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Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020AAASHTO STANDARDSPolicy on Use ofABANDONMENTWater WellsABBREVIATIONSOfficial namesABRASIONAt Rural IntersectionsACCESS CONTROLDefinitionAlignment, ExistingAlignment, NewFrontage RoadsFrontage Roads Financed by OthersGeneral PolicyHighways, s, Financial ResponsibilityOpenings on ExpresswaysOpenings in Relation to Median OpeningsRights, Protection ofACCESSIBILITY nPartialof Material and Disposal Sites62.662.6111.5ACCRETIONAESTHETIC FACTORS61.1Curb Ramps, Guidelines forDrivewaysProvisions for Disabled PersonsRefuge AreasACCIDENT DATAADT/AADT110.2855.2ACCELERATION LANEACQUISITION82.3see AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFICContour Grading and Slope RoundingIn DesignMaterials and Color SelectionNoise BarrierPlantingRetaining 2210.5806.2
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualAGGREGATE BASEsee BASE Engineering Criteria663Engineering Criteria663AGGREGATE SUBBASEAGGRESSIVEAGREEMENTSAIR POLLUTIONDefinition806.2Drainage, CooperativeMaterials803.2111.4Control of BurningControl of Dust110.3110.3AIR RIGHTS62.6AIRWAY-HIGHWAYClearancesSubmittal of Data207207.2207.3Aesthetic FactorsBridgesChannelConsistency (Horizontal)Controls (Horizontal)Coordination (Horizontal/Vertical)CulvertsHorizontalVertical LTERNATIVES FOR CULVERT PIPES857ALUMINUM PIPE852.5ANGLE OF INTERSECTION403.3APPRAISAL62.6APPROACH SLABS, STRUCTUREAPPROVALSNew Construction ProjectsRehabilitation Projects208.11209.4Nonstandard Design FeaturesProprietary ItemsSpecial Designs82.2110.10606.2AREAS OF CONFLICTIntersectionsARTERIALMinor, DefinitionPrincipal, FERDefinition806.2ii
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020841.2ARCH CULVERTS852.3852.4852.5852.6ARMOR873.3ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS62.3ARTESIAN WATERSDefinitionASPHALT CONCRETE806.2see FLEXIBLE PAVEMNTASPHALT TREATED PERMEABLE BASEDefinitionDesign, Asphalt PavementDesign, Concrete PavementPavement ILIARY LANESAVAILABLE HEAD, USE OF821.1821.4AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC62.8103.1AVULSIONAXIS OF ROTATIONDefinition806.2Superelevation202.4AXLE LOADS, EQUIVALENT SINGLEsee EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOADSBBACKFILL, 4.4873.4BANKDefinitionGuideProtection, Definition806.2873.4806.2Armor870873.3BANK PROTECTIONiii
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualDesign, ConceptsDesign, High Water and HydraulicsGeomorphology and Site ConsiderationsTrainingBARRIERConcrete on WallsMedianNoiseRailingBASEBASEMENT SOILBASIN 08.10DefinitionsAggregateAsphalt TreatedAsphalt Treated PermeableCement TreatedCement Treated PermeableDescriptionEngineering CriteriaGranular, UntreatedHot Mix Asphalt ConcreteLean ConcreteTreated 1662.2662.2662.3see SUBGRADEElevationLand UseOrientationShapeSizeSlopeSoil & 34.4304.3BERM835BIKEWAYClass I, Design CriteriaClass II WidthClass IIIClass IVDefinitionsDesign 11001.4404.21002
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020MarkingsOvercrossingsPlanning CriteriaRailingsRefuge AreasStandardsTraffic Control DevicesTrailsUndercrossingsBITUMINOUSCoatings On PipesBORDER INSPECTION 6852.4107.3BORROWDefinitionBRANCH CONNECTIONFreeway-to-freewayInterchange, Entrances and Exits62.762.4504.4504.2BRIDGE REPLACEMENT & REHABILITATION Approach RailingClearancesDeer CrossingDefinitionEmbankment SlopesEquipment CrossingsFalsework ClearanceFlood DesignGrade LineOverloadsSlope Treatment, EndStructure DepthStructure, Open EndTypes of Structuresalso see GRADE SEPARATION STRUCTURESBROKEN-BACK CURVEsee CURVESBULBOUTSsee CURB, nFactors806.2813.8861.2864.3
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualBUSBAYSsee CURB, EXTENTIONSBUSBULBSsee CURB, EXTENTIONSBUSINESS DISTRICTDefinitionsBYPASS HIGHWAY62.662.3CCALIFORNIA OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (CAL-OSHA)Tunnel Safety OrdersCALIFORNIA R-VALUEDefinitionMeasurement ofRecord KeepingCALIFORNIA ROAD SYSTEM MAP62.7614.3605.181.4CAMBERDefinitionCANTILEVER WALLSCAPACITY110.12806.2829.2210.1Drainage StructureHighwayIntersectionOperational Features Affecting DesignRamp IntersectionSafety Roadside on806.2CAPILLARY WATERDefinition806.2841.2CAPITAL PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE603.3CATCH BASINDefinitionInlets806.2837.2CATCH POINTClearance to Right of Way LineSide Slope Standards304.2304.1CATTLE PASSES208.8CEMENT TREATED PERMEABLE BASEalso see BASE DefinitionCENTRAL ANGLE62.7203.4CENTRIFUGAL FORCEFormulaSuperelevationvi202.1202
