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www.ck12.orgChapter 1. MS What is Earth Science? Worksheetsfarmer will assess the amount of soil lost from each field. Other than plowing, the farmer will keep everything thesame for both fields: the type of crop, amount of water and fertilizer, and slope and direction of the field. These areher experimental controls. Controls are factors that might affect the dependent variable. By controlling these factors,the farmer changes only the plowing variable, so she can see the impact of that one variable on soil loss.At the end of the growing season, the farmer estimates that only about half as much soil was lost from the unplowedfield as compared with the plowed field. Does this result support her hypothesis?Questions1.2.3.4.5.State the question and hypothesis that the farmer posed.Identify the farmer’s independent and dependent variables.How does the farmer control other factors that might affect the dependent variable?Why is it necessary to have controls in an experiment?Explain whether the farmer’s result supports her hypothesis.Lesson 1.1: Multiple ChoiceName Class DateCircle the letter of the correct choice.1. Steps of the scientific method include all of the following excepta.b.c.d.doing background research.constructing a hypothesis.asking a question.proving a theory.2. The data collected in an experiment should always bea.b.c.d.labeled.recorded.reported.all of the above3. If the results of an experiment disprove a hypothesis, then thea.b.c.d.results should not be reported.hypothesis is just a theory.data must contain errors.none of the above4. Which statement about a scientific theory is false?a.b.c.d.A theory can never be disproven.A theory is supported by many observations.A theory may develop from a well-supported hypothesis.A theory may be rejected if conflicting data are discovered.5. Types of scientific models includea.b.c.d.mathematical equations.computer models.physical models.all of the above6. Which of the following is a lab safety rule?3

1.1. The Nature of Sciencea.b.c.d.www.ck12.orgYou may drink but not eat in the lab.You should tie back your hair if it is long.You may wear sandals but not flip-flops in the lab.You should leave used glassware for your teacher to wash.7. Which of the following lab safety symbols stands for high voltage?a.b.c.d.Lesson 1.1: MatchingName Class DateMatch each definition with the correct term.Definitions1. representation of something using objects2. factor that is held constant in a scientific experiment3. variable that is changed in an experiment to see how it affects another variable4. scientific explanation that is widely accepted because it has been tested repeatedly and not proven false5. series of logical steps that scientists may use to seek answers to questions4

www.ck12.orgChapter 1. MS What is Earth Science? Worksheets6. possible answer to a question that can be tested to see whether it is false7. variable that is measured in an experiment to see how it is affected by another variableTermsa. controlb. dependent variablec. hypothesisd. independent variablee. physical modelf. theoryg. scientific methodLesson 1.1: Fill in the BlankName Class DateFill in the blank with the appropriate term.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.A scientific investigation generally begins with a(n) .A scientific hypothesis should be reasonable and must be .The final step of the scientific method is to the results.A drawing or diagram is an example of a(n) model.A(n) is a controlled investigation of independent and dependent variables.A model is always than the real object or system.A skull and cross bones safety symbol represents a substance that is .Lesson 1.1: Critical WritingName Class DateThoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.Explain how the farmer in the lesson used evidence and logic to answer her question about soil loss.5

1.2. Earth Science and Its Brancheswww.ck12.org1.2 Earth Science and Its BranchesLesson 1.2: True or FalseName Class DateWrite true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.1. Earth science is a branch of geology.2. Some geologists specialize in the study of soil.3. Rock layers below Earth’s surface are a record of Earth’s history.4. The science of oceanography started with mapping the oceans.5. Scientists have not yet visited the deepest parts of the ocean.6. Most of Earth’s water is in rivers and lakes.7. Humans have had relatively little impact on the oceans.8. There are several branches of oceanography.9. Meteorologists study meteors.10. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.Lesson 1.2: Critical ReadingName Class DateRead this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.AstronomyAstronomy is the study of solar systems, galaxies, and the universe. Astronomers have shown that the planets in oursolar system are not the only planets in the universe. Hundreds of planets have already been discovered outside oursolar system, and there are likely to be billions that have not yet been discovered. In addition to planets, the universealso contains black holes, galaxies, asteroids, comets, and nebulas. As big as Earth seems, the entire universe isvastly more enormous. Earth is an extremely tiny part of the universe.Astronomers use many tools to study things in space. Earth-orbiting satellites with telescopes view stars and galaxiesfrom the darkness of space. They have optical or radio telescopes that can see distant objects that the human eyecannot. Spacecraft without human occupants travel great distances and send back information to scientists on Earth.Robots land on Mars and collect data directly on the planet’s surface.Astronomers try to answer a wide variety of questions with their studies of space. For example: What are the properties of black holes? How did the universe begin? Is there life on other planets?6

