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Senthil Raja et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology(sub-millimeter error) in spite of the inherently largebeam diameter of the millimeter wave by easurement by a limited portion of the spread beamto reflect and it is modulated in the frequency of theother part of the beam to differ. The feasibility of ourproposed method for clearly an air-liquid interfacedetecting hidden in an opaque container is confirmedexperimentally. The non-linearity error of themeasured liquid level within 0.5 , such as factory automation, industrialprocesses and medical instruments. There is a widevariety of methods for measuring the level of whichin the field of mechanical float and capacitive andoptical sensors ultrasonic method. General capacitivelevel sensors measure the electrical capacitancebetween two electrodes immersed in a liquid andcalculate the liquid level of the capacity. A capacitivesensor semi cylindrical mounted to a liquid containercan measure liquid level, without coming into contactwith the liquid, has, but its accuracy is not high,because the capacity of the distance between thecontainer and the sensor is highly dependent. Opticalsensors such as CCD cameras can measure fluidwithout the liquid with the image processing.However, to capture an image of the surface of theliquid, the container should be transparent, or theoptical sensors should be introduced into thecontainer. By the use of ultrasonic sensors, level canbe calculated from the area between the sensor andthe liquid surface. However, these sensors cannot beused for sealed containers. The principle ofmeasurement is based on the absorption properties ofa millimeter wave to a target liquid.2.3 Embedded System of a Wireless-Based TheftMonitoringS.Vijayaraghavan et al (2010) describes that ZigBeeis a new global standard for wireless communicationwith the characteristics of low cost, low powerconsumption and low data rate. The design andimplementation of a ZigBee-based wireless theftmonitoring proposed in this paper. The experimentalresults show that the design to meet the basic needsof auto theft monitoring. It can act as a platform ofwireless monitor system and provides a newhardware design approach for wireless ZigBeenetworks. The theft can be identified and a textmessage is sent through GSM. Simultaneously, thecamera takes the picture at runtime. Wired systemsare complex to manipulate any kind of circuit design.The system uses forzigbee module for datatransmission system with the help of GSM and videocamera. The main application of zigbee areas coversindustrial control, consumer electronics, automotiveautomation, agricultural automation and medicalequipment control. In the above automation system isthe main application of theft monitoring system. InGSM based automation system, if the sensor is todetect the signal, so that GSM modem has to send thedata to the specified mobile phone number, but thedisadvantage of this system, when the mobile isoutside the range, then message is not received. Invideo camera automation system, the camera takesthe video all the time. Here the data is transmittedonly via a wireless connection. When the phone goesout of range, then the recorded video data is notavailable.Int J AdvEngg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue II/April-June,2016/757-765E-ISSN 0976-39452.4 Vehicle Monitoring and Theft PreventionSystem Using ARM CortexNurulHutha.S et al (2013) describes vehicle theft byprofessional thieves a persistent problem throughoutthe world and a greater challenge comes been. Amodern vehicle uses remote keyless entry system andan immobilizer system as the main weapon againstvehicle theft. But these systems do not preventunauthorized access of the vehicle to some degree.Smart gravitational lock is used to prevent the theftby the air gesture keys used by the keychain of thevehicle, which provides a high level of safety for thevehicle. If it is not using Keychain, then the vehicle isensured by touch screen ignition where the softwarekey, where gesture on the touch screen. GPS andGSM technologies enable the vehicle owner fromanywhere to track the vehicle at all times andmonitor. While GPS outage environment inertialsensor is used, the 3-axis MEMS magnetometer andaccelerometer contains that inform the vehiclepositions to the owner by using dead reckoningmethod. To restrict movement of the vehicle within acertain range, GPS fencing, is used in the fenceradius, can be programmed on the touch-screendisplay.The integrated motion detection sub-system is used,the vehicle measures the 3-D position and to detectwhen the vehicle is moved or inclined, if thethreshold is exceeded. With car theft, fuel supply iscarried out slowly to cut off thereby disabling bysending the message the vehicle. To reduce theincidence of theft of the car and to be theintellectualized auto-guard demand of people's needs,the car with the accelerometer for secret key is madeavailable gesture. To improve the safety andreliability of the vehicle, the unit betweenintellectualized protection and remote control. Thereare still some security holes that these technologiesdo not address. For example, while the immobilizercan prevent a thief from a car engine starting anddriving, it is not in the location away from theprofessional thief towing, the car to stop.The professional thieves can then remove the stolenvehicle and the components re-sell. GPS and GSMtechnologies enable the vehicle owner fromanywhere to track the vehicle with the mobile phoneat all times and monitor. The major improvement inthis function is the ability to inform the vehicleposition even during a GPS failure with DeadReckoning method. This is achieved with the aid ofinertial navigation sensors, the 3 -axis MEMSmagnetometer and a 3 -axis MEMS accelerometer isone that compensates for the inclination compassmodule acts. If the owner approaches the vehicle, thesystem automatically checks the code of the remotebutton and the vehicle sends a head light flash andhorn sound off to indicate its presence. This feature isknown as car finder and it helps the owner thevehicle in a parking lot, where several vehicles areparked to find.2.5 Real Time Vehicle Theft Identity andControl System Based on ARM 9D. Narendar Singh et al (2013) describes, Due to theinsecure environment, the ratio of vehicle theftincreases rapidly. Due to this, manufacturers ofluxury automobiles have to ensure the authorizationfor owners and also in built the anti- theft system toprevent the vehicle from theft. The proposed system

Senthil Raja et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technologyfor intelligent cars to prevent loss or theft withAdvanced RISC Machine (ARM) processor. Itperforms real-time user authentication (driver, whostarts the engine) with face detection, the principlecomponent analysis (PCA) algorithm. According tothe comparison result (authentic or not), ARMprocessor triggers certain actions. If the result is notauthentic ARM generates the signal blocking the caraccess (i.e. the interrupt signal to car engine to stophis action) and inform the car owner on theunauthorized access via Multimedia Message Service(MMS) with the help of GSM/GPRS modem. Also itcan be extended to the current position of the vehiclewith the help of the GPS modem as Short MessageServices (SMS).It proposes an extendable EmergencyResponse System for smart car to prevent it from lossor theft with Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)processor RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computingrefers). In this method the Face detection subsystem(FDS) aims at the recognition face (who try to accessthe Auto).Using PCA algorithm of the own commonvalues of the person is found and compares the imagewith the nearest value in some mathematical form.Ifthe person matches the existing owner’s identity,vehicle starts or else the owner will get MMS withGeographical co-ordinate values of the vehiclelocation as SMS.In each electric motor, operating is based on simpleelectromagnetism. A current-carrying conductorgenerates a magnetic field; if this is then in anexternal magnetic field will experience a force that isproportional to the current in the conductor and thestrength of the external magnetic field. As you know,from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite (northand south), while tightening the polarities aspolarities (north and north, south and south) repel.The internal configuration of a dc motor is designedto capture the magnetic interaction between a currentcarrying conductor and an external magnetic field togenerate.2.6 Modified Type Intelligent Digital Fuel IndicatorSystemThere are many sensor is based on the marketavailable techniques for measurement of level andthere is a narrow idea of the quantity of fluid, but itcan be an accurate approximation of the quantity asin cars by fuel m where an idea of whether the tank isfull, half full or empty, etc. can be determined. Thefill level of the detector and the Optimizer play animportant role in tanks for the specification of theliquid of a specific density. This device Digitaldisplays the level of the liquid in the tank, fuelcomposition & current function of the vehicle usingthe load sensors. A fuel level detector (tank display)is a device in a car or another vehicle, measures theamount of fuel remaining in the vehicle. This type ofsystem can be used to measure the amount ofgasoline or any other type of liquid. There is usuallyor sensor measures the amount of fuel actually andleaves a dial indicator or indicator, passes thisinformation outside of the container. A tank displaycan be designed in a number of different ways andmany measuring devices are several deficiencies, themeasured