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020CHAIN LINKFencesRailings, BridgesCHANNEL, ROADSIDE701.2208.10Alignment & GradeChangesCharacteristicsCross SectionDesign ConsiderationFlow ClassificationsFlow 66.2866.3865864861.9Design StandardsLeft-turnPrinciples NELIZATION, PRINCIPLES OFAngle of IntersectionAreas of ConflictMajor MovementsPoints of ConflictPrecautionsProhibited TurnsRefuge AreasSignal ControlSpeed-change AreasSummaryTraffic Control DevicesTurning 9403.5403.11403.10403.6CHECK finition806.2842.4Stopping Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves201.6CLEAR DISTANCECLEAR RECOVERY hwayFalseworkLateral, for Elevated StructuresMinimumvii
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualPedestrian Over CrossingsRailroadSigns, VerticalSlope to Right of Way LineStructures, HorizontalStructures, VerticalTunnelCLIMATEPavement MapCLIMBING ionsSustained Grades206.2204.5Local CIENT OF ROUGHNESSChannelsConduit866.3851.2COEFFICIENT OF RUNOFFDefinition806.2819.2COLLECTOR ROADDefinition62.381.4CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGECOATINGSCOLLISIONS402.2COLORS, SELECTIONConcreteSteel Structures705.1705.2COMFORT FACILITIESRoadside Rests912COMFORTABLE SPEEDSsee MAXIMUM COMFORTABLE SPEEDCOMMERCIAL DRIVEWAYS205COMMUNITY NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAM1101.4COMPOSITE PAVEMENTDefinitionEngineering PropertiesMechanistic-Empirical MethodNew ConstructionPavement PreservationPerformance MPOUND CURVESviii
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020CONCENTRATED FLOWCONCENTRATIONCONCRETEDefinition806.2Drainage, Definition806.2Base, Lean62.7662.2210.2705.1620Gravity WallsPaintingPavement, RigidPortland Cement Pavement (PCCP)see RIGID PAVEMENTRetaining WallsCONDEMNATIONDefinitionInverseCONDUITCross SectionCrossover, IrrigationDefinitionProtective Coating210.262.662.6851.2706.4806.2854.3CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITYIMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 205.562.4504.4106.2203.1205.2107.1Access Openings on ExpresswaysBranchBranch Interchange, Entrances and ExitsDriveways on Frontage RoadsDriveways on Rural RoadsDriveways on Urban RoadsFinancial ResponsibilityFreeway-to-freewayFreeway with Local RoadsLocal FacilityPrivate RoadRoadwayCONSERVATION OF MATERIALS AND SLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTalso see RIGID y Connections with Local RoadsInitial and StageTemporary FeaturesTemporary Pavements and DetoursCONTOUR GRADING304.4ix
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualAesthetics109.3CONTRACTORS YARDS/PLANT SITES112CONTRAST TREATMENT704704.1PolicyCONTROLDrainage, DefinitionErosionTraffic, DevicesTraffic, Special ProblemsCONTROL OF ACCESS806.2110.262.8403.10110.7see ACCESS CONTROLCONTROL OF POLLUTIONsee POLLUTION CONTROLCONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY62.3CONTROLLING CRITERIA82.1CONVENTIONAL HIGHWAYSSidewalks62.3105.1Transit Loading FacilitiesDivided Nonfreeway Facilitieswith FHWA108108.2108.1108.3COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIESCOST REDUCTION INCENTIVE PROPOSALSWalls210.4COUNTERFORT WALLS210.2CRASH CUSHIONS702.1CRIB WALLS210.2CRITICALDepth, DefinitionFlow, DefinitionSlope, DefinitionVelocity, DefinitionCROSS DRAINAGECROSS SECTION806.2806.2806.2806.2820City Streets and County RoadsClear Recovery Zone,Effects on DrainageFrontage RoadsGeometricGradeMultilane, All PavedMultilane, DividedMultilane, 2R & 3R CriteriaOuter 7.6310.2