www.ck12.orgChapter 1. MS What is Earth Science? Worksheets Are there resources on other planets that human beings could use? How do bursts of energy from the Sun (solar flares) affect communications on Earth?Questions1.2.3.4.Define astronomy.What does the universe contain?Identify tools that astronomers use to study space.Choose one of the questions listed above that astronomers ask. Which question interests you the most? Why?Lesson 1.2: Multiple ChoiceName Class DateCircle the letter of the correct choice.1. Earth science is the study ofa.b.c.d.solid Earth.Earth’s oceans.Earth’s atmosphere.all of the above2. A geologist would be most likely to investigate howa.b.c.d.mountains form.people cause pollution.tornadoes occur.two of the above3. Which type of Earth scientist might look for petroleum for an oil tecologist4. Chemical oceanography is the study of thea.b.c.d.human pollution of ocean water.naturally occurring elements in ocean water.rising levels of ocean water.rocks on the ocean floor.5. The problem of global warming is most likely to be the focus of a scientist known as aa.b.c.d.planetary geologist.seismologist.physical oceanographer.climatologist.6. Which type of Earth scientist would you expect to give a weather gistenvironmental scientist7

1.2. Earth Science and Its Branches7. Tools typically used by meteorologists includea.b.c.d.satellites.radar.telescopes.two of the aboveLesson 1.2: MatchingName Class DateMatch each definition with the correct term.Definitions1. study of Earth’s weather2. study of earthquakes3. study of Earth’s oceans4. study of solid Earth5. study of human effects on Earth6. study of all aspects of planet Earth7. study of the universeTermsa. astronomyb. oceanographyc. geologyd. environmental sciencee. Earth sciencef. seismologyg. meteorologyLesson 1.2: Fill in the BlankName Class DateFill in the blank with the appropriate term.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8A volcanologist studies .is the study of rocks and minerals.The study of fossils is referred to as .Scientists called study hurricanes and tornadoes.oceanography is the study of water movements such as waves and currents.The study of living things and their environments is known as .are scientists who study space.www.ck12.org

www.ck12.orgChapter 1. MS What is Earth Science? WorksheetsLesson 1.2: Critical WritingName Class DateThoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.Explain which branches and specialties of Earth science might focus on the problem of rising ocean temperatures.9

www.ck12.orgC HAPTER2MS Studying Earth’sSurface WorksheetsChapter Outline102.1I NTRODUCTION TO E ARTH ’ S S URFACE2.2M ODELING E ARTH ’ S S URFACE2.3TOPOGRAPHIC M APS2.4U SING S ATELLITES AND C OMPUTERS

www.ck12.orgChapter 2. MS Studying Earth’s Surface Worksheets2.1 Introduction to Earth’s SurfaceLesson 2.1: True or FalseName Class DateWrite true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.1. Earth’s magnetic north pole is always located in the same place.2. A compass needle points toward Earth’s true north.3. All landforms are created by constructive forces.4. A mountain may wear away into a high flat area called a plateau.5. Examples of landforms include hills, straits, and capes.6. The ocean basin begins where the ocean meets the land.7. The continental shelf is the part of a continent that is under ocean water.8. The continental rise is formed by volcanic eruptions.9. Mid-ocean ridges form from sediments deposited by ocean water.10. The Mariana Trench is the deepest place on Earth.Lesson 2.1: Critical ReadingName Class DateRead this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.Continents and LandformsIf you could take away the water in the oceans, Earth would look very different. You would see that Earth’s surfacehas two main features: continents and ocean basins. Continents are large land masses. Ocean basins extend from theedges of continents to the ocean floor and into deep trenches. Continents are much older than ocean basins. Somerocks on the continents are billions of years old. Ocean basins, in contrast, are at most only millions of years old.Because the continents are so old, a lot has happened to them! Landforms have repeatedly been built up and thendestroyed. Landforms are physical features on Earth’s surface, such as mountains and valleys. Constructive forcescause landforms to grow. Destructive forces wear them down.Lava flowing out of a volcano can eventually build a mountain, so a volcano is a constructive force. A volcano canalso erupt explosively and blow off its top, so a volcano can be a destructive force as well.Other destructive forces work much more slowly than a volcano exploding. For example, it may take millions ofyears for a mountain to be worn down and carried away by wind, moving water, or other forces of weathering anderosion. Nonetheless, over time a mountain may wear down to a high flat area called a plateau, or it may wear allthe way down to a low-lying plain.11