values can be less accurate. The two partsof the fuel gauge are the remote sensing or sensor andthe display or display. A sensor unit is the part of atank display within or to the actual storage containerson a single vehicle. For example, the sensor unitInt J AdvEngg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue II/April-June,2016/757-765E-ISSN 0976-3945consists of a float in the tank, connected with a metalrod that leads to a small electrical circuit. The floatraises or lowers. Depending on the quantity of fuel inthe tank, wheel speed, braking torque, load (vehiclepassenger’s luggage) & acceleration ratio etc.2.7 Fuel Gauge Sensing Technologies forAutomotive ApplicationsThe paper describes the existing fuel displaytechniques used in cars i.e. the traditional fuel displaysystem and the smart fuel display system. It describesits function and a comparison is made between thetwo existing techniques based on performance,complexity and cost of development. Some problemsin relation to the existing techniques are identifiedand a better alternative sensing technology. A tankdisplay (or gas) is an instrument used to indicate thatthe level of the fuel in the tank. The system consistsof two important circuits, is used to record anddisplay fuel level. The sensor unit normally sends afloat type of fuel level sensor to measure, while theindicator measures the amount of electrical currentthrough the sensor unit and indicates that voltagefrom the fuel tank sensor. There are differenttechniques to implement remote sensing and systems.The existing traditional and the micro controllerbased type float measuring techniques are far fromexact. On the conservative, but the microcontrollerbased procedure is more accurate in comparison tothe traditional procedures but still lacks accuracy bymeans of the fuel in the tank, if sloshing float sensoris calibrated with reference to the size and the curvesof the tanks. Efficient and reliable sensing technologyis the capacitive level sensing system, the use of tiltsensor as well as a microprocessor, remedialmeasures code installed, located on the fuel sensorsignal on the basis of the inclinometer measurementsprovide highly precise measurement of the level offuel in the tank.2.8 Vehicle Tracking and Locking System Based onGSMCurrently, the majority of people have a vehicle, onthe other hand theft rate on the increase. Mostly theftoccurs on parking areas. The safety of vehicles isvery important. Vehicle tracking and locking systemfitted to the vehicle to follow the place and the motor.The place of the vehicle is identified with GlobalPositioning System (GPS) and GSM. These systemsbe monitored constantly and a moving truck andreports the status on demand. If the theft is identified,the responsible person sends an SMS to the microcontroller, and then question the control signals tostop the engine. Authorized person must send thepassword to the controller to start the vehicle andopen the door. This is more secure, reliable and costeffective.If an interruption in each side of the door, then the IRsensor detects the signals and an SMS text message issent to the micro-controller. The controller sends themessage about the place of the vehicle to the vehicleowner or authorized person. Speeds are graduallyreduced and finally stopped and then all the doors arelocked. The door to open or restart the engine,authorized person desires to enter the passwords. Inthis method the track the position of the vehicle iseasy.2.9 Intelligent Anti-Theft and Tracking System forAutomobilesBefore an efficient automotive security system is

Senthil Raja et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technologyimplemented for anti-theft with an embedded systemin conjunction with a Global Positioning System(GPS) and GSM. The clients communicates via thissystem and determine their current locations andstatus with Google Earth. The user can use theposition of the vehicles specifically on Google Earth.Using GPS locator, the objective of the currentlocation is determined and together with variousparameters received from vehicle data port, usingShort Message Service SMS via GSM networks witha GSM modem is connected to a PC or laptop. TheGPS coordinates are corrected with a discreteKalman filter. To lock the vehicle, the user can turnoff a group of each vehicle, if any intruders seek itthrough the blockade of the gas. This system is verysafe and efficient to report emergencies such asaccident or engine damage.A cost-effective vehicle tracking and monitoringsystem is presented. The program incorporated atransmitting module that contains an embeddedsystem which combines GPS and GSM devices toretrieve the location and condition of the vehicleinformation and send it to the other stationarymodule. The second module collects the informationtransmitted via SMS and processes it in a compatibleformat on Google Earth to the