIrR RD gGvV Koka;c wlaIrÌÏ;:oOk IaGc wlaIrWW!mMnNuUlKaG ;d c wlaIrwewEttA ftlKaG IAGc wlaIrT T!oka; IaGc wlaIrj*mQ¾K kdislH rI,i w&x² X" [" K" k" u wlaIr WÉpdrKh jkqfha kdia l yrh Tiafia Yíoh msg ùfuks'fï wlaIr kdislH wlaIr jk w;r úfYaIfhka tu wl re my j¾.dka;dkqkdislf,i ye kafõ'² Õ" c" v" " U hk wlaIr WÉpdrKfha § w¾O jYfhka kdih o WmldÍ fõ' tuwlaIr w¾Odkqkdisl wlaIr f,i o ye kafõ'ms,s y kd .ksuqjH[ackdlaIrhla m%lD;s jYfhka u y,a wl rla f,i mj;S' tAjdg iajr ixfhda.lsÍfuka y,a iajNdjh ke;sj f.dia myiqfjka WÉpdrKh l yels ;;a;ajhgm;a fõ'jpkhl uq, fhfok iajrh muKla iajrdlaIrfha uq,a iajrEmfhka u ,shkq ,efí'wurR; jbíndt shWi T!IOtfy;a m%lD;s jHCoackhlg iajr tl; l nj fmkaùug úfYaI ,l Kq Ndú;flf¾' tu ,l Kq ms,s ms,a,ï& f,i ye kafõ' ms,a,lska ksrEmKh jkafka iajrYíohls' fï ms,a,la wl rl uq,g" Wvg" hgg" w.g fyda we;eï úg lSm ;eklu fhfoa' tA ixfhda. jk iajrh wkqj hs' jH[ackhlg ‘w’ iajrh tl; jQ njfmkajkqfha jH[ackfha y,a ,l K bj;a lsÍfuks'la w } lï w}uha w ;a W ¾ w } h; rla W ò W ¾ t ka } l Uqfrka16fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
y,a ,l K( y,a ,l K ms,a,la fkd fõ fuh fhfokafka Y oaOjH[ack Yíohla fyj;a iajrhla iu. tla kqjQ jH[ackhlaoelaùug hs'fuys iajrEm folls' jdudj¾;j by ska wjika jk wl re i yd‘ ’ ixfla;h o olaIsKdj¾;j my ska fyda wdk;j ol Kq migfyda wjika jk wl re i yd ‘ a ’ ixfla;h o fhfoa'y,a ,l Kq( ‘ a ’ fldäh&‘ ’ /yek&my; § we;s j. j weiqfrka jH[ack yd tla jk iajrh;a tA i yd fhfok i,l K;ath y kajk ku;a wlaIrhl fhfok wdldrh;a y kd .kak'iajrhla wla wdla wela wEla bla Bla W¾ Wka Wla W!¾ W!ka W!la R;a RDla tla tAï tAla ftla Tla la T!ms,a,ms,s kduhfhfok whqreúfYaIms,a,ula ke;dwe,ms,a,eweoms,a, weoh weldrdxYhEÈla weo ms,a, §¾ weoh §¾ weldrdxYhsbiams,a,S§¾ biams,a, mdms,a,emdms,a,qmdms,a, §¾ mdms,a,E§¾ mdms,a,Q§¾ mdms,a,D.eg we,ms,a,DD.eg we,ms,s folffldïnqjf a ffldïnqj iys; §¾ ;aji,l Kfffldïnq folf-dfldïnqj yd we,ms,a,f-dafldïnqj yd §¾ ;aji,l K iys; we,ms,a,f-!fldïnqj yd .hkqls;a;lúhldishlejqu /yeklEor ?klsßlSgl ,a,rejkkqjKl vhrEu;akQ,lD;%suYdia;DDkaflfi,afla;,h fïihffl,difld Uflda,ufl!Y,Hfkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'17
