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Artificial Intelligence and Internetof Things in the development ofSmart Sustainable CitiesAdoption of circular economies in the 4thIndustrial Revolution8th Green Standards Week, ZanzibarInternational Telecoms Union (ITU)Simon Peter Akugizibwe, ACIM, B.Sc. Tel Eng.

Revolution of Change (Paradigm Shift)“The transition from a paradigm in crisis to a new one fromwhich a new tradition of normal science can emerge is far froma cumulative process, one achieved by an articulation orextension of the old paradigm. Rather it is a reconstruction ofthe field from new fundamentals, a reconstruction that changessome of the field's most elementary theoretical generalizationsas well as many of its paradigm methods and applications.During the transition period there will be a large but nevercomplete overlap between the problems that can be solved bythe old and by the new paradigm. But there will also be adecisive difference in the modes of solution. When thetransition is complete, the profession will have changed its viewof the field, its methods, and its goals.”Thomas S. Kuhn“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)”

Evolution of Industry and EconomyIndustry 1.0Industry 2.0Industry 3.0Digital Revolution 1870-1914 Electricity & Fossil Fuels Mass production &assembly line. Inventions Fast urbanization &Infrastructure expansion Urbanization Conflict World Population: 4.4Billion. 1960 – 20? Electricity, Fossil fuels,Renewable Energy, Nuclearand Geo thermal Internet Services to IntellectualCapital. Globalization Computing & Digitization World Population: 7.6 BillionProducts & Services & MassmarketingValue, Personalisation,Information and Innovation. 18th to 19th CenturyWater & Steam energy.Agricultural toProduction.Raw materials searchRural urban migrationColonizationConflictWorld PopulationEstimate 1.8 BillionProducts & Trade

Macro Impact on Man & SocietyElementPositiveNegativeSocial Economic Trade blocs and Custom unions Cashless economy Entrepreneurship & innovation Unequal distribution of wealth.NationalizationTrade barriers (Brexit)Resource shortages. Consumer powerGlobalization & diversityDiversity & ConnectivityCultural FusionSocial networking and mediaEducation and Skills learning Lifestyle diseasesPoverty, access to basic needsUnemployment & CrimeUrban crowding & Slums.Illegal migration, Racial Conflict, Cultureshock & Communication barriers Fintech & EcommerceRobotics & roboticsInternet & SmartphonesDigitalE-commerce & Fintech Social isolation.Exponential energy consumption.Breakdown in human relations.Internet addiction.Cyber crimeFocusAreaTechnologicalEnablersEnvironmental /EthicalOutcomes Green movement Ethical consumption CSR & Philanthropy Pollution, Waste (E) & Global Warming Deforestation, desertification & Illegalmining Child labour & Exploitation & humantrafficking. Cyber crime

Micro Impact – Porter’s 5 forces impacting Business EnvironmentBargaining Power of SuppliersSubstituteProductsMicro Eco System Strategic posture :Technology reliant. E-waste. Resource intensive. Sustainable?CompetitiveRivalryBargaining Power ofBuyersThreat ofEntrants

Perspective

Switch from Linear to Circular EconomyLinear EconomyCircular EconomyTransformation

PARADIGM SHIFT in Business and Industry ModellingPeople (Attractiveness) Smart Cities Smart Living Basic needs and necessities Health Safety QualityProfit (Business Competitiveness)Planet (Society) E-Waste Management Recycling Environmentalconservation Re-usability Sustainable Growth Fair Business practice Effective Value Chains &Industry SectorsADDRESS THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

People & Society People not merelystatistics but StrategicValue Assets. Combined knowledge ofpeople and societyprovide IntellectualCapital to developsolutions for sustainableco-existence.Smarty CitySolutionsCreate an environment toallow People to Co-exist withQuality of Life and SuperiorLiving experiencesSustainableCo-existence

Transition from Conventional City to Smart City“A smart City: uses ICT in an integratedcollaborated and sustainable approachacross all vertical segments to cater tothe needs of citizens , organizations andother important stakeholders, whilemaximizing its triple bottom line.”Jo LinstadGlobal Director SSC (Ericsson)Convention city ICT challenges Internet of People (IoP) not fullyintegrated to ICT ecosystem (NonIoT). Vertical sectors not fully integrated. Fragmented Business Value Chainslacking API integration. Bureaucratic skepticism to changeamong some stakeholders.Transition,Control &Cost?INDUSTRY 4.0ECO SYSTEM“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we usedwhen we created them.” - Albert Einstein

4th“Technologies at the heart of theINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION are connected inmany ways, in the way they extend digitalcapabilities , in the way the scale, emerge andembed themselves in our lives, in theircombinatorial power and in their potentialand their power to concentrate privilege andchallenging existing governance systems”Klaus SchwabFounder and Executive Chairman WorldEconomic Forum“Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution”Core Technological Concepts1. AI2. IOT3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.Core FocusQuantum & Cloud computingBlock chain and distributed ledgersAdvanced materialsRoboticsAdditive manufacturing andmultidimensional (3D) printingNeural technologiesBiotechnologiesVirtual and augmented realitiesGeo EngineeringSpace TechnologiesEnergy capture, storage andtransmission.Expert Opinion: “The confluence of data with massive storage and cognitive powerwill transform industry and society at every level , creating opportunities that wereonce unimaginable from health and education to agriculture , manufacturing andservices “Satya Nadella (CE0-Microsoft)CYBER PHYSICALSYSTEMSForeword -“Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution”

