WIXLIB

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 119 – No.10, June 2015terminal unit is an embedded system having RFID reader,GPS and analog compass as input device to obtain locationand orientation. In navigation mode start robot reachesdestination by avoiding obstacles using ultrasonic and infraredsensor inputs [11]. Ramesh Gardi, Ankita Chavan, et al.proposed land vehicle application on android platform. A landvehicle tracking system combines the installation of anelectronic device in vehicle with purpose designed computersoftware at least at one operational base to enable the ownerto track vehicles location. The vehicle information can beviewed on electronic map via internet or specialized software[18]. Thomas Gerlich, James Biagioni, et al. proposed theautomatic transit tracking, mapping, and arrival timeprediction system based on Google map application which isinstalled on Smartphone. This level of automation is possiblethrough a set of algorithms that uses GPS traces collectedfrom transit vehicle to determine routes served, locate stopsand predict the arrival time at upcoming stops [14].Almomani, I. M. Alkhalil, N. Y. proposed system which isuseful for operators to monitor driving behavior employees.The tracking system includes acquiring the location & groundspeed of vehicle in the current movement. This systemreceives SMS alert when as vehicle exceeds the pre definedlimits by using global system for mobile communication [15].The real time query system for public transport service usingZigbee and RFID is more competent and suitable forpassengers demand and give data such as bus location, busnumber and number of persons inside the bus in real time.This system is an efficient and low cost method for intelligenttransport system [27]. The public transport network is difficultto use when the user is unfamiliar with the area they aretravelling. In such situation, on trip navigation informationcan substantially ease of use of public transportation. Locationbased services are increasingly important for modern mobiledevices such as a Smartphone. The realized system tracksprediction targets equipped with GPS enabled devices [37].4. VEHICLE TRACKING,MONITORING AND ALERTINGNumerous approaches to vehicle tracking, monitoring andalerting system has been proposed so far. Ankit Kesharwasni,Vaishali Sadaphalt proposed system to overcome problem ofpublic transportation. Wireless sensor network used formonitoring of bus transportation system and record of arrivaltime of buses at bus stops. The system is detecting the delayand arrival time of bus at bus stops [3]. Kunal Maurya,Mandip Singh and Neelu Jain proposed an anti theft trackingsystem. Vehicle tracking system is real time system which isworking on the GPS and GSM technology which provide thelocation of vehicle to the vehicle owner in the case of vehicleis stolen. It can also be used in wildlife tracking, assettracking and in stolen vehicle recovery [4]. Xing Jianping,Zhang Jun, et al. proposed GPS real time vehicle alarmmonitoring and alerting system used GPRS and CSD on theembedded system. Compared with the conventional singlemode of GPRS, this method makes up the disadvantage of thehigh time delay and the incertitude of the time delay in datatransmission [5]. Transportation is a very important sharedresource that enabling efficient and effective use of resourceslike GSM modem and GPS unit that can be installed on avehicle and used to track its location. This system is locatedon the bus and GSM modem communicates via SMS with aserver connected to a basic GSM phone [7].Y. Kakuda proposed technology for children tracking systemto prevent crimes against children and beneficial to parents.The technology is based on mobile ad hoc network. Thesystem is helpful to parent to know the safety level and to andfrom information of students on school route [9]. Farooq, U.M. Amar, M.U. et al. proposed GPS-GSM integrated publictransportation management systems consist of four modulessuch as bus station, in bus, base station and bus stop module.The developed system is useful for facilitatingpeople using publictransportationservices[12].Communication between the system and children will besolved by children having tag that transmit information to thebus unit making it possible for system and driver to know thechild is on the way to the bus. This system is useful forhandling safe route planning school bus position tracking andmonitoring [13].R. Anil kumar, G, Jyothirmai and K. Rameshbabu ProposedVehicle positioning System Based on ARM with combinationof GPS and GSM can upload the information of the vehiclesuch as the position and speed to the Monitoring center intime and make it convenient