WIXLIB

QoS in 5G: Enhancementsfor Connected Cars5G V2X CommunicationsSummer SchoolKing’s College London, UKMassimo CondoluciEricsson Internal 2018-02-21Ericsson Research2018-06-12

AgendaBackground on QoS— What is QoS?— 5G QoS frameworkQoS: V2X needs— V2X use cases— V2X featuresTrends in V2X QoS— Spatial QoS— Action-oriented QoS— Application-QoS adaptationFinal remarksEricsson Internal 2018-02-21

AgendaBackground on QoS— What is QoS?— 5G QoS frameworkQoS: V2X needs— V2X use cases— V2X featuresTrends in V2X QoS— Spatial QoS— Action-oriented QoS— Application-QoS adaptationFinal remarksEricsson Internal 2018-02-21

What is QoS?Quality of Service(QoS) is the ability todiversify differentapplications, basedon applicationfeatures andrequirementsGoals for QoS?Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21Improve end-usersatisfaction— Provide desiredrequirementshttps://goo.gl/63LYDvImprove networkefficiency— Understand differenttypes of traffic— Diversify traffictreatmenthttps://goo.gl/KPdHXD

5G QoS FrameworkClassification & User Plane MarkingPDR (Packet Detection Rule)User Plane Function (UPF)Packet routing & forwarding, Policy ruleenforcement, QoS handlingApplication /Service LayerData packets from applicationsQoS rules(mapping UL packets to QoS flowsand apply QoS flow marking)QFI (QoS Flow ID)QoS Flow(all packets marked withthe same QFI)PDRs(classify packets forQoS flow markingand other actions)Mapping QoSflowsto ANResourcesAN ResourcesUEEricsson Internal 2018-02-21PDU SessionANUPFFor IP PDU Session Type, the Packet Filter Setshall support packet filtering based on at leastany combination of:— Source/destination IP address or IPv6prefix— Source / destination port number— Protocol ID of the protocol above IP/Nextheader type— Type of Service (TOS) (IPv4) / Traffic class(IPv6) and Mask— Flow Label (IPv6)— Security parameter index— Packet Filter direction

5G QoS FrameworkQoS FlowParameters defining the QoS FlowDescriptionGBRFlowNon-GBRFlow5G QoS Identifier (5QI)A reference to 5G QoS characteristics Allocation and RetentionPriority (ARP)Three aspects: Priority level (1-15 – 1 highest) defines the relative importance of a resource request Pre-emption capability defines whether a service data flow may get resources that were alreadyassigned to another service data flow with a lower priority level Pre-emption vulnerability defines whether a service data flow may lose the resources assigned to itin order to admit a service data flow with higher priority level Reflective QoS AttributeIt indicates that certain traffic (not necessarily all) carried on this QoS Flow is subject to Reflective QoS Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate(GFBR) UL/DLThe bit rate that is guaranteed to be provided by the network to a GBR and Delay Critical GBR QoSFlow, over the Averaging Time Window Maximum Flow Bit Rate(MFBR) UL/DLThe MFBR limits the bit rate that is expected by a GBR QoS Flow (e.g. excess traffic may get discardedor delayed by a rate shaping or policing function at the UE, RAN, UPF) Notification ControlIt indicates whether notifications are requested from the RAN when the GFBR can no longer (or again)be fulfilled for a QoS Flow during the lifetime of the QoS Flow Maximum Packet Loss RateUL/DLThe maximum rate for lost packets of the QoS flow that can be tolerated in the uplink and downlinkdirection Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21

5G QoS Framework5QI (1/2)Parameters in the 5QIDescriptionDelayCritical GBRGBRNon-GBRResource TypeGBR, delay critical GBR or Non-GBR Priority LevelUsed to differentiate between QoS Flows of the same UE, and it shall also be used to differentiatebetween QoS Flows from different UEs Packet DelayBudget (PDB)PDB defines an upper bound for the time that a packet may be delayed between the UE and the UPF(for GBR flows, the PDB shall be interpreted as a maximum delay with a confidence level of 98percent if the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR) For a delay critical GBR QoS flows, a packet delayed more than PDB is counted as lost (it can be eitherdelivered or discarded depending on implementation) if the transmitted data burst is less thanMaximum Data Burst Volume within the period of PDB, the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR.For Non-GBR Flows, In uncongested scenarios, 98 percent of the packets should not experience adelay exceeding the 5QI's PDB.Packet ErrorRate (PER)The PER defines an upper bound for a rate of non-congestion related packet lossesAveragingWindowDefined only for GBR QoS Flows, it represents the duration over which the GFBR and MFBR shall becalculated (e.g. (R)AN, UPF, UE).Maximum DataBurstVolumeEricssonInternal 2018-02-21The largest amount of data that the 5G-AN is required to serve within a period of 5G-AN PDB

