WIXLIB

Value Based Health Care DeliveryThe Strategic AgendaProf. Michael E. PorterHarvard Business SchoolStrategy for Health Care DeliveryLeadership WorkshopJanuary 11, 2009This presentation draws on Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg: Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-Based Competition on Results,Harvard Business School Press, May 2006, ―How Physicians Can Change the Future of Health Care,‖ Journal of the American Medical Association,2007; 297:1103:1111, and ―What is Value in Health Care,‖ ISC working paper, 2008. No part of this presentation may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise — without the permissionof Michael E. Porter. Further information about these ideas, as well as case studies, can be found on the website of the Institute for Strategy &Competitiveness at http://www.isc.hbs.edu.20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda1Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Value-Based Health Care DeliveryExecutive Education Course The Leadership Workshop on Strategy for Health Care Delivery isan intensive, two day workshop on the principles of value-basedhealth care delivery, examining organizations working toimplement those principles in practice.20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda2

Participants71 Leaders from Health Care Organizations Worldwide 37 Hospital/Provider Organization CEO’s and Senior Executives 10 Chief Medical/Clinical Officers 2 Chief Nursing Officers 7 Health Plan CEO’s and Senior Executives 4 Educators 9 Government Officials 2 Health Care Philanthropists/ Board MembersCountries United States (48) Canada (13) Finland (4)Sweden (3)Germany (2)Taiwan (1)20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda3Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Faculty Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School, Course Head Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg, University of Virginia, DardenGraduate School of Business Administration Robert Huckman, Harvard Business School Sachin Jain, Research Fellow, Institute for Strategy andCompetitiveness Scott Wallace, Batten Fellow, University of Virginia, DardenGraduate School of Business20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda4

Redefining Health Care Delivery Universal coverage and access to care are essential, but notenough The core issue in health care is the value of health caredeliveredValue: Patient health outcomes per dollar spent How to design a health care system that dramatically improvesvalue– Ownership of entities is secondary (e.g. non-profit vs. for profit vs.government) How to create a dynamic system that keeps rapidly improving20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda5Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Creating a Value-Based Health Care System Significant improvement in value will require fundamentalrestructuring of health care delivery, not incrementalimprovementsToday, 21st century medical technology isdelivered with 19th century organizationstructures, management practices, andpricing models- Process improvements and safety initiatives are beneficial but notsufficient20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda6Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Harnessing Competition on Value Competition is a powerful force to encourage restructuring of careand continuous improvement in value– Competition for patients– Competition for health plan subscribers Today’s competition in health care is not aligned with valueFinancial success ofsystem participantsPatientsuccess Creating competition to improve value is a central challenge inhealth care reform20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda7Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Zero-Sum Competition in U.S. Health CareBad CompetitionGood Competition Competition to shift costs orcapture more revenue Competition to increasevalue for patients Competition to increasebargaining power andsecure discounts or pricepremiums Competition to capturepatients and restrict choice Competition to restrictservices in order tomaximize revenue per visitor reduce costsZero or Negative Sum20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic AgendaPositive Sum8Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery1. Set the goal as value for patients–––––Not volumeNot accessNot equityNot cost reductionNot ―profit‖ in the current schemeHealth outcomesValue Costs of delivering the outcomes Outcomes are the full set of health outcomesachieved by the patient Costs are the total costs, including costs notnecessarily borne within the health care system20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda9Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery1. Set the goal as value for patients2. The best way to contain cost is to improve quality, where quality ishealth outcomes--Prevention of diseaseEarly detectionRight diagnosisEarly and timely treatmentRight treatment to the rightpatientsTreatment earlier in thecausal chain of diseaseRapid care delivery processwith fewer delaysLess invasive treatmentmethods--Fewer complicationsFewer mistakes and repeats intreatmentFaster recoveryMore complete recoveryLess disabilityFewer relapses or acuteepisodesSlower disease progressionLess need for long term careLess care induced illness Better health is the goal, not more treatment Better health is inherently less expensive than poor health20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda10Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery1. Set the goal as value for patients2. The best way to contain cost is to improve quality, where quality ishealth outcomes3. To maximize value health care delivery must be organized aroundmedical conditions over the full cycle of care A medical condition is an interrelated set of patientmedical circumstances best addressed in anintegrated way– Defined from the patient’s perspective– Includes the most common co-occurring conditions– Involving multiple specialties and services The medical condition is the unit of value creation inhealth care delivery20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda11Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Restructuring Care DeliveryMigraine Care in GermanyExisting Model: Organize bySpecialty and DiscreteServicesImagingCentersNew Model: Organize intoIntegrated Practice Units(IPUs)Imaging istsPrimary entand DetoxUnitsWest GermanHeadache CenterNeurologistsPsychologistsPhysical TherapistsDay logists The health plan was crucial to this transformationSource: Porter, Michael E., Clemens Guth, and Elisa Dannemiller, The West German Headache Center: Integrated Migraine Care, Harvard Business School Case 9-707-559, September 13, 200720090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda12EssenUniv.HospitalInpatientUnit