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020State HighwayTwo-lane, New ConstructionTwo-lane, 2R & 3RWarrants for307307.2307.3307.1CROSS SECTION, OTHER THAN STATE HIGHWAY ROADSCity and County Roads308308.1CROSS SECTION, STATE HIGHWAYsee CROSS SECTIONCROSS SLOPESCROSSINGSCROSSOVEREffects on .3Irrigation, Conduits706.3CUL-DE-SAC STREETCULVERTS62.3Alignment & SlopeAlternative PipesAnchorageAvailable HeadBackwaterBedding & BackfillBox and ArchBridgesBuoyant ForcesCamberChoice of TypeCulvert Design SystemCurvatureDefinitionDesign DischargeDesign Flood, DefinitionDesign Frequency, DefinitionDesign Storm, DefinitionEnd TreatmentEntrance DesignEntrance 826826.3
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualGradelineHeadwallHeadwaterHeight of CoverLengthMinimum CoverMultiple PipesOutlet DesignPipingRoughnessSagService LifeSettlementSlopeTransitionsType 3.2826.4824Guidelines forPolicy and Procedure105.4105.4105.3BridgesDesign ConsiderationsExtensionsFrontage Roads and StreetsGeneral PolicyGrade SeparationsGutter Pan, Cross SlopeMedianPosition ofRampsReturns, for City StreetsStructuresTypes and .5504.3405.8303.5303.2Broken-backCompoundCompound, Superelevation ofHorizontalLength and Central Angle203.7203.5202.6203203.4Hydrologic ConsiderationsImproved InletsInlet ControlJointsCURB RAMPSCURBSCURVESxii
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020Location of Ramp onMaximum Comfortable SpeedsRadiusRamp WideningReversingReversing, Superelevation Transition forSpiralSuperelevationThree-CenterVerticalCUT 7204.4304.3DD-LOADCracking D-LoadDefinitionReinforced Concrete PipeDAM856.2806.2852.1829.9DEAD END STREETDefinitionDEBRIS62.3Barrier, DefinitionBasin, DefinitionBulkingControl StructureDefinitionRack, 822.2Left TurnsRight Turns403.4405.2405.3DECELERATION LANEDECISION SIGHT DISTANCE201.7DEER CROSSINGS208.8DEFENSE ROUTERural and Single Interstate Routes309.2DrainagePavement Structural SectionDeflection ELAYDefinition62.8DEFINITIONSxiii
IndexJuly 1, 2020Highway Design ManualDENSITYDESIGN62.8Bank ProtectionCapacitiesDesignationDischargeDischarge, EstimatingFlood, EstablishingFrequency, DefinitionGeometric StandardsHourly VolumeHourly Volume, hore ProtectionSpeed (see DESIGN SPEED)Standards, ApplicationsStormStorm, DefinitionWave 4405103.281.1883.1Design PeriodRelation to Design103.2103.1DESIGN DESIGNATIONDESIGN HOURLY VOLUME80821.2806.2883.262.8103.1DESIGN LIFEPavementRelation to Design Period612103.1DefinitionEntrances & ExitsFreeway-to-freeway MinimumFreeway Entrances & ExitsLocal FacilityScenic 1109101.1101.2DESIGN SPEEDDESIGN VEHICLEDefinitionTransitCalifornia TruckOfftrackingSTAA Truckxiv62.10404404.2404.2404.1404.2
Highway Design ManualIndexJuly 1, 2020Swept WidthTracking WithTurning TemplatesWheelbaseDESIGN VOLUME404.2404.2404.3404.2see DESIGN HOURLY VOLUMEDESIGN, FACTORS .3AccidentsCapacityUndesirable Geometric Features402402.2402.1402.2Design PeriodRelation to Design103.2103.1Local Roads Used as110.7106.2Definition806.2DESIGN, OPERATIONAL FEATURES AFFECTINGDESIGNATION, DESIGNDETOURSDETRITUSDHVsee DESIGN HOURLY VOLUMEDIAMOND INTERCHANGE502.2DIKESFrontage Roads and StreetsGeneral PolicyGuide, EarthenPCC Grouted RiprapPosition ofRampToe, EarthenTypes and ion ofEnvironmental RequirementsInformation Furnished to Prospective Bidders111111.5111.1111.3DISCHARGEDISPOSAL SITES/MATERIALS SITESxv
IndexJuly 1, 2020DISTANCE, CLEARHighway Design ManualInvestigation of Local Material SourcesMandatory, on Federal-aid ProjectsMaterial Arrangements111.2111.6111.4Stopping Sight Distance on Horizontal peDIVERGING62.8DIVERSIONDIVIDED HIGHWAYDefinition806.2DefinitionGrade Line62.3204.2DIVIDED NONFREEWAY FACILITY108.1DIVISION OF DESIGN10DOWEL 4834.4DOWNDRAINSDRAINEdge System (see EDGE DRAIN)DRAINAGEArea, DefinitionAreaBasic PolicyChannelsComputer ProgramsCooperative Projects PolicyCourse, DefinitionDefinitionDesign ResponsibilityDetention BasinsDivide, DefinitionEasement, DefinitionEcon
AASHTO STANDARDS Policy on Use of 82.3 ABANDONMENT Water Wells 110.2 ABBREVIATIONS Official names 61.1 ABRASION 855.2 ACCELERATION LANE At Rural Intersections 405.1 ACCESS CONTROL Definition 62.6 104 Alignment, Existing 104.3 Alignment, New 104.3 Frontage Roads 104.3 Frontage Roads Financed by Others 104.3 General Policy 104.1 Highways, Definition 62.3