position and thevehicle status online.2.10 Fuel Estimation for Heavy Vehicles LevelUsing a Kalman FilterThe aim of the system is to have a more accuratemethod for measuring the level in the fuel tank. Thelevel should be displayed for the driver and an earlywarning system should be implemented to make theoperator aware, if the fuel level is too low. It is alsoan essential objective is the development of anestimate of the distance that the vehicle could travelis required before refuelling. The fuel levelestimation system modelled with mat lab Simulinkand simulated with measurement data collected byreal driving scenarios. After evaluation of the systemis in one of the control devices (electrical controldevices), which is on a test vehicle, communicateswith other systems. After the implementation, moretests will be carried out with the test vehicle to verifythat the same functionality is achieved during thesimulations is provided by the system in a vehicle.The fuel level is estimated with a KF (Kalman filter),the fuel consumption and filling level measurementresults in a good performance. A A.more stable levelestimate is reached. The KF is more demanding interms of memory allocation, processor speed and therequired inputs to look at the comparison of the twomethods. A further disadvantage with the KF isdependent on the samples from the fuel level sensorto a first estimate during the boot process. The KF iseasy with several inputs, use information from othersensors on other parts of the vehicle.2.11 Anti-Theft Control System Design UsingEmbedded SystemThis system provides an anti-theft control system forautomobiles that attempts to prevent the theft of avehicle. This system makes use of a built-in chip thathas an inductive proximity sensor, the meaning of thekey during insertion and sends an SMS to the ownerof the mobile, indicates that the car is accessed. Thisis followed by the system in the car, in which the useris prompted to enter a unique password. Thepassword consists of letters and the car key. If theInt J AdvEngg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue II/April-June,2016/757-765E-ISSN 0976-3945user does not enter the correct password in threestudies, an SMS message is sent to the police withthe vehicle number, and the situation is with a GPSmodule. The message is also sent to the holder on theillicit use. Further, the injector of the cars will bedisabled so that the user is not to start the car. At thesame time a secret lock system is activated and theunauthorized user receives in the car and only theowner is the key to the mystery lock system candisable the mechanism. The design is robust andsimple. This regulation contains a micro controller &a mobile for the purposes of the communication. TheGlobal System of Mobile Communications (GSM) isthe most widely used standard for mobile phones inthe world. Over billion people use GSM services inthe world. The usability of the GSM standard allowsinternational roaming very often between mobilephone operators, so subscribers to use their phones inmany parts of the world.2.12 A Novel Fluid Level Sensor: Dual Purpose,Auto ranging, Self-CalibratingA fluid level sensor distinguishes between isotropicliquids due to their electrical conductivity anddielectric constants. The sensor determines theelectrical properties of the fluid that selects theappropriate method for measuring conductivity orcapacity, then calculates the depth of the probe in theliquid studied. Readings include the depth ofinsertion, dielectric constant and electricalconductivity. The probe is automatic range selectionand self-calibrating. Many vehicles with internalcombustion engine of today run on a mixture ofgasoline and ethanol and other fuel additives. It isdesirable to create a robust, low-cost measuringdevice to the level of the fuel in the vehicle tank.Capacitive or conductive probes can be used in thisapplication, but they suffer from serious defects.Before ultramodern capacitive sensor depth probesare not intended for use with these compounds due tothe complex nature of the variation of the dielectricconstant as a function of the concentration of variouskinds. The same applies to pre-art conductivitysensor depth probes. The effect of temperature onthese measurements is also a concern. A depthmeasurement probe, not suffer these shortcomings.The probe is mechanically simple and uses automaticrange selection electronic circuits to measure bothfluid properties and the depth of the probe in a liquid.2.13 Design, construction, and implementation of aremote fuel-level monitoring systemCars, motorcycles, trucks, generators, andcompressors are powered by internal combustionengine needs refuelling so that it can run. Theproblems associated with this equipment is to knowhow to contain fuel to know how much fuel is leftand to know how best to the fuel will be stored forthe safety, security and benefits. In addition to therising cost of fuel, there are also cases of fuel theft(from both stationary tanks and Transport Tanker),fuel leakage, premature dehydration, inaccurate fuelrefill, improper engine consumption and driver"consistency means'. In order to address the aboveissues and to prevent damage to reputation, theAplicom 12 GSM module is connected via a wirelessnetwork to offer a convenient and cost-effective fuellevel monitoring system.Reza et al. worked on micro-controller-basedautomated water level sensing and controlling. A