The Cycle of CareBreast Cancer20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda13Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery4. Value is enhanced by increasing provider experience, scale, andlearning at the medical condition level The virtuous cycle extends across geography when care for a medicalcondition is integrated across locations20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda14Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Fragmentation of Hospital ServicesSwedenProcedureNumber ofhospitalsperforming thetreatment (of 116)Average numberAverage numberof procedures per of proceduresprovider per year per provider permonthHeart transplants3131.1Cardiac valve procedureswith cardiac catheter5110.9Coronary bypass withcardiac catheter6564.7Cleft lip and palate repair8675.6Splenectomy, Age 73940.3Total Mastectomy(without complications)66453.8Iguinal & femoral herniaprocedures, Age 17(without complications)67473.9Source: Compiled from The National Board of Health and Welfare Statistical Databases – DRG Statistics, Accessed September 27, 2007.20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda15Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery5. Integrate health care delivery across facilities and across regions,rather than duplicate services in stand-alone unitsChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Affiliations Excellent providers can manage care delivery across multiplegeographies20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda16Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery1. Set the goal as value for patients2. The best way to contain cost is to improve quality, where quality ishealth outcomes3. To maximize value, health care delivery must be organized aroundmedical conditions over the full cycle of care4. Drive value improvement by increasing provider experience, scale,and learning at the medical condition level5. Value requires integrating health care delivery across facilities andacross regions, rather than duplicating services in stand-alone units6. Value must be measured and ultimately reported by every providerfor each medical condition Results should be measured at the level at which value is created For medical conditions over the cycle of care– Not for interventions or short episodes– Not for practices, departments, clinics, or hospitals– Not separately for types of service (e.g. inpatient, outpatient, tests,rehabilitation)20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda17Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Measuring Value in Health CarePatientCompliancePatient InitialConditionsIndicatorsProcess Protocols/Guidelines E.g., HemoglobinA1c levels ofpatients withdiabetesStructure Value is co-produced by clinicians and the patient20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda18(Health)Outcomes

The Outcome Measures HierarchyTier1Health StatusAchievedTier2Process ofRecoveryTier3Sustainabilityof Health20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic AgendaSurvivalDegree of health/recoveryTime to recovery or return to normal activitiesDisutility of care or treatment process (e.g., discomfort,complications, adverse effects, errors, and theirconsequences)Sustainability of health or recovery and nature ofrecurrencesLong-term consequences of therapy (e.g., careinduced illnesses)19Copyright 2008 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg

Principles of Value-Based Health Care Delivery1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Set the goal as value for patients, not containing costsThe best way to contain cost is to improve quality, where quality is healthoutcomesReorganize health care delivery around medical conditions over the fullcycle of careDrive value improvement by increasing provider experience, scale, andlearning at the medical condition levelValue requires integrating health care delivery across facilities and acrossregions, rather than duplicating services in stand-alone unitsValue must be measured and ultimately reported by every provider for eachmedical conditionReimbursement must be aligned with value and reward innovation Bundled reimbursement for care cycles, not payment for discretetreatments or services– Most DRG systems are too narrow– Adjusted for patient complexity Reimbursement for overall management of chronic conditions Reimbursement for prevention and screening, not just treatment Providers and health plans must be proactive in driving new reimbursementmodels, not wait for sgovernment20090111 Leadership Workshop Strategic Agenda20Copyright 2009 Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg