WIXLIB

5G-MOBIXDeploying and trialing 5G for CAMCoen Bresser5G for CAM @ IoT Week Dublin, 21 June 2022This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 825496.

ABOUTEU funded Innovation action (H2020-ICT-18-2018)November 2018 – September 202259 partners from 11 countries in Europe (incl. Linked Third parties)9 non-EU funded partners from China and South KoreaAccelerate deployment of 5G at cross-border areasOBJECTIVESCarry out trials along X-border corridors to assess 5G capabilities for CAMQualify the 5G-infrastructure and evaluate the benefits of 5G within the CAM contextIdentify spectrum allocation gaps, contribute to standardisation and 5G CEF preparationTechnicalBusinessDefine deployment scenarios & recommendations including x-border contextPerform cost/benefit analysis and impact assessmentIdentify new business opportunities for 5G-enabled CAMInvestigate legal, regulatory and security issues

Who are we doing this for

Cross border trafficVehicles per day (all lanes, both directions):2023202542,665 43,522# of Vehicles50,00043,706 44,58540,00030,00020,00020,402 20,81210,0002,267 2,5120ES-PTGR-TR567DE-NL619FI-NOES-FRShuttle BusesShuttle BusesShuttle Buses TrucksShuttle Buses TrucksTrucksTrucks Shuttle Buses TrucksTransportVans 1,8% Transport VansTransport Vans4,1%Transport Vans ger VsPassenger VsPassenger VsPassenger VsPassenger VsSource: Detecon Analysis; ACEA : The German-Dutch corridor and the SpanishFrench corridor see the highest dailyvehicular road traffic The traffic along the Finnish-Norwegiancorridor is by far the lowest with less than700 vehicles per day Shuttle buses account for only a maximum of1% of the traffic. This is including long- andshort-distance public transportation buses 4 different vehicle types: Passenger vehicles, transport vans,(shuttle) buses and trucks We assume that the share of overall vehiclesin use is the same as on cross-borderhighways. Thus, trucks and transport vansmay be underrepresented.

And what is the L3 expectationFleet share of Level 3 * by country with country adj. (all vehicle types):202021% of CAVs15202220232024202520262027202820292030Germany Finland0,00% 0,48% 1,08% 1,90% 2,95% 4,23% 5,76% 7,53% 9,54% 11,81%Norway FranceNetherlands0,00% 0,53% 1,18% 2,08% 3,23% 4,64% 6,32% 8,26% 10,47% 00% 0,73% 1,65% 2,90% 4,51% 6,48% 8,81% 11,52% 14,60% 18,08%GreeceNetherlands0,00% 0,13% 0,28% 0,50% 0,78% 1,12% 1,52% 1,98% 2,51% 3,11%Norway0,00% 0,63% 1,42% 2,50% 3,88% 5,58% 7,59% 9,92% 12,58% 15,57%Portugal0,00% 0,28% 0,63% 1,11% 1,73% 2,49% 3,38% 4,42% 5,61% 6,94%Spain0,00% 0,36% 0,82% 1,44% 2,24% 3,22% 4,38% 5,72% 7,25% 8,98%Turkey0,00% 0,24% 0,53% 0,94% 1,46% 2,09% 2,84% 3,72% 4,71% 5,84%0,00% 0,63% 1,41% 2,48% 3,86% 5,54% 7,53% 9,85% 12,49% 030Source: Detecon Analysis; ACEA; OICA; McKinsey; DeloitteWithin this study, CAVs & CAM are defined as level 3-5 as per SAE definitions.5G for CAM Summit

The project

5G-MOBIX at a glanceLOCATIONS2 Cross-Border Corridors (CBC)4 complementary European Trial Sites (TS)2 complementary Asian Trial Sites (TS)5G NETWORK8 NSA 5G networks4 SA 5G networks29 gNBs deployed in totalVEHICLES & Roadside infrastructure21 SAE L3 & L4 automated vehicles32 5G enabled OBUs24 MEC/Edge nodes22 Road Side UnitsUSE CASES5 use case categories based on 3GPP TS 22.186,focusing on x-border operation24 Unique User nsorsRemoteDriving5G for CAM SummitVehicle QoSSupport

5G-MOBIX – Work areasVerification & Evaluation Results are already beingplaced in the deliverablesTrials have been completed, only final LocalBreakout trials are performed in the CBCsElaborate Verification Scheme toguarantee:Network readiness & targetedperformanceVehicle & RSI readinessProper Use Case functionalityCorrect integration amongcomponents5G for CAM Summit9

