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Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSBasic General Knowledge of Chemistry PDFIt is just a matter of seconds to start the Online Chemistry Quiz. But the mostimportant task lies in remembering the Chemistry Questions Answers at the timeof the exam. Try to practice the Online chemistry quiz just as a fun task. So that,you will be able to cope with the Chemistry Subject. Candidates can getthe Chemistry GK in Hindi, Chemistry Objective Questions for Competitive Examsalso.“You can also try the quiz on Chemistry Quiz here – Click Here”What is chemistry? When you hear the word 'chemistry,' there are likely certain images thatcome to mind - molecules, test tubes, the periodic table, maybe even somecool explosions in a movie.But chemistry is so much more than these things! In fact, chemistry isknown as the central science because it touches all other natural sciences,like biology, physics, geology, and more.Chemistry is a physical science, and it is the study of the properties of andinteractions between matter and energy.In other words, chemistry is a way to study the properties, characteristics,and physical and chemical changes of matter.The matter is pretty important because it's anything that has mass andtakes up space - basically, all of the 'stuff' that makes up our world.Chemists study atoms, which are the basic building blocks of matter, as wellinteractions between atoms.Branches of ChemistryChemistry exists whether we define it or not. And because an understanding ofchemistry is so vital in so many other scientific fields, there are several differentbranches of chemistry that exist. In fact, chemistry is often studied so thatscientists can better understand their own field.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 1
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSThere are five main branches of chemistry, each of which has many areas ofstudy.Analytical chemistry Analytical chemistry uses qualitative and quantitative observation toidentify and measure the physical and chemical properties of substances. Ina sense, all chemistry is analytical.Physical chemistry The Physical chemistry combines chemistry with physics.Physical chemists study how matter and energy interact.Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are two of the importantbranches of physical chemistry.Organic chemistry Organic chemistry specifically studies compounds that contain the elementcarbon.Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemicalbonds and very large molecules.Organic chemistry is known as the “Chemistry of Life” because all of themolecules that make up living tissue have carbon as part of their makeup.Inorganic chemistry Inorganic chemistry studies materials such as metals and gases that do nothave carbon as part of their makeup.Biochemistry Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within edge/ 2
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSPeriodic Tables, p, d, f, g block ElementsGeneral Configuration of elementswww.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 3
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSs Block elements s-block elements included the elements of group 1 and group 2 of theperiodic table.s block elements are metals.The elements of group I & II receive their last electron in s-orbital. So theyare called as s – block elements.Most s-block elements are highly reactive metals due to the ease withwhich their outer s-orbital electrons interact to form compoundsThe metals Lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium(Cs) and francium (Fr) which have one electron in their outermost shellbelongs to group I.They are called as alkali metals as they react with water to form hydroxideswhich are strong bases or alkalies.Hydrogen is highly chemically reactive, like the other s-block elements, buthelium is a virtually unreactive noble gas.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 4
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSp Block elements The p – block elements include the elements of group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and18.p block elements are mainly non-metals.p-block metals have classic metal characteristics: they are shiny, they aregood conductors of heat and electricity, and they lose electrons easily.Of the p-block metals, several have fascinating properties.Gallium, in the 3rd row of column 13, is a metal that can melt in the palm ofa hand.Tin, in the fourth row of column 14, is an abundant, flexible, and extremelyuseful metal.d block elements The d-block is in the middle of the periodic table and includes elementsfrom columns 3 through 12.These elements are also known as the transition metals because they showa transitivity in their properties.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 5
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESS The d-block elements are all metals which exhibit two or more ways offorming chemical bonds.The d-orbitals can contain up to five pairs of electrons.d-orbitals can contain up to five pairs of electronsf block elements The f-block is in the centre-left of a 32-column periodic table but in thefootnoted appendage of 18-column tables.These elements are not generally considered as part of any group.They are often called inner transition metals because they provide atransition between the s-block and d-block in the 6th and 7th row.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 6
