WIXLIB

ecolog 100PLUS - fundamentals and conceptsHow is a projectcreated?A project is created using the following procedures: The R360 configuration– I/O definitionComponent creation–POUs–Data–VisualisationsHow can I testmy project?Of course the true test of a project is the start-up of the actual plant. However,the simulation mode in ecolog has proved a valuable possibility to test aproject.What is thesimulationoption?The term simulation (simulation mode) refers to imitating the controller andplant reaction on a PC. With such a test system which does not require the PLCsystem or the plant, errors can already be detected and corrected in the office.This saves time and nerves. The effect can be further increased if the simulatedsystem is shown with visualisation images.Using the simulation mode along with the many debugging features available inecolog allows you to complete your precommissioning test easily andefficiently.Hardware specific functions cannot be tested in the simulation mode.What debuggingfeatures doesecolog have?The following debugging features are standard with ecolog: forcing of I/O’s and variables creation of watch windows for current project data setting of breakpoints in simulation mode (stopping program execution) stepping What aboutdocumentation?2-2–from cycle to cycle–breakpoint to breakpoint in simulation modesampling trace (graph of variable values as a function of time)The whole project can be completely or partly documented at any time or canbe exported in a text file.

3.What is what in ecolog 100PLUS?In this chapter you will find out about:3.1. the IEC 61131-3 standard the different components of a project in ecolog the available programming languages the available online functions in ecologThe IEC 61131-3 normThe IEC 61131-3 norm is an international standard for programming languagesfor programmable logic controllers.The programming languages in ecolog meet the requirements of the norm.The processing of an ecolog project starts with the special POU PLC PRG.The POU PLC PRG can call other POUs.3.2.Which components does a project have?ProjectA project contains all objects of a control program. It is saved in a file with thename of the project. A project in ecolog is structured as follows.ecolog projectPOUsData types PLC PRG operatorsvariables (BOOL, WORD,INT, TIME) programs arrays functions structures function blocksVisualisationsPOUPLC PRG, operators, programs, functions and function blocks are POUs.PLC PRG has a special status.PLC PRGPLC PRG is a special predefined POU. Each project has to contain this specialprogram. This POU is called exactly once per control cycle.When 'Project''Add Object' is executed for the first time after a new projecthas been created, the POU dialogue has a default POU with the namePLC PRG, type program. You should not change this default!3-1

Which components does a project have?Do not delete POU PLC PRG and do not rename it.Each POU consists of a declaration part and a body. The body is written in oneof the IEC programming languages IL, ST, SFC, FBD or LD.ecolog supports almost all IEC standard POUs. If you want to use these POUsin your project, you have to link library Standard.lib to your project. POUs cancall other POUs. Recursions, however, are not allowed.OperatorAn operator is a POU that links other POUs in a defined way. The programmingsystem knows these operators and they do not need to be linked to the projectlike e.g. functions.ProgramA program is a module which is used for structuring the set task. An example ofthis could be a machine control. At the switching panel you can select betweenmanual, jog or automatic operation. The program is called once per cycledepending on the operating mode.Programs are globally known in the whole project. All values are retained fromone program execution to the next.Program exampleFunctionA function is a POU which, when executed, supplies exactly one data element(which can also be multi-element such as arrays or structures). For clarification,let's look at the function sin 90 . The result of this function is the value 1.When declaring the function please note that the function has to keep its type.This means that the function name must be followed by a colon, followed by atype.A correct function declaration might look like this:FUNCTION Fct:INTAlso, a result has to be assigned to the function. This means that the functionname is used like an output variable.3-2

What is what in ecolog 100PLUS?A function declaration starts with the key word FUNCTION and ends withEND FUNCTION.Function blockA function block is a POU that does not only supply a feedback value as is thecase for a function. On execution it supplies one or several values. One functionblock can combine several functions.A function block declaration starts with the key word FUNCTION BLOCK andends with END FUNCTION BLOCK.An example in IL for a function block with two input variables and two outputvariables. One output is the product of both inputs, the other one is acomparison regarding equality.Example of a function blockInstances offunction blocksCopies of function blocks are called instances. These instances can be usedseveral times in one project.Each instance has a name (the instance name) and a data structure whichcontains its inputs, outputs and internal variables. Instances, like variables, aredeclared locally or globally by indicating the name of the function block.Example of an instance called PUMPE 11 of the function block pump control.PUMPE11: pump control;Function blocks are always called via the above instances.You can only access the input and output parameters from outside the instanceof a function block, i.e. the internal variables of the function block remaininvisible for the user of the function block.3-3