5G networksSiteTypeESNSAPTNSA (SA)GRNSATRNSACommercial/ Test ComponentsCommercial: Transport network, 1x 4G RAN (MOCN)Test: 1x Core, 5G RAN, MECCommercial: IP and Transport NetworkTest: 1x RAN, 1x Core, MECCommercial: IP and Transport NetworkTest: 1x RAN, 1x CoreCommercial: IP and Transport NetworkTest: 4x RAN, 1x Core# gNBsFreq. Bands800 MHz (LTE B20), 1800 MHz (LTE B3)2600 MHz (B7), 3.7 Hz (5G NR n78)Slicing31800 MHz (LTE B3), 3700 MHz (5G NR n78)No1LTE B7 (2600) 20MHz, NR n78F (3500-3600)No3 ( 1)LTE B7 (2600) 20MHz, NR n78G (3600-3700)NoNoYes4NoDENSA/SACommercial: 2x NSA Core 2x RAN, 1x MECTest: 1x SA Core 1x RAN, MEC2NSA: 2.1 GHz (5G NR n1) 800 MHz (LTE B20), 900 MHz (LTEB8), 1800 MHz (LTE B3)3.6 GHz (5G NR n78) 1800 MHz (LTE B3), 2600 MHz (B7)SA: 3.7 - 3.8 GHz (n78)FINSA/SACommercial: 2x NSA Core 2x RANTest: 2xRAN, 2xCore, MEC22600 MHz (B7), 3.5 GHz (n78)FRNSACommercial: 1x CoreTest: 3x RAN 2x Core, 2x MEC3NLSACommercial: 1x 4G RAN (MOCN), 1x 4G transmissionTest: 3x 5G RAN, 3x Core, 3x MEC6CNSAKRNSACommercial: 2x Core (China Mobile, China Unicom)Test: 2x RAN 2x MECTest33700 MHz (4G), 800 MHz (4G), 1800 MHz (4G)2100 MHz (3G/4G), 2600 MHz (4G)3500 MHz (5G), 3700-3800 MHz (n77), 26 GHz (n258)3.7 GHz (5G NR n78)27 GHz (5G NR n258), LTE: 800 MHz (LTE B20), 1800 MHz (LTEB3)3.5GHz(n78), 4.9 GHz(n79)2.6GHz(n41)22-23.6 GHz10 KPIs (e.g. user experienced data rate) are assessed for on each of the sites10NoYesYesNo

Deployed Advanced 5G technologiesoverviewTechnology (PC5(PC55G-V2X(PC5support) support)support)Yes,Yes, near Yes, MECMEC Deploy- Yes, NokiaYes, Far/Ericsson edge & far ServicementsolutionCloud Multi-SIMCrossCross- Multi-SIMMulti-SIMRoamingin NSA/SA,borderborder in NSA/SAin NSALab X(PC5(PC5support) support)Yes, MEC Yes, ChinaDiscovery MobileSSC i-SIMin NSA/SANoNoNoNo10 KPIs (e.g. user experienced data rate) are assessed for on each of the sites

Agnostic: Spectral efficiency at bothcell-center and cell-edgeCell centerCell edgeDL5G for CAM SummitUL

Agnostic: Roundtrip latency5G for CAM Summit

Getting the live CAM data

Execution of the trials

Trials quick viewEarly M28M29M30UCC M31Activity earMonthsJune2021M32Activity title21222324 25WeeksFull TrialsM33Full 39M40M41M42M43M4426 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52AsseRSUExtended sensorsEDMContribution to CBCDE contribution to ES-PTExtended sensorsEdge ProcessingLT (FI)Extended sensorsRemote DrivingRedundant NELT (FI)Remote DrivingLT (FI)Contribution to CBCFI Contribution to ES-PT (Edge discoveryservice)LT (FI)Contribution to CBCFI contribution to ES-PT (Multi PLMN/ MultiSIM)Contribution to CBCFI contribution to GR-TR (LEVIS)PlatooningLTLTLTExtended sensorsLTContribution to CBCContribution to CBCContribution to CBCAssInfrastructureContribution to CBCLTDemosAdvanced DrivingContribution to CBCContribution to CBCCCA (VTT)Advanced DrivingExtended sensorsCPM (TNO)ExtendedLT sensorsRemote Driving5GPositioning (TU/e KPN)EDMLTDemosContribution to CBCNL contribution to ES-PT (VTT TNO)AssInfrastructureFRLT (FR)contributioFRLT (FR) contributioContributionto CBCLT (fi)Remote DrivingAssCloudAdvanced DrivingPlatooningLTDataOwnership9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26LTLTLT LT LT LTLTORLTLT (FI)LT DLTDemosLT Final DeORORORORORFRENCH TRIAL SITELT (FR)LT (FR)LT(FR)LT(FR)Final DEMO 21/LTLT(FR)CL RLT (FR)LT (FR)CCA (VTT)LTCHINA TRIAL SITEPlatooning8LTDEcontributiocontributionto GR-TRLTRemote DrivingLT7ORLTNETHERLANDS TRIAL SITEAdvanced DrivingCloudAssisted6LTNETHERLANDS TRIAL SITEAdvanced Driving5contributionto ES-PTFIContribution to CBCT (GR-TRLT FR4Contributionto ES-PTFIContribution to CBCFR contribution to ES-PT (5G connectedcar)FR contribution to ES-PT (Multi PLMN/Multi-SIM)AsseRSUEdgeLT (FI)ProcessingRedundantNEFILT (FI)FRENCH TRIAL SITEAdvanced Driving3FINLAND TRIAL SITEFINLAND TRIAL SITELT (FI)2GERMAN TRIAL SITEGERMAN TRIAL SITEPlatooningLT (FI)1Remote DrivingKOREA TRIAL SITELTCPM (TNO) LT5GPositioning (TU/e NLLTLTLTLTLTLTLTCL LTCL RLTCL RLTDemos 5/04CHINA TRIAL SITEDemosLT LT LTDemosLT LT LTDemosLT LT LTKOREA TRIAL SITERemote DrivingmmWaveLT LT LTDrivingLT LT RemoteLTmmWaveDemosVehicle QoS SupportTetheringLT LT LTVehicleLT LTLT QoS SupportTetheringDemos

