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Towards a Verifiable Ammonia EmissionsInventory for Cattle Feedlots in theGreat PlainsJay HamColorado State UniversityBrian Lamb, Kristen Johnson, Shelley PressleyWashington State University
Where’s the Beef ? 9 million head ofcattle in beef feedlotsacross the High Plains 85% of U.S. beeffeedlot inventory Other 15%– IA, CA, AZ, ID, WACourtesy of P.I. Coyne
NE Colorado CAFO Map
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Got Beef ? Got Ammonia ! Retention of fednitrogen in feedlotcattle is typically 13% Most fed nitrogen isexcreted in the urineas urea Up to 50% of fednitrogen can be lostas NH3
Back-of-the-EnvelopeInventory9 million head x0.205 kg N excreted /d x365 days.673,425 metric tons N/year 336,712 metric tons NH3Could be 10% oftotal U.S. inventory
Cattle FeedlotNH3 ReportingRequirementsEPCRA, good faith airemissions estimates onNH3 and H2S if over 100lbs/dayCattle feedlots over1000 head mustreport to stateMust estimate upperand lower limitsCould a manager could replace thesesimplified approaches with results from asite-specific online software tool
EPA Project Goals Measurement and modeling offeedlot NH3 losses to reduceuncertainty in emissions andthe inventory.Develop tools that will improvethe efficiency and accuracy ofNH3 reporting by feedlotmanagers.Identify points of intervention inthe feedlot system where NH3emissions might be reduced.
Project FrameworkLong-Term EmissionsMeasurements andMass Balance StudiesEmissions Data FromPrevious studies in TX(Cole, Todd)Input fromStakeholders(Regulators, CattleFeedlot Industry)Feedlot Emissionsand TransportModeling(Chemical ReactorAnalog)Emissions PredictionTool for FeedlotIndustryGreeley, CORequiredEmissions DatabaseReportingShort-Term EmissionsMeasurementsFort Morgan, COLamar, COScott City, KSSublette, KSField ComponentAmmonia InventoryBy County, State,Region, or U.S.ModelingEmissionsPrediction Tooland Inventory
Field Component: REA System
New Research: Continuous REAMeasurements of NH3 FluxesPicarro 1103 Ring-down CavityAnalyzer
Dn-Eddy InletUp-Eddy InletREA Air Samplingand AnalysisSystemControlSignal3-way ValveFilter on3-way erPumpZero AirGenerator
Time Constant, Picarro 1103
Next Steps with the REA SystemOptimize REA systemdesign with lab testsand simulations. Field deploy andcompare fluxes todenuder-based REA Begin continuous NH3emission measurementsin March 2011
Modeling the feedlotsystem as a seriesof tank reactors1. Maintains MassBalance2. Allows feedback withenvironment andmanagement3. Easily adapted forother compounds(GHGs)
Simulated NH3 Emissions ForNorthern Colorado FeedlotSimulated Potential Ammonia Emissions: Greeley, Colorado10.0SummerPotential Ammonia Emissions (g /m2/day)8.0Spring6.04.0FallWinter2.00.0-2.0Date, Fall 2006 to Summer 2007
Potential NH3 Feedlot EmissionsSimulated
Emissions from Intact Soil Cores
Diet Study – PreliminaryResultsReduced N diet: 42% reduction in total pensurface emissions compared to control diet
Next Steps: ModelingLab studies to developformula for the Henry’slaw and equilibriumconstants in feedlotmanure. Test submodels with soilcore system Compare results to REAflux data fromcommercial feedlots
BMPs For Ammonia Require an Integrated ApproachNitrogenFertilizerOther GrainMarketsNH3 VolatilzationLeachingRunoffGrain, Silage, eaderApplicatoinHarvestSprinklerIrrigationManure PilesCompostingFeedlotMill &Feed StorageFeedingPen CleaningCattle and PensCattle InCattle outLagoonsRunoffNH3 VolatilzationLeachingNH3 VolatilzationLeachingHam, 2008
Methane and Other GHGs
Great Plains Brian Lamb, Kristen Johnson, Shelley Pressley. Washington State University. . management 3. Easily adapted for other compounds (GHGs) . Towards a Verifiable Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Cattle Feedlots in the Great Plains Keywords: US EPA, Research, Extramural, Towards a Verifiable Ammonia Emissions Inventory for Cattle .
