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Cisco CCNP Switching ExamCertification GuideTim Boyles and Dave Hucaby, CCIE #4594Cisco Press201 W 103rd StreetIndianapolis, IN 46290

iiCisco CCNP Switching Exam Certification GuideTim Boyles and David HucabyCopyright 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc.Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc.Published by:Cisco Press201 West 103rd StreetIndianapolis, IN 46290 USAAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01st Printing November 200003 02 01 00Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 00-105170ISBN: 1-58720-000-7Warning and DisclaimerThis book is designed to provide information about the Cisco CCNP Switching Exam #640-504. Every effort has beenmade to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.Trademark AcknowledgmentsAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized.Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book shouldnot be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

iiiFeedback InformationAt Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted withcare and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community.Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we couldimprove the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at ciscopress@mcp.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message.We greatly appreciate your assistance.PublisherEditor-In-ChiefCisco Systems Program ManagerExecutive EditorAcquisitions EditorManaging EditorDevelopment EditorCopy EditorTechnical EditorsTeam CoordinatorBook DesignerCover DesignerCompositorProofreadersIndexerJohn WaitJohn KaneBob AnsteyBrett BartowAmy LewisPatrick KanouseChristopher ClevelandChuck GoseStephen Daleo, Anthony Kwan, Chris Paggen, Casimir SammanasuTammi RossGina RexrodeLouisa KlucznikOctal Publishing, Inc.Dayna IsleySarah CiscoShannon MartinLarry Sweazy

ivAbout the AuthorsTim Boyles is the Director of Network Architecture for @Link Networks, a national CLEC which specializes in broadband data and communications solutions for small- and medium-sized businesses. Prior to that he worked as a SeniorConsultant at Lucent Networkcare, formerly known as INS, where he was responsible for the design and implementation of large switch-based networks as well as multiple service provider projects. Tim has been in the networking business for 16 years with multiple vendor certifications, including CCNP. He holds an engineering undergraduate degreefrom the University of Missouri-Rolla and an MBA from California State University. Tim is aco-author of the CLSC Exam Certification Guide.David Hucaby, CCIE #4594, is a Lead Network Engineer for the University of Kentucky, where he designs, implements, and maintains campus networks using Cisco products. Prior to his current position, David was a senior networkconsultant, where he provided design and implementation consulting, focusing on Cisco-based VPN and IP telephonysolutions. David has a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Kentucky.About the Technical ReviewersStephen Daleo, CCNP, is a Certified Cisco Systems Instructor (CCSI) and a consultant with Mentor Technologies (formerly Chesapeake Computer Consultants, Inc.). Stephen has been teaching the recommended courses for Cisco CareerCertifications since 1996, including ICND, BSCN, BCMSN, BCRAN, and CIT. Previous to joining Mentor Technologies, Stephen worked as a Network Systems Analyst for the North Broward Hospital District, where he designed andimplemented their Metropolitan WAN consisting of four major sites and ten smaller remote sites. Stephen has a B.S. inComputer Science from Florida International University and an M.S. in Computer Technology from Barry University.Stephen is currently pursuing his CCIE certification.Anthony Kwan, CCNP, CCDP, has worked in the Internetworking arena for over eight years and holds more than 14Internetworking certifications. His networking expertise focuses on LAN/WAN design and troubleshooting, as well asvoice, video, and VPN integration.Christophe Paggen, CCIE #2659, joined Cisco Systems, Inc., in 1996, where he currently is a Network Design Engineer in the Advanced Network Solutions group. His primary focus is the redesign, optimization, and performance tuningof large-scale IP and multiprotocol enterprise networks, with a specialization in campus, local-area, and metropolitanarea networks. He holds a B.S. in Computer Science from IESSL (Liege, Belgium) and an M.S. in Economics from Université de Mons (Belgium).Casimir Sammanasu is a Program Manager with Cisco Systems, Inc., and holds an M.S. Computer Science degreefrom DePaul University, Chicago, and an MBA degree from the University of Dallas. Casimir has developed LANswitching courses at Cisco in the past and is presently responsible for Cisco IOS curriculum that includes advancedtechnologies such as QoS, Multicast, Security, and VPN.

vDedicationsTim Boyles—Glory and thanks be to God for giving me the talent and for sustaining me when the going gets tough. Tomy wife, René, for putting up with the late nights and weekends. To my children, Andrew and Alyssa, for allowing me totake some time out of their schedule to finish the project. (Although they think it’s pretty cool to see their old man inprint!)In memory of my daughter Ashley, who sees all things from the heavens.“The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.”—Psalms 19:1Dave Hucaby—First, my thanks to Jesus Christ, my Lord and my best, best friend. Networking is great, but the abundant life you give is too wonderful! Thanks to my wife and best friend, Marci, for her love and support in everything Ido. I’m also grateful to her for encouraging me to return for the second day of the CCIE lab, when I was ready to packup and go home early. I’m glad I listened to her! Thanks to my girls—Lauren for encouraging me to play with her andforget stressful things, and Kara for waiting to be born until the book was nearly done. Thankfully, God enabled me towrite late at night, while everybody else slept. Although this impacted our family time very little, a tired daddy is just notas much fun.Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their support; I’m especially grateful to my dad for sharing with me his loveof engineering and his skills at technical writing.