Trials impressions5G for CAM Summit

Creating the learnings

Cross-Border Issues (XBIs)& Considered Solutions (CSs)Cross-Border Issues (XBIs): identified set of technical challenges towards seamless cross-borderCAM functionality over 5G 11 XBIs addressed in 5G-MOBIXConsidered Solutions (CS): identified set of the most promising technical approaches to addressthe identified XBIs 27 CSs will be evaluated in 5G-MOBIXIssue/ChallengeConsidered SolutionConsidered Solution 1(Technology X, Feature Y)X-Border IssueConsidered Solution 2(Technology X, Feature Y)Considered Solution 3(Technology X, Feature Y)Investigated in CBC/TSRelevant US & Test CaseUS#3.1 – TC#5, TC#6US#4.2 – TC#11, TC#12US#2.1 – TC#8, TC#9

XBI IDXBI 0XBI 5Cat. TitleTXBI 1NSA RoamingTinterruptionXBI 2TXBI 3Inter-PLMNTinterconnection latencyXBI 4TXBI 6TXBI 7T&ABaselineLow coverage AreasSession & ServiceT&AContinuityData routingInsufficient Accuracy ofGPS PositioningXBI 8A Dynamic QoS ContinuityXBI 9Geo-ConstrainedA InformationDisseminationXBI 10TmmWave applicabilityXBI 11TNetwork slicingapplicabilityCS 3 - Release and redirect withS10 interface using an NSA networkxxxxSA Roaming interruptionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCS 26 - Network slicingCS 25 - mmWave 5GCS 24 - PC5 geobroacastCS 23 - Uu geobroadcastCS 22 - Predictive QoSCS 21 - Adaptive Video StreamingCS 20 - Compressed sensingpositioningCS 19 - HR SACS 18 - LBO SACS 17 - HR NSACS 16 - LBO NSACS 15 - Inter-server exchange ofdataCS 14 - Inter-MEC exchange of dataCS 13 - Double MQTT clientCS 12 - Inter-PLMN HO, AF makebefore-break, SACS 11 - Imminent HO detection &Proactive IP change alertCS 10 - MEC service discovery andmigration using enhanced DNSsupportCS 9 - Satellite connectivityCS 8 - Direct InterconnectionCS 7 - Internet-basedInterconnectionCS 6 - Release and redirect using anSA networkCS 5 - Multi-modem / multi-SIMconnectivity-Link AggregationCS 4 - Multi-modem / multi-SIMconnectivity - Passive ModeCS 2 - Release and redirect using anNSA networkxCS 1 - S1 handover with S10interface using an NSA networkCS 0 - Feature OFFXBI versus CSxxxxxxxxx

XBI and CS coverageNr of XBIs/CSs per siteNr of sites addressing XBIs5G for CAM Summit

To wider deployment

Cost expectationsMapping existing sitesSimulation @3500Simulation @7003500 MHz700 MHz#existingPlanning new sites @700#existingSimulation @700Planning new sites @3500BoQ700700 MHz#newSimulation @3500BoQ35003500 MHz#newCostingSource of sites: cellmaper.net, antenasgsm.com, data.anfr.fr, keraies.eett.gr, publications5G for CAM SummitCosting

Example Radio Planning GR-TR3500 MHz700 MHzBest signalBest signalGood signalGood signalPoor signal keraies.eett.gr, publicationsSource of sites: cellmaper.net,700MHz FDD radio coverage simulation: Existing New Sites3500MHz TDD radio coverage simulation: Existing New SitesRemarks:Remarks:Existing siteExisting siteNew site. GR: 4, TR: 4New site. GR: 9, TR: 95G for CAM SummitPoor signal

Costs expectations - key influencing factors700 MHzCosts in CAPEX totalScenario 20232,244,600annual 739,080157,800CAPEX totalannual OPEX3,753,7801,273,0401,184,4003500 MHzCosts in 600ES-FRCapacitysufficient?CAPEX totalCosts in Scenario 20252,186,400CAPEX totalCosts in annual OPEX5,479,100annual 8,000 t disclaimer: The cost results are estimates. We assume that these costs mayvary /- 20% within one country from operator to 00FI-NO352,600ES-FR