AI (Data Science)“Artificial intelligence is software or a computer program with a mechanism to learn. Itthen uses that knowledge to make a decision in a new situation, as humans do. Theresearchers building this software try to write code that can read images, text, video oraudio, and learn something from it. Once the machine has learned, that knowledge canbe put to use elsewhere.”Lasse Rouhiainen“Artificial Intelligence, 101 Things you must know about our future”Fast growing applications Static image recognition, classificationand tagging. Algorithmic trading strategyperformance improvements. Efficient scalable processing of patientdata. Predictive maintenance Object detection and classification Content distribution on Social media Cyber security protection Chat BotsExpert Opinion‘’Intelligence is the ability toadapt to change”Stephen Hawking

Fundamentals of AI1. Deep & machine learning at the core2. Modes of machine learning3. Cognitive and sensory abilities4. Interpretation of data

AI Impact on creative thinking & InnovationCreative Process1. Preparation & Analysis 2. Investigation People & Convention ComputingTime consuming.Relative high margin of error.Involves right, left & subconsciouscombined brain manpower.Timeouts in thought process.Conventional computing is preprogrammed.3. TransformationVS4. Incubation 5. Illumination6. Verification 7. ImplementationAIInstant through Quantum computing Big Data Analytics.Low margin of error.Integrates both left , right andsubconscious deep learning.Unsupervised, cognitive and reinforcedanalysis.AI can adopt to existing creative processes like Force field analysis, Mind mapping,Brainstorming, TRIZ, Rapid Prototyping and create its on paradigm of creativity.

Impact & Benefits of AIBenefits Perform difficult, hazardous,dangerous and boring tasks. Speed of implementation. Improve social interactions(culture & language translation). Competitive advantage ininnovation for Businesses. Ethical development. Address shortage of knowledgeworkers Top priority for Large Tech firms. Collaboration between privateand public sectors. Counter – Terrorism and Precrime detection

IoT“Put more technically, the IoT is theinterconnection of uniquely identifiableembedded computing devices. That means anydevice can be connected – not just computers ,but various sensors and monitors, too”Michael Miller (2015)“The Internet of Things, How Smart TVs, SmartHomes and Smart cities are changing theworld.”Connectivity of IoT could be over Mobile Broadband,Fixed Line, WIFI and Proprietary TechnologiesExpert Opinion “Urban centers are incredible test beds for the INTERNET OFEVERYTHING, the increasing connections between all of us and digitization.Some of our most promising innovation is being fueled by cities working tocreate a better future for their citizens“John Chambers (Former Chairman and CEO Cisco Systems)Foreword - “Smart Cities, Digital Nations. How digital urban infrastructure andeliver a better life in tomorrow’s crowded world.”

Devices supported by IoT Home electronics: Smart TVs &Media servers. Home appliances: Fridge, Oven,Laundry, Garage door and Gate. Smartphones and Smartwearables Security and surveillance Automotives (Cars, Bikes & etc) Aircraft and Drones Monitoring implants heart andpacemakers Biochip implants – human andanimals (wild life inclusive). Infrastructure Utility grids Telecommunications Waste management Cloud systems City to City Nation to Nation Global

Fundamentals of IOT A device is not smart unless interconnected with other network of devicesbecoming something greater than any given individual device by itself. Thewhole is greater than the sum of its parts. Devices communicating together act in unison with form of AMBIENTINTELLIGENCE in background while automatically serving people’s needswithout requiring intervention. Smart IoT devices incorporate data collection, sensor monitoring, measuringand reporting environmental elements e.g. temperature, pressure, humidity,weather, climate, seismic activity, radiation , light, motion, proximity & etcforming large amounts of Big Data. Big data, the analysis of disparate pieces of information not originallydesigned to be looked at together is transmitted and actions implemented incontrol system pattern with self correction cycles becoming SMARTER WITHMULTIPLE ITERATIONS.

Relationship between AI & IOT – Neural NetworkData Storage,Analysis, creativethinking &DecisionDataCommunication ActivitiesData HarvestingMonitoring,Measuring andReportingEnvironmental External Stimuli

Conventional City Eco -SystemCitySectorsNot fullyintegrated!!!!!Services: Leadership, Accounting, HR, Customer Services, Legal, Marketing, Research,Directory

Smart City Eco System AI & IOT enhancementsNeeds &Priorities Citizens,Visitors Relatves Business Start ups Academia Public &Privateinstitutions ResearchSustainable CoexistenceSustainable Value Safe and Socialunification Environmentallyconscious EconomicallySustainableIntegrated SSC ExperienceIntegrated Vertical SectorsOperation CenterManagementSystemsService & Info servicesAsset & DevicesConnectivityICT InfrastructureCriticalAI IOT

Role of Telecoms in growing ICT Eco System (Africa) Most Viable Solution (MVS) for Africa.Mobile Broadband Network expansion (3G, 4G, 5G).Network signal re-farming (Spectral efficiency).Internet penetration drives (Pricing & Promotions).Market development (Retail & Distribution).New product development and innovation.Device OEM strategic partnerships.Digital transformation strategy.3rd party strategic partnerships with forward progressiveenterprises.Aggregation of Fintech entities (E-commerce).Digital transformation across the 7S Mckinsey frameworkinclude critical 8th S, Speed to market.Public private sector partnerships.Regulatory synergy & policy contributions.Consumer education and customer experience.ICT CSR & Philanthropy.Personnel Upskilling.