to control the traffic. The vehicleposition system has advantage of small size, scalable, reliableand powerful expansibility [16]. Intelligent system is able toact according to its situation without having to be instructedby humans. It consists of data processor like artificial neuralnetwork, which is usually used as data trainer. The busmonitoring and management system provide the exactlocation of the bus and predict the arrival time on the basis ofroute and traffic [17]. V. Venkatakrishnan and R.Seethalakshmi develop Public transport ticketing andmonitoring system consists of GPS, GSM, RFID and Zigbeefor the users. The use of GSM and GPS technologies allowsthe system to track vehicle and provides up to dateinformation about ongoing trips. The Zigbee module isinterfaced with microcontroller which is used to send the businformation to bus stops and to get information to bus stops.The bus module operates the RFID for ticketing purposes andIR sensor for counting the number of entering and exitingpassengers [20]. Prafull Patinge and N.R. Kolhare proposedsmart on board public information system, having fix GPS,GSM/GPRS and microcontroller module on bus. This systemalert passenger about the present and next station oncomparison with GPS coordinates and already stored GPScoordinates of respective location on LCD display in bus andalso announcement using speaker [21]. Abid Khan and RaviMishra proposed the system consists of single boardembedded system having GPS and GSM modems with ARMprocessor is installed in the vehicle to track vehicle. Thissystem has many advantages such as large capability, lowoperation cost, strong expansibility [22].M. A. Hannan, A. M. Mustapha, et al. proposed intelligentbus system develop for campus bus identification monitoringand management system using RFID and sensing technologieslike GPS, GPRS and GIS. The ability of this system is that itreduces manpower required at monitoring center. Bus driverswill also be more punctual to the bus schedules that have beenestablished [23]. J. Saranya and J. Selvakumar proposed thesystem which is focus on implementing children trackingsystem on android terminal for every child attending in theschool. The system includes tracking the child’s movement toand from school and information is send to parents andcontrol room. The system consist of voice recognizing sensorwhich senses the cry of children in the school bus and sendinformation to their parents approximately by using databasestored in the system [24]. Swati Chandurkar, Sneha Mugade,et al. proposed real time bus monitoring and passengerinformation system. The system gives current location ofbuses and estimates their arrival time at different stops in theirrespective routes. The system uses link updater locates the bus40

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 119 – No.10, June 2015position along the current route of the bus. The estimated timeof arrive is updated to control unit and distributes thisinformation to passengers using display board at bus stops[25]. Madhu Kumar, K. Rajashekhar, et al. proposed, Designof punctuality enhanced bus transportation system using GSMand zigbee. In this way service quality of operationalefficiency is improved and passenger is also able to get theinformation about the respective bus [28].Hoang Dat Pham, M. Drieberg, et al. proposed vehicletracking system demonstrates the feasibility of real timetracking of vehicle and improved customizability and globaloperability. The system will provide users with the capabilityto track vehicle remotely through the mobile network [29].The tracking system can inform the location and routetravelled by vehicle and that information can be observedfrom any other remote location. The system also includes theweb application that provides exact location of target. Thissystem enables to track target in any weather conditions [30].R. Maruthi and C. Jayakumari proposed SMS based bustracking system using open source technologies. The systemmanage and control the transport using a tracking device toknown the scheduled vehicle and current location of vehiclevia SMS using GPS tracking device. An alert can also besending to notify the updated location to the users throughSMS [31].V. Yamuna, G. Rupavani, et al. proposed GNSS based busmonitoring system. The main objective of this system is toreduce the waiting time of passenger in bus stop by sendinginformation about the location of buses to the passengerthrough SMS. Fig.1 shows block diagram of GNSS based busmonitoring system. GNSS based web application is developedwhich provide which provide real time location of bus onGoogle Maps along with speed [32]. Hemin Jose andLekshmy Harikrishnan proposed