Senthil Raja et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technologymicro-controller receives inputs from the sensor unitdetects the water level via an inverter. After the inputvariable has been processed by the microcontroller,the resulting output (ON/OFF), the condition of thetank was generated. The limitation of this paper isthat the system was only implemented locally.Remote monitoring and controlling were later carriedout by different authors. Hemnandan et al. designedand implemented a embedded control-based systemfor remote monitoring level from a diesel generator.If the fuel level status is required, Short MessageService (SMS) to the M33 GSM module in a remotelocation. The ultrasonic sensor detects the status, onboth the LCD display and LED bar display.3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS3.1 PurposeThe application uses the mikroC PRO for PIC whichis a powerful, feature-rich development tool for PICmicrocontrollers. The techniques necessary todevelop mikroC PRO for PIC microcontrollers arefollowed. It is designed to provide the programmerwith the easiest possible solution to developapplications for embedded systems, withoutcompromising performance or control. PIC is themost popular 8-bit chip in the world that is used in avariety of applications and C, appreciated for itsefficiency is the natural choice for the developmentof embedded systems.3.2 Product Functionality1. Fuel level calculation: It is a second levelcalculation. Here it will measure the fuel level.2. Retrieving Information: It is the third process tocollect and store the values that are retrieved fromthe float level sensor.3. Calculations: This performs all the calculationsthat are listed herea) Fuel Theft Calculation: When there is anymajor change in the fuel level in a shortperiod of time, notification is to be sentusing Wireless moduleb) Mileage Calculation: Based on the vehicleand its depreciation, the mileage per litrewillbe calculated3.3 Hardware SpecificationsThe hardware comprises of microcontrollers, inputand output devices, memories etc., on chip and theycan be used for a specific application. A smallcomputer designed in a single chip is a single chipmicro-computer. A single chip microcomputerusually contains a microprocessor RAM, ROM,timers, interrupts, and peripheral control into a singlechip. This chip micro-computer is also called microcontroller. These Microcontrollers are used forvariety of applications where it replaces thecomputer. The usage of this microcomputer for aspecific application, in which the microcontrollers apart of application, is called embedded systems.Embedded systems areused for real time applicationswith high reliability, accuracy and precision.3.4 Hardware Interfaces1. Key:A key is a variable value that is applied using analgorithm to a string or block of unencrypted text toproduce encrypted text, or to decrypt encrypted text.The length of the key is a factor in considering howdifficult it will be to decrypt the text in a givenmessage.2. REKEYING:Int J AdvEngg Tech/Vol. VII/Issue II/April-June,2016/757-765E-ISSN 0976-3945Rekeying refers to the process of changing theencryption key of an ongoing communication inorder to limit the amount of data encrypted with thesame key.3. LCD:A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a thin, flat screenaparato from any number of color or monochromepixels arrayed in front of the light source or reflector.It is often used in battery operated electronic devicesbecause it with very small quantities of electricalenergy. Each pixel of an LCD typically consists ofthe layer of molecules between two transparentelectrodes and polarization filters, the axs of thetransmission are (in some cases) 355to each other.Without liquid crystals the polarization filter, light,by the first filter is blocked by the second (crossed)polarizer. The surfaces of the electrodes in contactwith the liquid crystal material are treated to theliquid crystal molecules in a certain direction. Th

2.4 Vehicle Monitoring and Theft Prevention System Using ARM Cortex NurulHutha.S et al (2013) describes vehicle theft by professional thieves a persistent problem throughout the world and a greater challenge comes been. A modern vehicle uses remote keyless entry system and an immobilizer system as the main weapon against vehicle theft. But .