Which languages are available in ecolog 100PLUS?Data typesIn a project the data types are in charge of the data organisation. Apart fromstandard data types the user can define his own data types. Structures,enumeration types and references can be defined.VariablesBOOL, WORD, INT, DWORD, DINT and TIME can be used as variables.ArraysArrays are complex variables which are addressed via an index (see fields)StructuresStructures are complex variables comparable to records.Visualisationecolog provides you with the possibility of visualisation to illustrate your projectvariables. By means of visualisation you can draw geometrical elements offline.These elements can then change their shape or colour online depending oncertain variable values.Other contents of a project which can be, but do not have to be, used are:ResourcesYou need the resources for configuring and organising your project and fortracking variable values: Global variables which can be used in the complete project PLC configuration for configuring your hardware Task configuration for controlling your program via tasks Sampling trace for the graphic recording of variable values Watch and receipt manager for displaying and pre-assigning variablevalues.LibrariesYou can link a variety of libraries in your project whose POUs, data types andglobal variables you can use as well as self-defined ones. The Standard.lib isavailable as a standard (e.g. for the controller).3.3.Which languages are available in ecolog 100PLUS?Function block diagram (FBD)Function plan is a graphical programming language. It uses a list of networks;each network contains a structure representing a logic or arithmeticalexpression, a function block call, a jump or return instruction. Operators,functions and function blocks are shown as boxes. The name of an operator, afunction or a function block is displayed in the box.Advantages Intuitive operation, therefore well suited for beginners Clear structure due to graphical depiction Integrated word processing Bit and word processing can be combinedDisadvantages3-4

What is what in ecolog 100PLUS? Confusing for complex processes Only limited and confusing use of program loopsThe ecolog 100PLUS CD contains an example of a dryer control programmed inFBD. It is also available as visualisation.3-5

Which languages are available in ecolog 100PLUS?Visualisation of a dryer controlDetail of the program text3-6

What is what in ecolog 100PLUS?Ladder diagram (LD)Ladder diagram is also a graphical programming language resembling theprinciple of an electric circuit.On the one hand ladder diagram is ideal for designing logic switch mechanisms,on the other hand it is also suited for creating networks as in FBD. Therefore LDcan well be used for controlling calls of other POUs. More about this later.Advantages Clear and easy to understand due to graphical depiction with mainly bitprocessing. Internationally usedDisadvantagesConfusing in complex processes due to different depiction of bit and wordprocessing.The ecolog 100PLUS CD contains an example of a motor control programmed inLD. It is also available as visualisation.Visualisation of a motor control3-7

Which languages are available in ecolog 100PLUS?Detail of the program textThe ladder diagram consists of a sequence of networks. On the right and lefthand side a network is limited by a current lead. In between, you find a circuitdiagram consisting of contacts, coils and links.On the left side each network consists of a series of contacts displaying, fromleft to right, the states "ON" or "OFF"; these states correspond to the Booleanvalues TRUE and FALSE. Each contact is linked to a Boolean variable. Whenthis variable is TRUE, the state is passed on from left to right over the link;otherwise the right connection is given the value OFF.ContactEach network in LD consists of a contact network on the left side (contacts areshown by means of two parallel lines: ), passing on the states "ON" or "OFF"from left to right.These states correspond to the Boolean values TRUE and FALSE. Eachcontact is linked to a Boolean variable. When this variable is TRUE, the state ispassed on from left to right over the link; otherwise the right connection is giventhe value OFF.Contacts can be switched in parallel; one of the parallel branches then has tosubmit the value "On" so that the parallel branch submits the value "On". Or thecontacts are switched in series; in this case all contacts have to submit the state"On" so that the last contact submits the state "On". This corresponds to electricparallel or series connections.A contact can also be negated which is symbolised by the slash in the contactsymbol: / . The value of the line is submitted when the variable is FALSE.Coil3-8On the right side of a network in LD you find any number of so-called coilsdepicted by brackets:( ). They can only be connected in parallel. A coil submitsthe value of the links from left to right and copies it into a related Booleanvariable. The input line can have the value ON (corresponds to the Booleanvariable TRUE) or the value OFF (corresponds to FALSE).

What is what in ecolog 100PLUS?Contacts and coils can also be negated (in our example the contact SCHALT1and the coil %QX3.0 are negated). Wenn a coil is negated (symbolised by theslash in the coil symbol: (/) it copies the negated value into the related Booleanvariable. When a contact is negated it only switches when the Boolean variableis FALSE.Function blocksin ladderdiagramApart from contacts and coils you can also enter function blocks and programs.In the network they have to have an input and an output with Boolean valuesand they can be used in the same places as contacts, i.e. on the left side of theLD network.Set/Reset coilsCoils can also be defined as set or reset coils. A set coil (identified by the 'S' inthe coil symbol: (S)) never overwrites the value TRUE in the related Booleanvariable. That means that once the variable has been set to TRUE it remainslike this.A reset coil (identified by the 'R' in the coil symbol: (R)), never overwrites thevalue FALSE in the related Boolean variable. That means that once the variablehas been set to FALSE it remains like this.LD as FBDWhen working with LD it might happen that you want to use the result of thecontact circuit to control other POUs. For this purpose you can save the resultby means of coils in a

What is ecolog? ecolog is a complete development environment for the R360 PLC system. ecolog is a tool, which makes it easy to learn how to write programs to IEC-61131-3 standard. What is IEC1131-3? IEC1131-3 is an international standard for PLC programming languages. It is important to know that only the programming language has been standardised