vehicular system providesinformation regarding the vehicle such a velocity and positionthrough GPS module and identifying of vehicle to monitoringstation and mobile according to definite event stored in aprogram from monitoring station. This system is also can beinterfaced with Vehicle airbag system such that when thesensors detect the accident, the air bags get opened [33]. Thereal time bus monitoring and passenger information bustracking device is standalone system is designed to display thereal time location of buses in metropolitan city. The system isenable the tracking device to obtain GPS data of bus locationand then it is transferred to centralized control unit by usingGSM and then transmitted to bus stop and displayed on digitaldisplay on bus stops [34].R. Manikandan and S.Niranjani implement real time publictransportation information using GSM query response system.The system is capable of a tracking large number of busessimultaneously, detect their service routes and predict arrivaltime to down station with an acceptable accuracy. Themicrocontroller acquires data from the GPS module and sendsto the control point by using the GSM module [35].Gangadhar, M. Madhu, M. S. et al. proposed system providesinformation of vehicle like position, speed through GPSreceiver and temperature to a monitoring system. It alsoprovides security to vehicle by locking engine from remotelocation using GSM. It also provides security to personalvehicles like car by locking the vehicle engine from remotelocation using GSM in case of theft. The vehicle can beidentified and stopped at anywhere [36]. G. Raja, G. V.Karthik, et al. proposed bus position monitoring system tofacilitate the passenger. The wireless communicationtechnologies like GSM & GPS are used to send theinformation about number of seats available in the bus to busstation and current location of bus on the route respectively.Real time passenger information system uses variety oftechnologies to track the location of bus in real time andgenerate the prediction of bus arrival at stops along the routes[38].5. REVIEW ANALYSISAfter studying various methods adopted by various authors itis observed that numerous methods are used for vehicletracking, monitoring and alerting system. The existingsystems are used for tracking, monitoring and alerting ofvehicle for car, truck, cargo, bus, and bike.The car and bike needed the system to know the real timelocation of car / bike to owner for safety purpose and to avoidtheft of vehicle and alert the owner. The cargo uses real timetracking and monitoring system. For bus, it is used for realtime tracking of bus, monitor passenger in to the bus, predictarrival time and send information to the base station. Thepublic transportation uses tracking and monitoring of the busfor arrival time prediction of bus on the respective stops.Fig.1: Block Diagram of GNSS based Bus MonitoringSystemThe existing system used different technology and method asper application. The study comparison between existingsystems is given in Table 1. The table shows the comparisonof existing on the basis of parameter used in the system. Itgive the total review of the existing system used for vehicletracking, monitoring and alerting system.41

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 119 – No.10, June 2015Table 1: Study and comparison between existing systemsExistingsystemPlatform em usingWirelessSensorNetwork [3],[28]PC basedsystem. WSNare used tomonitor thesystemLocationanalysis,sendinginformationto serverThesystem iscomplex.Childrentrackingsystem [9],[24]GPS, Mobile adhoc network, PCbased systemChildrentrackingand dataanalysisThesystem iseasilyupgrade.Publictransportmanagementservices [12],[20]Microcontrollerand PC Intelligent busmonitoring &managementsystem [17],[39]RFID, GPS,GSM, PC gUserfriendlyOn boardpublicinformationsystem usingGPS & GSMfor publictransport [21],GPS,GSM/GPRS, PCbased system.GPStracking,controlusing mapandsendingalert SMS.UserfriendlyGPS-GSMbased trackingsystem withGoogle mapbasedmonitoring[22], [30]GPS, GSM andmicrocontrollerbased system.GPStracking,monitoringusingGooglemap andalertingThesystem isuserfriendly.GNSS basedbusmonitoring &sending SMSto passenger[26], [32]PC basedsystem.RFIDmonitoring,locationtrackingand alertingThesystem iseasy toupgrade.Vehicletracking andmonitoring[36]System is basedon ARM7microcontroller.Tracking,temperaturesensing andalertingThesystem isuserfriendly.In bus transportation system, WSN improves transportationsystem performance but problem is short range oftransmission of information. Zigbee have short range of datatransmission [28]. In children tracking system, the systemhave limited functioning, size of student module is