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I t ionciaPave msoMSSISIPPSIA sp h a l t Asphalt PavingDesign GuidesAentMississippi Asphalt Pavement Association, Inc.

Table of ContentsI t ionciaPave msoMSSIPISSIPA sp h a l t History Of Asphalt.3Asphalt Pavement - Ideal Choice.4General Planning.4Aggregate Base Course .6Asphalt Pavement Surface.7Sample Specifications .7Surface Course Specifications .8Considerations.10Design For Parking Lots. 11sAent

History Of Asphaltassociation representing the asphalt pavement producersof Mississippi. The mission has changed over the life of theassociation as needed. The need for public support of highwayThe story of asphalt begins thousands of years before theconstruction and maintenance neccesitated the primary focusfounding of the United States. Asphalt occurs naturally in bothbe on legislative issues affecting the industry. It is our wish thisasphalt lakes and in rock asphalt (a mixture of sand, limestonemanual will serve you well and we thank you for your interest inand asphalt).quality pavements.The ancient Mesopotamians used it to waterproof templebaths and water tanks. The Phoenicians caulked the seams oftheir merchant ships with asphalt. In the days of the Pharaohs,The national energy crisis underscored the need forEgyptians used the material as mortar for rocks laid along theconservationof natural resources. Since that time, an increasingbanks of the Nile to prevent erosion, and the infant Moses’amountofrecycledasphalt has been incorporated in mixes.basket was waterproofed with asphalt.Today, asphalt pavement is America’s most recycled materialwith more than 70 million metric tons of asphalt paving materialis recycled each year.The first recorded use of asphalt as a roadbuilding materialin Babylon. The ancient Greeks were also familiar with asphalt.The word asphalt comes from the Greek” asphaltos,” meaningNAPA established the National Center for Asphalt“secure.” The Romans used it to seal their baths, reservoirs andTechnology (NCAT) at Auburn University, Alabama, providingaqueducts.a centralized, systematic approach to asphalt research. NCATrecently opened a new research center and test track and is nowthe world’s leading institution for asphalt pavement research.Thomas Telford built more than 900 miles of roads inMAPA partnered with the Mississippi Department ofScotland, perfecting the method of building roads with brokenTransportation (MDOT) in the implemention of the SUPERPAVEstones. His contemporary. John Loudon McAdam, used brokenDesign Processs which is one of the design procedures featuredstone joined to form a hard surface to build a Scottish turnpike.in this manual. This has been a long untraveled process thatLater, to reduce dust and maintenance, builders used hot tarculminated in the superior pavements we produce today.to bond the broken stones together, producing “tarmacadam”Mississippi was the first state in the nation to adopt the systempavements.which is now the standard in most all states. No state has beenmore on the cutting edge of asphalt technology than Mississippi.We are very proud of being recognized as a National Leader inFrederick J. Warren filed a patent for “Bitulithic” pavement, Asphalt Technology advancements.a mixture of bitumen and aggregate (“bitu” from “bitumen” and“lithic” from “lithos,” the Greek word for rock). The first modernasphalt facility was built in 1901 by Warren Brothers in EastThe EPA announced that asphalt plants are no longer onCambridge, Mass.its list of industries considered major sources of hazardous airpollutants.Asphalt design has evolved in recent years to the point thatDuring World War II, asphalt technology greatly improved, we can provide a pavement structure that will perform in anyspurred by the need of military aircraft for surfaces that could condition.stand up to heavier loads.Ultimately, the goal of this publicaton is to provide youthe customer with enough information to develop your ownbest practices guide and to share practical experience to furtherCongress passed the Interstate Highways Act, allotting 51 improve the performance of your pavements.Aspects perceived by users as needing refinement. Thisbillion to the states for road construction. Contractors neededbigger and better equipment. Innovations since then include manual summarizes what changes have been made to theelectronic leveling controls, extra-wide finishers for paving two Superpave system and the rationale for those changes.lanes at once and vibratory steelwheel rollers.1970's625 B.C.1986Early 1800's19002002194219561960's201747,000,000 ESAL's (equivilent single axle loadings) ofFounded in 1968, the Mississippi Asphalt Pavement Mississippi's 4.75 mm low volume mix placed in 2003 at theAssociation, Inc. is a 501-C6 educational and technical trade National NCAT Test track, in Auburn, AL has proven to beunparalled in performance.Mississippi Rides On Us!

Asphalt Pavement - The Ideal ChoiceThe parking lot is the first - and the last - part of a buildingcomplex to be viewed by the user. It is the gateway throughwhich all customers, visitors, and employee’s pass. Thisfirst impression is very important to the overall feeling andatmosphere conveyed to the user.Developers want their new facilities to be attractive, welldesigned, and functional. Though many hours are spent onproducing aesthetically pleasing building designs, the samedesign consideration for the parking area is often overlooked.Pavements in parking areas that are initially under-designed canexperience excessive maintenance problems and a shortenedservice life.When properly designed and constructed, parking areascan be an attractive part of the facility that is also safe, andmost important, usable to the maximum degree.Parkingareas should be designed for low maintenance costs and easymodification for changes in use patterns.This design guide provides general information forproper parking area design, construction, and facility layout.The Superpave Hot Mix Asphalt (Asphalt) mixes that arerecommended for paving parking lots can vary from fine gradedmixes to coarse graded mixes. Each mix type requires that thepaving contractor pay special attention to the plant producedmix properties and the methods that are used during placementand compaction. Two important components of this documentare the section on controlling the volumetric properties ofthe mix during construction and the section on constructionrecommendations for Asphalt paving.Nothing in this manual is to be construed or interpreted as a replacement for a qualified Engineer.Knowledge of the site geology is vital to proper construction design. The soil conditions of Mississippiare varied and can often change within the confinesof a paving project. A soil survey of the propertyby a Geotechnical Engineer is a money savings forthe owner. All too often proper safeguards are established for the facility and ignored in the parkingareas.General PlanningIn developing the parking area plan, several importantdetails should be considered. First and foremost in the mind ofthe developer may be providing the maximum parking capacityin the available space while ensuring convenience and safety. Onthe other hand, the user will be concerned about sidewalk trafficflow, pedestrian visibility, obstructions and signs. Considerationmust also be given to handicap parking. Additionally, areasneed to be set aside for bicycle and motorcycle parking. Whencompleted the parking area should be functional, fit into theoverall theme for the building, and aesthetically pleasing in itsoverall appearance.Criteria have been developed for optimizing parking area space. Among these are the following: Use rectangular areas where possible. Make the long sides of the parking areas parallel. Design so that parking stalls are located alongthe lot’s perimeter. Use traffic lanes that serve two rows of stalls. Special attention should be given to the flow oftraffic in and out of the parking lot as well ascirculating routes inside the parking lot. Keep entrances far away from busy street intersections and from lines of vehicles stopped at asignal or stop sign. Be sure that the entering vehicles can move into the lot on an internal aisle,thereby avoiding entering congestion causedby involvement with turning vehicles. A pedestrian traffic-flow study is important toprovide information about both safety andconvenience. Parking lot markings are a very important element of a good parking lot. The parking area should be clearly marked todesignate parking spaces and to direct trafficflow. As specified in the Manual on UniformTraffic Control Devices (MUTCD), parking onpublic streets should be marked out by usingwhite traffic paint, except for dangerous areas,which should be marked in yellow. However,yellow lines are commonly used in off-streetparking lots. All pavement striping should be four inches inwidth.Smooth Safe Durable & Quiet