yd [ ne wl re fia fmkqK o tajd ;ks Yío hs'jH[ackdlaIr fjkqjg fhfok ixfla; lsysmhla isxy, f,aLk jHjydrfhys yuqfjhs'% rldrdxYh - jH[ackhlg mrj nef k z¾Z fjkqjg fhfoa'jlar - jl%P;ar P;%ñ;ar - ñ;%Ñ;ar - Ñ;%f¾MhjH[ackhlg fmr y,aj fhfok zrZ fjkqjg fhfoa'O¾u - Ou–l¾u - lu–j¾Id - jI dH hxYhjH[ackhlg mrj nef k zhZ fjkqjg fhfoa'úoahdj - úoHdji;ah - i;Hffjoah - ffjoHúfYaI wlaIr rEm lsysmhla o isxy, jHjydrfha yuq fõ' tajd fydaähg we; ;afkd fõ'¿ - uQ¾Oc a iu. ixfhda. jQ zWZ iajrh uQ¾Oc q hkak& oelaùug fhfoa'¿- y%iaj uQ¾Oc q¿E- §¾ uQ¾Oc Q‘ ’ iu. W iajrh fhÿKq úg w.g ‘ q’ jYfhka fyda fjk;ams,s rEm fyda fhdokq fkd ,efí'{ - Ê [ wl re fol iïñY%Kfhka ieÿKq ne wl rls'wjfndaOh1'2'3'4'j¾;udkfha Ndú; isxy, wlaIr ud,dfjys uq¿ wlaIr .Kk lSh o@h" r" ," j wlaIr y kajkafka l uk kulska o@Y - I - i - y - * W!IaudlaIr f,i y kajkafka l ula ksid o@nyq,j Ndú; jk i[a[l wlaIr y;r ,shd WodyrK jpk fol ne.ska,shkak'5' wkqiajdrh iys; mo folla o úi¾.h iys; mo folla o ,shkak'18fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
,sÅ; wNHdi1. my; i yka m%ldYkj, ysia;ekaj,g iqÿiq mo fhdod jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak' ' g" " :" l" P" N hk wlaIrj,ska ''''''''''''''''''''''''' hk wlaIr w,am%mdKwlaIr jk w;r ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hk wlaIr uydm%dK wlaIr f,i ye kafõ' ' wlaIr ud,dfõ we;;a ''''''''''''''''''''''' hk iajr fol j¾;udk f,aLkjHjydrfha yuq fkd fõ' ' g" G" v" V" K wlaIr ''''''''''''''''''''''''' wlaIr f,i ye kafõ' ¹' ,Ùldj" [dKh" ñysß ;o l¿ wl ßka we;s wlaIr '''''''''''''''''' wlaIr .Khgwh;a fõ'¹' IaGc wlaIr hkq '''''''''''''''''''''' WmÈk wlaIr fõ'2' my; § we;s moj, jHCoack yd iajr fjka lr ,shkak'Wod - ;drelS - ;a wd" ¾ W" la B ' jeisfhda ' foaYSh ' kexjqKq ¹' m%fõ‚¹' ffjoHjre3' my; § we;s moj, fh§ we;s ms,s kï lrkak'Wod - ;re‚ - mdms,a," biams,a, ' ldhsl ¹' fn!oaOhd ' ieliqu¹' lD;sh ' uqref.aiq4' ' ' ' ¹'¹'rldrdxYh fhÿKq mo ; kla ,shkak'hxYh fhÿKq mo ; kla ,shkak'f¾Mh fhÿKq mo ; kla ,shkak'fldïnqj yd .hkqls;a; iys; mo ; kla ,shkak'mdms,a, fhfok wdldr ; k i yd WodyrK ; kla olajkak'5' my; § we;s nyqjrK m%Yakj,g jvd;a u iqÿiq ms s; r f;dard ,shkak'»' y%iaj iajr muKla we; ;a ms s; r f;darkak' ' w" wd" we" wE ' w" we" b" W ' R" Ì" ft" T! ¹' wE" W!" tA" »»' ‘f.!rjh’ hk mofha we;s ms,s oelafjk ms s; r f;darkak' ' fldïnqj yd mdms,a, ' fldïnqj yd .hkqls;a; ' fldïnqj yd we,ms,a, ¹' fldïnqj yd .egms,a,fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'19
