Transcription
Cisco CCNARouting and Switching200-120Fourth EditionMichael ValentineKeith Barker
Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching 200-120 Exam Cram,Fourth EditionCopyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from thepublisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in thepreparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibilityfor errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resultingfrom the use of the information contained herein.ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5109-6ISBN-10: 0-7897-5109-7Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 2013955307Printed in the United States on AmericaFirst Printing: December 2013 with corrections August 2014TrademarksAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson cannot attest tothe accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not beregarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.Warning and DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurateas possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information providedis on an “as is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liabilitynor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use ofthe CD or programs accompanying it.Special SalesFor information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special salesopportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs;and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, orbranding interests), please contact our corporate sales department atcorpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419.For government sales inquiries, please contactgovernmentsales@pearsoned.com.For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contactinternational@pearsoned.com.PublisherPaul BogerAssociatePublisherDavid DusthimerExecutive EditorBrett anaging EditorSandra SchroederProject EditorSeth KerneyCopy EditorKeith ClineIndexerKen JohnsonProofreaderJess DeGabrieleTechnical EditorsBrian D’AndreaAndrew WhitakerPublishingCoordinatorVanessa EvansMultimediaDeveloperLisa MatthewsBook DesignerMark ShirarPage LayoutBumpy Design
Contents at a GlanceIntroduction1Self-Assessment21CHAPTER 1Networking Fundamentals29CHAPTER 2Network Models43CHAPTER 3Concepts in IP Addressing73CHAPTER 4Working with Cisco Equipment137CHAPTER 5Securing Your Cisco Devices173CHAPTER 6Basic Switch Operations and Configuration193CHAPTER 7Basic Routing229CHAPTER 8Visualizing Data Flow Between Two Hostson a Network275IP Access Lists293CHAPTER 10IP Services323CHAPTER 11Troubleshooting351CHAPTER 12Advanced Switching Concepts381CHAPTER 13Advanced Router Operation419CHAPTER 14Advanced IP Services457CHAPTER 15WAN Operation479CHAPTER 16Advanced Troubleshooting505Practice Exam 1539Answer Key to Practice Exam 1575Practice Exam 2587Answer Key to Practice Exam 2625Glossary635Index653CHAPTER 9
Table of ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Taking a Certification Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Tracking Your Certification Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3How to Prepare for an Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4What This Book Will Not Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5What This Book Is Designed to Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6CCNA Official Exam Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Chapter Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Pearson IT Certification Practice Test Engine and Questionson the CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Install the Software from the CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Activate and Download the Practice Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Activating Other Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Contacting the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Self-Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21CCNA in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21The Ideal CCNA Candidate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Put Yourself to the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23CHAPTER 1:Networking Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Essential Terms and Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32WAN Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40What Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41CHAPTER 2:Network Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Cisco Hierarchical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
vTable of ContentsDistribution Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Core Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Advantages of the Three-Layer Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46OSI Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Layer 7: The Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Layer 6: The Presentation Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Layer 5: The Session Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Layer 4: The Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Layer 3: The Network Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Layer 2: The Data Link Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Layer 1: The Physical Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61TCP/IP Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71CHAPTER 3:Concepts in IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Hexadecimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Conversion Between Binary, Hex, and Decimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79IP Address Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Address Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Public and Private IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Default Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82The Network Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83The Host Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Nondefault Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84The Subnet Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Subnetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Address Class and Default Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87The Increment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Number of Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90The Broadcast ID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Number of Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
viCisco CCNA Routing and Switching 200-120 Exam CramWorking with Subnetting Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95The Subnetting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97VLSM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Route Summarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Summarization Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Determining Summary Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114IPv6 Address Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116IPv6 Address Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Types of IPv6 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118IPv6 Address Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119IPv6 Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120IPv6 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121The IPv6 Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122IPv6 Transition Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132What Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135CHAPTER 4:Working with Cisco Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Introducing Your Cisco Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138External Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Other Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Connecting and Configuring Cisco Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Device Memory Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146IOS Startup Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Setup Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Configuration Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Password Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Command-Line Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Command Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Context-Sensitive Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Managing IOS Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Remote Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Secure Shell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
viiTable of ContentsCisco Discovery Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Internet Control Message Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Network Time Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Simple Network Management Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Syslog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163NetFlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Basic Switch Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Basic Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170What Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171CHAPTER 5:Securing Your Cisco Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Securing Routers and Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Configuring Password Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Configuring SSH Access to Your Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178External Authentication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Switch Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Security Best Practices for Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190What Next? . . . . . . .
Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching 200-120 Exam Cram CHAPTER 16: Advanced Troubleshooting. 505 Troubleshoot and Resolve Spanning Tree Operation Issues . 506