5G QoS Framework5QI (2/2)5QIValue1011NOTE 41216NOTE 417NOTE umData BurstVolume(NOTE 2)160 B115 ms12TBD10 msNOTE 520 ms10-5320 BTBD10-5640 BTBD1810 ms10-4255 BTBDDiscrete Automation1910 ms10-4TBDDiscrete Automation20100 ms10-21358 BNOTE 3N/ATBDConversational Voice40150 ms10-3N/ATBD3050 ms10-3N/ATBDConversational Video(Live Streaming)Real Time Gaming, V2XmessagesElectricity distribution –medium voltage, Processautomation - monitoring13GBRNOTE 1450300 ms65775 ms6675ENOTE 4FNOTE 410-210-4N/A255 BTBDTBD1910 ms10-41358 BNOTE 3TBDDiscrete AutomationEricsson Internal 2018-02-21N/ATBDN/ATBD567850 ms10 ms10-2TBDRemote control(see TS 22.261 [2])Intelligent transportsystems2518100 ms10-2N/AExample ServicesNon-ConversationalVideo (BufferedStreaming)Mission Critical userplane Push To Talk voice(e.g., MCPTT)Non-Mission-Criticaluser plane Push To TalkvoiceV2X messagesDiscrete Automation2010-6DefaultAveragingWindowNon-GBRNOTE 110100 ms10-660300 ms10-670100 ms10-380300 ms99069560 ms705579806566N/AN/AN/AN/AIMS SignallingN/AN/AVoice,Video (Live Streaming)Interactive GamingN/AN/AVideo (BufferedStreaming)TCP-based (e.g., www, email, chat, ftp, p2p filesharing, progressivevideo, etc.)Video (BufferedStreaming)TCP-based (e.g., www, email, chat, ftp, p2p file10-6N/AN/A10-6N/AN/A200 ms10-6N/AN/A50 ms10 ms10-210-6N/AN/AN/AN/Asharing, progressivevideo, etc.)Mission Critical delaysensitive signalling (e.g.,MC-PTT signalling)Mission Critical Data (e.g.example services are thesame as QCI 6/8/9)V2X messagesLow Latency eMBBapplications AugmentedRealityNOTE 1:a packet which is delayed more than PDB is not counted as lost, thus not included in the PER.NOTE 2:it is required that default Maximum Data Burst Volume is supported by a PLMN supporting the related5QIs.NOTE 3:This Maximum Burst Size value is intended to avoid IP fragmentation on an IPv6 based, IPSecprotected, GTP tunnel to the 5G-AN node.NOTE 4:A delay of 1 ms for the delay between a UPF terminating N6 and a 5G-AN should be subtracted from agiven PDB to derive the packet delay budget that applies to the radio interface.NOTE 5:The jitter for this service is assumed to be 20 msec as per TS 22.261 [2].

5G QoS FrameworkClassification & User Plane MarkingApplication /Service LayerData packets from applicationsQoS rules(mapping UL packets to QoS flowsand apply QoS flow marking)QoS Flow(all packets marked withthe same QFI)Mapping QoSflowsto ANResourcesand other actions)AN ResourcesUEEricsson Internal 2018-02-21QoS Flow:— 5QI— ARP— Reflective QoS— GFBR— MFBR— Notification Control— MaximumPacketPDRspackets forLoss (classifyRateQoS flow markingPDU SessionANUPF5QI:— Resource Type— Priority level— PDB— PER— Averaging Window— Maximum DataBurst volume3GPP introduced DASH-AwareNetwork Element (DANE) tosupport Server and NetworkAssisted DASH (SAND)