»»»' rldrdxYh" f¾Mh" hxYh" .egms,a, wkqms sfj ska fh§ we;s jrKhf;darkak' ' l%uh" ;l h" kdgHh" mDÓúh ' lD;s%u" j. h" úoHdj" f.!rjh ' kD;H" w.%" i;Hh" ;DK ¹' oDYH" jdlH" ud. " l¾;D»¼' j¾.dlaIr .Khg we; ;a fkd jk wlaIr iys; jrKh f;darkak' ' I" " y" i" Y ' K" v" g" V" G" ' ." l" L" " X ¹' N" M" m" u" nwlaIr úkHdihwlaIr úkHdih hkq lsishï NdIdjlg wod f,aLk jHjydrfha § wjYH ksjerÈyd iïu; wlaIr Ndú;h hs' isxy, wlaIr úkHdih hgf;a y%iaj-§¾ " w,amm%dK uydm%dK" f daI - wf daI m%fNao fuka u K" k" ," fNaoh" ;d c ‘Y’ uQ¾Oc ‘I’yd oka;c ‘i’ ldr fh§u flfrys úfYaIfhka wjOdkh fhduq flf¾' k" K" ," " Y" I" i wlaIr fhfok Í;s 10 fY%a‚fha § y kd f.k we;'& ;j ÿrg;a wlaIrksjerÈj fhÈh hq; wdldrh y kd .ksuq'w,amm%dK yd uydm%dK wlaIr Ndú;hisxy, NdIdfjys uydm%dK wlaIr yuq jkafka md,s yd ixialD; NdIdj,ska f.kwe;s ;;aiu jpkj, mu‚' uydm%dK wlaIr oyhla o Bg wkqrEm w,amm%dK wlaIroyhla o we;s nj by; olajk ,È' tAjd jpkj, fh§fï § iqÿiq mßÈ fh§ug yqreúh hq; h'w,amm%dK wlaIruydm%dK wlaIrlLpPgG;:mM. c v VoOnN j¾.dlaIrhkaf.a m uqjk yd f;jk ;Sre w,amm%dK jk w;r fojk yd isjqjk;Sre uydm%dK fõ'&fï w,amm%dK wlaIr yd uydm%dK wlaIr ksjerÈ f,i fkd fh§fuka jpkj,wre; fjkia úh yels h' my; oelafjk jdlHfhys m%Odk - m%odk hk mo fh§we;s wdldrh wkqj th meyeÈ,s fõ'² m%Odk wuq;a;d ;Hd. m%odkhg iyNd.s úh'm%Odk - m%uqL" uQ,sl hk w¾:h hs'm%odk - mß;Hd.hla" ukd odkh hk wre; fohs'ksodk - fya; " uq,a jQ lreKksOdk - ;ekam;a l jia; j20fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i yd h'
l.pcgv;omnw,amm%dKld,h" Ydlh" f,aLl.‚;h" w.," j¾.pß;" úÑ;%" WÉpckhd" rch" c,cghrh" oDIaáh" úYsIagvlal j" wvd " oeä;,h" u;h" újD;orejd" Woh" lkaomd,s" pdmh" w,amnK" wnrK" iqnL P GV:OMNuydm%dKLKav" f,aLk" f¾Ld Kagd" §¾ " ud Pkaoh" iajÉPh" idlÉPd xldr" uÊ uGmkSh" fldÜGdi" fYa%IaGrEÎ" wdIdV" oDV;r:Qm" m%:u" wjia:dOj," fl%daOh" jDoaOM," ksIaM," f¾M Nh"Nh" wdNrK" lafIdaNi[A[l wlaIr Ndú;hisxy
ii m uqjk uqøKh 2015 fojk uqøKh 2016 f;jk uqøKh 2017 isõjk uqøKh 2018
