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New Walnut VarietiesUC Davis WalnutImprovement ProgramDepartment of Plant SciencesSac-Solano-Yolo Walnut DayFeb 23rd, 2016
Walnut Improvement Program Scion BreedingStandard cultivarsBlackline resistanceGenomics/DNA markers Rootstock ImprovementRootstock BreedingTissue cultureClonal rootstocks
Scion Breeding GoalsWhat do we want in new varieties? Yield– Precocity, Lateral flowering, No PFA Kernel color Early harvest dates Kernel halves Nut traits– Size, fill, shell and seal strength Reduced input costs– Disease/insect resistance– Reduced water use
Breeding Process
Nuts from crosses are flaggedGerminated in greenhouseSeed collectedPlants ready for field planting
Planting and Field Evaluation PhenologyLeafing dateFlowering datesHarvest date Precocity Lateral bearing Yield Tree form PFA Blight resistance
Nut and Kernel EvaluationNut weightShell traitsSealThicknessColorTextureKernel traitsColorWeightKernel percentFillShrivelPlumpnessEase of halves
Grower Field Trials and Input
This year we generated3,546 seed from crosses.We continue evaluating3,900 seedlings and 94selections for n(n)1111472432464013128936368615317873953
Ivanhoe x 03-001-977 CrossChandlerIvanhoeCheinovo sd.PI 06-005-3103-001-235703-001-193800-006-22756-224PI 159568Parents chosen for:ColorBlight resistanceHarvest dateFemale ParentIvanhoeMale ParentSeed collected from 2015 crosses for2016 23034403771092079110121
UC Davis Breeding ProgramGene Serr & Harold Forde1948 - 1979FranquetteVarietyFrench IntroductionsPayneLateral icoTehamaSerrChandlerHowardSunlandDate 96819681968197919791979Gene SerrHarold Forde
Walnut Breeding Program1982-2009Gale McGranahanCultivarReleasedCisco1990Tulare1993R. 010Solano2013Durham2016
Durham(93-028-20)Chandler x PI159568 Large, oval, smooth, attractive nuts Solid shells with good seals 55% kernel weight 8.3 g kernels - consistently light , plump Tulare or earlier harvest Leafs a few days before Chandler Has had very little blight Mid-season in-shell competitor with Hartley
Pedigree of Walnut VarietiesDurham
DurhamDavisKearneyChico
Durham
Durham 304/54/44/13/254/4Days after Payne11171514616Days after Chandler-60-2-4-11-14/44/134/104/134/34/13Peak female bloom4/184/234/214/194/144/23Harvest -17-6Leafing datePeak pollenDays after PayneDays after Chandler
Durham Nut and Kernel ll weight15.112.914.014.016.014.1Kernel weight8.36.47.17.57.96.4Percent .3Plumpness7.04.25.05.05.34.2Ease of Removal4.23.94.74.64.65.0% Extra light43.050.117.07.037.79.4% Light53.142.461.574.855.868.9% Tip % Veins
erChandlerChandlerHartleyHartleySerrSerr
Durham
DurhamChandler x PI159568 Tulare harvest date or earlierLeafs a few days before Chandler55% kernel8.3 g kernels consistent light color, plumpLow blightLarge, oval, smooth nuts – attractive appearanceVery solid shells with good sealsMid-season in-shell replacement for Hartley
SolanoUC 95-011-16Early harvest (Vina time)Precocious strong yield54 % kernel, 7.9 g nutsLight colorSolid uniform shellsUpright growth habitStandard tree sizeLeafing later than arkeyChicoMarchettiPI159568
SolanoPhenology CamparisonsTraitPayneSolanoLeafing date3/183/253/254/05Peak female4/74/134/134/23Peak male4/14/034/54/13Harvest9/159/229/2310/08Vina Chandler
SolanoNut and Kernel ComparisonsTraitVinaSolanoChandlerIn shell wt. (g)12.814.7 g13.4 gKernel wt (g)6.3 g7.9 g6.6 gPercent kernel49%54 %49 %% Extra light3%38 %50 %% Light43%56 %42 %
SolanoSolano
ChandlerIvanhoe Solano Durham
IvanhoeUC 67-13 x ChicoVery early harvest dateHigh yield, precocityExcellent color57% kernel, 7.4 g, easy halvesSmaller treeBlight susceptibleReleased for South Valley in 2010Femalesbloom first
IvanhoeKernelsChandlerIvanhoe
Kernel wt% kernelEx LightLightLeaf ndler13.46.64950424/510/8VarietyNut wtComparing Varieties
In the Future ?03-001-2357 (Chandler x Phase II)Outstanding color and yieldHarvests a week before Chandler, better yield and fillLeafs a week after Payne8.5 g kernels, easy halves, 60% kernelHulls split well and still hold nuts in tree03-001-1938 (Chandler x Phase II)Mid-season harvest similar to TulareExcellent color and yield7.9 g kernels, 58% kernelEasy removal of halves
Pollenizers for Chandler with Inverse Bloom HabitCiscoLeafs and harvests after Chandler6.5 g kernels, 45% kernel, 7% ExLite00-006-227Harvests with VinaLeafs a few days before Chandler7.9 g kernels, 60% kernel, 56% ExLiteVery good yield, shells are thin but sufficiently strong03-001-977Harvests with TulareLeafs a few day before Chandler8.1 g kernels, 58% kernel, 20% ExLiteSolid shells and seals, low blight04-003-143Harvests a week before ChandlerLeafs a week before Chandler9.1 g plump kernels, 55% kernel, 36% ExLiteGood yield, large smooth nuts with easy removal
00-006-227(76-80 x O.P)00-006-227Serr
Suggested Pollenizers for Recent ReleasesIvanhoeSerr, PayneSolanoChandler, Tulare, HowardDurhamChandler
Robert Livermore
Tulare Fall Leaf Drop
Gene Serr & Harold Forde. 1948 - 1979. Lateral Bearing. Variety Date of Cross Date Released Midland 1948 1968 Vina 1948 1968 Pioneer 1950 1968