2.1. Introduction to Earth’s Surfacewww.ck12.orgThe pieces of rock carried by wind and moving water are eventually deposited somewhere else. For example, riversdrop deposits where they slow down. This can happen when they enter a lake or the ocean. The sediments theydrop may create new landforms. Sediments from rivers can form deltas, like the Mississippi River delta, or barrierislands, like Padre Island in Texas. Rivers also bring sand to the shore, which forms beaches. In these ways, thesediments carried by moving water make it a constructive force.Questions1. What are continents? How do they differ from ocean basins?2. Define landforms, and give two examples of landforms.3. Compare and contrast how constructive and destructive forces change landforms.Lesson 2.1: Multiple ChoiceName Class DateCircle the letter of the correct choice.1. You could use a topographic map to find thea.b.c.d.elevation of landforms in a region.average temperature of an area.population density of a region.type of vegetation in an area.2. Which statement about continents is true?a.b.c.d.They may have rocks that are billions of years old.They are younger than the ocean basins.They float on ocean water.none of the above3. Constructive forces forma.b.c.d.mountains.river deltas.barrier islands.all of the above4. Which of the following can be both a constructive force and a destructive force?a.b.c.d.volcanic eruptionweatheringerosiontwo of the above5. The continental margin includes the continentala.b.c.d.shelf.slope.rise.all of the above6. The abyssal plain makes up much of thea. interior of continents.b. deep-ocean trenches.c. floor of the ocean.12

www.ck12.orgChapter 2. MS Studying Earth’s Surface Worksheetsd. mid-ocean ridges.7. The deepest places in the ocean area.b.c.d.continental slopes.mid-ocean ridges.seamounts.trenches.Lesson 2.1: MatchingName Class DateMatch each definition with the correct term.Definitions1. difference in elevation of landforms in a region2. land mass above sea level3. relief over a given region4. figure on a map or nautical chart that shows north, south, east, and west5. height of a land feature measured relative to sea level6. device with a magnetic needle that is used to find the magnetic north pole7. physical feature on Earth’s surfaceTermsa. compassb. compass rosec. continentd. elevatione. relieff. topographyg. landformLesson 2.1: Fill in the BlankName Class DateFill in the blank with the appropriate term.1.2.3.4.5.6.Earth’s north pole is about 11 degrees from its geographic north pole.The area covered by the water of an ocean is called an ocean .Mountains and valleys are examples of .forces such as lava flowing cause landforms to grow.forces such as erosion cause landforms to wear away.Deltas and barrier islands form where deposit bits of rock.13

2.1. Introduction to Earth’s Surfacewww.ck12.org7. An undersea volcano is known as a(n) .Lesson 2.1: Critical WritingName Class DateThoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.Explain how moving water can be both a destructive and a constructive force.14

www.ck12.orgChapter 2. MS Studying Earth’s Surface Worksheets2.2 Modeling Earth’s SurfaceLesson 2.2: True or FalseName Class DateWrite true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.1. The top of a map generally represents north.2. A geographic map shows types and locations of rocks in an area.3. Mercator projections are no longer used today.4. On a Mercator projection, landmasses near the poles are reduced in size.5. The poles are often mapped with gnomonic projections to avoid distortion.6. A Robinson projection is more accurate than a Mercator projection.7. Lines of latitude meet at the poles.8. Lines of longitude are all parallel to one another.9. You can find your location on a map if you know only your latitude and longitude.10. Distances are true to scale on a globe.Lesson 2.2: Critical ReadingName Class DateRead this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.Mercator ProjectionEarth is a round, three-dimensional ball. Over a small area, Earth looks flat, so it is not hard to make accuratetwo-dimensional maps of small areas. When map makers want to map larger regions or the entire Earth in twodimensions, they must use projections. What happens if you try to flatten out the skin of a peeled orange? Or if youtry to gift wrap a soccer ball? To flatten out, the orange peel must rip and its shape must become distorted. To wrapa round object with flat paper requires lots of extra cuts and folds. A projection is a way t

27 CK-12 Earth Science for Middle School Workbook Answers365 vi. www.ck12.orgChapter 1. MS What is Earth Science? Worksheets CHAPTER 1 MS What is Earth Science? Worksheets Chapter Outline 1.1 THE NATURE OF SCIENCE 1.2 EARTH SCIENCE AND ITS BRANCHES 1. 1.1. The Nature of Science www.ck12.org