viAcknowledgmentsTim Boyles:Chris Cleveland, Development Editor, who persevered to make this project all that it could be. Thanks for sorting out allthe issues!Brett Bartow, Executive Editor for keeping the project going among all the twists and turns. Thanks for steering the ship!Dave Hucaby, for listening to all my late-night rants and being a great co-author to work with!Howard Jones, for pinch-hitting on some last minute editing.All of the technical editors that contributed to the success of this book. Thanks for keeping me honest with the materialand all your diligence to make this a quality product. Thanks to, Chris Paggen, Steven Daleo, Casimir Samanasu, andAnthony Kwan. I couldn’t have done it without you!Dave Hucaby: Working with Chris Cleveland, Brett Bartow, and Amy Lewis, all with Cisco Press, has been great!These folks have been very patient with a new author and have gone extra miles to keep me focused on the task at hand.I’ve long been an avid fan and reader of Cisco Press books and am grateful for the opportunity to co-author one myself.Thanks to Tim Boyles for sharing the load and giving me advice along the way. Nathain Ingram, my Christian brother,deserves my thanks for being a steady source of encouragement and a great friend. Thanks to Eddie Lawrence for helping me work out some Catalyst switch logistics. Finally, I would like to thank the technical reviewers for making this amore accurate book. As well, I’m grateful to Kennedy Clark and Kevin Hamilton for writing the real switching book,Cisco LAN Switching. The more I’m exposed to other networking folks, the more I realize how little I know.

viiContents at a GlanceIntroductionxxiiiChapter 1All About the Cisco Certified Network Professional and Design ProfessionalCertification 3Chapter 2Campus Network Design ModelsChapter 3Basic Switch and Port ConfigurationChapter 4VLANs and TrunkingChapter 5Redundant Switch LinksChapter 6Trunking with ATM LANEChapter 7InterVLAN RoutingChapter 8Multilayer SwitchingChapter 9Overview of Hot Standby Routing ProtocolChapter 10MulticastsChapter 11Configuring Multicast NetworksChapter 12Controlling Access in the Campus EnvironmentChapter 13Monitoring and Troubleshooting425Chapter 14Scenarios for Final Preparation463Appendix AAnswers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Q&A SectionsIndex 529156597145203241265301333369393477

viiiContentsIntroductionxxiiiGoals and MethodsxxiiiWho Should Read This Book?xxiiiStrategies for Exam PreparationHow This Book Is OrganizedApproachxxivxxivxxviIcons Used in This BookxxviiiCommand Syntax ConventionsChapter 1xxixAll About the Cisco Certified Network Professional and Design ProfessionalCertification 3Overview of Cisco Certifications 4Exams Required for CertificationOther Cisco Certifications 6What’s on the Switching Exam?Topics on the Exam567Recommended Training Path for CCNP and CCDP8How to Use This Book to Pass the Exam 9I’ve Taken BCMSN—Now What? 11I’ve Taken CLSC—Now What? 11I’ve Learned Switching From Experience, But I Will Not Be Taking the BCMSNCourse—Now What? 12ConclusionChapter 213Campus Network Design ModelsHow to Best Use This Chapter15“Do I Know This Already?” QuizFoundation Topics20Switching Functionality 20Layer 2 Switching 20Layer 3 Routing 21Layer 3 Switching 221516

ixLayer 4 Switching 22Multilayer Switching (MLS)23Campus Network Models 23Shared Network Model 24LAN Segmentation Model 25Network Traffic Models 28Predictable Network Model 30Hierarchical Network DesignAccess Layer 31Distribution Layer 31The Core Layer 3230Cisco Products in the Hierarchical DesignAccess Layer Switches 33Distribution Layer Switches 34Core Layer Switches 36Product Summary 37Modular Network Design 39The Switch Block 40Sizing a Switch Block 41The Core Block 43Collapsed Core 44Dual Core 45Core Size in a Campus NetworkCore Scalability 47Layer 3 Core 48Foundation SummaryQ&A32464953Scenarios57Scenario 2-1: Small Campus Network DesignScenario 2-2: Medium Campus Network Design5757Scenario 2-3: Large Enterprise Campus Network DesignScenario Answers5759Scenario 2-1 Answers: Small Campus Network DesignScenario 2-2 Answers: Medium Campus Network Design5960Scenario 2-3 Answers: Large Enterprise Campus Network Design61