AgendaBackground on QoS— What is QoS?— 5G QoS frameworkQoS: V2X needs— V2X use cases— V2X featuresTrends in V2X QoS— Spatial QoS— Action-oriented QoS— Application-QoS adaptationFinal remarksEricsson Internal 2018-02-21

V2X use casesHD/3D mapsMap generationChanges comparedto current mapMapUpdatedmapMaps have static anddynamic layersSensing vehicles can transmit— Raw data (lidar images, etc.)— Object identification (type of object, position, size, etc.)Dynamic information should be delivered before the vehicle reaches the area of interestEricsson Internal 2018-02-21

V2X use casesRemote drivingLocation,speed, etc.FeedbackTraffic conditionsRoad conditionsStatus information ofneighboring RVsVideoFeedbackTrajectory andmaneuverinstructionsHVLocation,speed, etc.HVTrajectoryandmaneuverinstructionsAudio— Some vehicles are able to drive autonomously (less critical command/feedback requirements)— Reach a certain point, suggested speed, etc.— Non-autonomous vehicles have strict command/feedback requirements— Accelerate, brake, steer, etc.Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21

V2X use casesPlatooningPlatoon behaviorand position,Speed, etc.Platoon behaviorand position,Speed, etc.Platoon leaderPlatoon behaviorcan be either set bythe platoon leaderor by a remote hostThe platoon share the same behavior— Trajectory, speed, inter-vehicle distance, etc.— Even for sensor-equipped platoons, all members need to have a synced platoon behaviorCommunications among platoon members can be either cellular (Uu) or sidelink (PC5, etc.)Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21

V2X use casesA (non-comprehensive) listVehicle to Vehicle (V2V)Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)--Forward Collision WarningControl Loss WarningEmergency Vehicle WarningEmergency StopCooperative Adaptive CruiseControl- Wrong way driving Warning- Pre-crash Sensing Warning3rd GenerationPartnership Project(3GPP)-Emergency StopQueue WarningRoad Safety ServiceAutomated Parking SystemWrong way driving WarningMessage transfer under operatorcontrolRoad safety service viainfrastructureV2I / V2N Traffic Flow OptimisationCurve Speed WarningV2X in areas outside networkcoverageVehicle to Pedestrian (V2P)Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21EuropeanCommissions- Warning to Pedestrian againstPedestrian Collision- Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Safety

V2X featuresTraffic heterogeneity— Location, speed, trajectory, etc.— Command/feedback— Raw data (images, etc.)— VideoHuge amount of data— Mainly for HD/3D maps— Both in UL/DLEricsson Internal 2018-02-21Traffic delivery within spatialdeadlines— Notify presence of an obstacle beforethe vehicles reaches the interested areaVehicles move

AgendaBackground on QoS— What is QoS?— 5G QoS frameworkQoS: V2X needs— V2X use cases— V2X featuresTrends in V2X QoS— Spatial QoS— Action-oriented QoS— Application-QoS adaptationFinal remarksEricsson Internal 2018-02-21

Spatial QoSPDB20MBSpatial latency1MBReferenceareaHigh loadMediumLoadSpatial latencyStartdelivering1MBStartdelivering20MBHigh loadMediumLoadReferenceareaNo loadA large portion of V2X application deal with spatial-related information— Presence of unexpected object in a certain location, HD/3D map layers, etc.QoS has to consider the spatial dimension ofV2X information to guarantee deliverywithin the spatial deadline (improvedefficiency, cost reduction)Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21Issues:— Mapping spatial latency calculation to cell coverage— Real-time available bandwidth calculation

Action-oriented QoSInter-vehicledistanceControllerManaging involvedvehicles and settingtrajectories, speeds,etc. to guarantee asafe mergingGapMerge inThe lane merge involves an action that has a certain duration (10s of seconds)— From the moment the merging vehicle is detected, until the vehicle merged successfullyQoS has to be provided for the wholeduration of the action, a change of QoSwhile the action is happening might involveissues (worst case, safety implications)Ericsson Internal 2018-02-21Issues:— Action identification (duration, involved area, etc.)— Group-QoS to guarantee a proper traffic treatmentfor all actors involved in the action