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESS The known f-block elements come in two series, the lanthanides of period 6and the radioactive actinides of period 7.The f-orbitals can contain up to seven pairs of electrons.g block elements The g-block is a hypothetical block of elements in the extended periodictable.The outermost electrons are posited to have one or more g-orbitalelectrons.The elements do not have f-, d- or p-orbital electrons.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 7
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSChemical BondsWhy atoms form chemical bonds? The basic answer is that atoms are trying to reach the most stable (lowestenergy) state that they can.Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons.If atoms don’t have this arrangement, they will reach it by gaining, losing,or sharing electrons via bonds.Types of BondsThey are 4 types of Bonds Ionic BondCovalent BondPolar BondHydrogen BondIonic Bond Ionic bonding involves a transfer of an electron, so one atom gains anelectron while one atom loses an electron.One of the resulting ions carries a negative charge (anion), and the otherion carries a positive charge (cation).Because opposite charges attract, the atoms bond together to form amolecule.Covalent Bond The most common bond in organic molecules, a covalent bond involves thesharing of electrons between two atoms.The pair of shared electrons forms a new orbit that extends around thenuclei of both atoms, producing a molecule.here are two secondary types of covalent bonds that are relevant to biologyknown as polar bonds and hydrogen bonds.www.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 8
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSPolar Bond Polar bond forms when two atoms connected by a covalent bond may exertdifferent attractions for the electrons in the bond, producing an unevenlydistributed charge.Water is an example of a polar molecule.Hydrogen Bond Two adjacent H2O (water) molecules can form a linkage known asa hydrogen bond when they polarize.Important Chemistry Chemical name and FormulaChemical nameChemicalformulaCommon nameUseAcetic acidCH3COOH H2O5% Solution: WhitevinegarWhite vinegar —5% or "cleaningvinegar"—10%AcetoneCH3COCH3AcetoneNail PolishRemoverAcetylsalicylic acidC9H8O4AspirinAspirinAluminum hydroxideAl(OH)3alumina hydrateantacid tabletsAmmonium bifluorideNH4HF2Ammoniumhydrogen fluorideTtoilet bowlcleanerwww.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 9
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSAmmonium bromideNH4Br—Photographystore/Darkroom;"bleach bath" forphotographdevelopmentGarden/Agricultural supply; by nameAmmoniumphosphate(NH4)3PO4FertilizerAmmonium n/Agricultural supply; fertilizeror pH adjuster forsoilCornstarchAscorbic acidC6H8O6Vitamin CVitamin C tabletsbarium sulfateBaSO4Lithoponeradiocontrastagent for x-raysand CAT scansbismuth subsalicylateC7H5BiO4Pepto-Bismolboric acidH3BO3Ant/RoachKiller, boracic acidThe activeingredient inPepto-Bismol andKaopectate.Ant/Roach Killer.bromthymol blueC27H28Br2O5SpH TestAquarium pH testkitswww.recruitment.guru/general-knowledge/ 10
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSbutaneC4H10caffeineC8H10N4O2calcium carbonateCaCO3calcium chlorideCaCl2calcium hydroxideCa(OH)2calcium hypochloriteCa(ClO)2ButaneThe lighter fluid inhand-held firestarters orcigarette lighters isusually liquidbutane.No-DozOften informulation withcorn starch as abinder.Limestone, Carbonat Chunks: Marble,e of Limelimestone. Powder:Precipitated chalk.Laundry Aid/RoadSalt/De-Icerused to de-iceroads in coldclimates.Also available as alaundry aid; or as aroom, moistureSlaked Lime, gardenused to reducelimeacidity in the soil.—Bleaching powderand someswimming wledge/ 11
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESScalciumCaSO4·1/2H2sulphate, hemihydrat0ePlaster of ParisArt & CraftMore Chemistry ideCO2Common Name—UseCan be foundas a flavouradditive.Sometimesfound in thedrugstore as acream or oralremedy. Itfeels cool likementhol onthe skin.Soot, Graphite, Graphene, Carbonused innanotubes, Fullerenes, Diamond, CcookingharcoalActivatedcharcoal usedin fish tankfiltersand graphite used in pencil.—Dry ice and icecream. Used inair guns and / 12
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESScarbonic ome Greencitric acidC6H8O7Sour SaltcopperCu—Soda water issimplycarbonatedwater, a dilutesolution ofcarbonic acid.food additive.Used in manycommercialfoodpreparationsas a thickenerand gellingagent.Used as agreen pigmentfor fine artpaints.Sold as 'GreenRouge' forpolishingmetal.SourSalt. Also,used for homesoap makingand also inphotographicdevelopment.Electrical wire,copper pipe,and ge/ 13
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESScoppernaphthenateCu(C11H10O2)2cupric naphthenatecyanuric acidC3H3N3O3isocyanuric aciddichloromethaneCH2Cl2methylene alcoholC2H5OHEverclearUsed as awoodpreservative toprotect lumberfrom termites,ants, andotherburrowinginsects.chlorinestabilizer.Used as asolvent,degreaser andadhesiveremover,Available fromhealth foodandnaturopathicsupply storesfor treatinginjuries.Available as95% pureethanol and5% water fromliquor stores inmost states.Also availablein denatured form owledge/ 14
Follow UsCHEMISTRY AWARENESSBasic Static GKAwards and HonorsAbbreviations (General)Banking AwarenessChemistry – General &OrganicFamous Books andAuthorsFamous PersonalitiesImportant Days & YearsGeneral EnglishPhysics AwarenessScience and TechnologySportsComputer AwarenessLet us know your valuable feedback ru/general-knowledge/ 15
Basic General Knowledge of Chemistry PDF It is just a matter of seconds to start the Online Chemistry Quiz. But the most important task lies in remembering the Chemistry Questions Answers at the time of the exam. Try to practice the Online chemistry quiz just as a fun task. So that, you will be