big andlimited use only [24]. Public transport management system,the circuitry is complex and costly [12]. The processor ofsystem is unreliable with slow speed processing speed andZigbee have short range of data transmission [20]. Thealgorithm of system is complex and it may be improve forbetter performance of system [21]. The system uses trackingon the basis of Google map. It is effective but system hascomplexity for Google map [22], [30]. The system onlymonitors the bus but not predict arrival time of time of busrespective stops.From study and observation we can say that the algorithm,technology of existing system can be improved for betterperformance and overcome the problem of existing system.The algorithm of GPS tracking can be modified and reduced.The database management system can be improved by latesttechnology of database management. Monitoring accuracyand efficiency of reader can be increases with high operatingfrequency and extending the range of reader. The datatransmission rate of system can be improved. The processorimproves the processing speed of the system. By using theGPS, GSM/GPRS, RFID reader and ARM 11 processordevelop better system for vehicle tracking, monitoring andalerting system as compared to existing system. The system iscost effective and user friendly.6. CONCLUSIONIn this paper, we have reviewed a various existing techniquesof vehicle tracking, monitoring and alerting system. We havestudied various technologies, algorithms and methods fortracking, monitoring and alerting system. Every system has itsown importance; different authors have tried differentmethods based on applications. Still there is scope to optimizedifferent methodologies and algorithm to make system moreusers friendly and wide application areas. For futureenhancement, we may develop a vehicle tracking, monitoringand alerting system using combination of RFID system, GPS,GSM/GPRS with high speed processor. The system will havelatest technology and optimized algorithm with moderate cost.The system may focus on accurate arrival time prediction andreal time position of vehicle. The system can be installed incargo, trucks, buses, cars and boats.7. REFERENCES[1] Benjamin Coifman, David Beymer, Philip McLauchlan,Jitendra Malik, “A real-time computer vision system forvehicle tracking and traffic surveillance,” Transportationresearch part C6, 1998.[2] Akande Noah Oluwatobi, “A GPS based automaticvehicle location system for bus transit,” 1999.[3] Ankit Kesharwani, Vaishali Sadaphal, Maitreya Natu,“Empowering bus transportation system using wirelesssensor networks,” 2000.[4] Kunal Maurya, Mandeep Singh, Neelu Jain, “Real timetracking system using GSM and GPS technology – ananti theft tacking system,” International Journal ofElectronics and Computer Science Engineering, volume1, number 3, 2006.42

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 119 – No.10, June 2015[5] Xing Jianping, Zhang jun, Cheng Hebin, Li Changging,Shi xiaohui, “GPS real time vehicle alarm monitoringsystem base on GPRS and CSD using the communications, 2006.[18] Ramesh Chandra Gadri, Ankita Chavan, ReemaSonawane, “Land vehicle tracking application on androidplatform,” International Journal of Engineering Researchand Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: 1978-1982, MayJun 2012.[6] Dihua Sun, Hong Luo, Liping Fu, Weining Liu, “Predicting bus arrival time on the basis of GlobalPositioning System data,” Transportation ResearchBoard of the National Academies, Washington,D.C.,2007, pp:67-72, 2007.[19] Dr. Saylee Gharge, Manal Chhaya, Gaurav Chheda,Jitesh Deshpande, “Real time bus monitoring systemusing GPS,” An International Journal of EngineeringScience and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 3, June 2012.[7] R. E. Anderson, A. Poon, C. Lustig, W. Brunette, G.Borriello, “Building a transportation system using onlyGPS and SMS infrastructure,” International Conferenceon Information and Communication Technologies andDevelopment (ICTD), pp: 233-242, 2009.[8] Muhammad Rauf, Ahmed N. Abdalla, Nik M. Kamal,Azher Fakhruddin, “Design of intelligent GPS systemnavigation for bus monitoring and station reporting,”National Conference on Postgraduate Research (NCONPGR), 2009.[9] Y. Kakuda, T. Ohta, S. Inoue, F. Kohno, Y. Akiyama“Performance improvement of Hiroshima city trackingsystem by correction of wrong registration on schoolroutes,” International Symposium on Autonomous System,pp: 261-266, March 2009.[10] Ben Ammar Haten, Haman Habib, “Bus managementsystem using RFID in WSN,” European andMediterranean Conference on Information System, 2010.[11] Kumar Yelamarthi, Daniel Haas, “RFID and GPSintegrated navigation system for the visually impaired,”2010.[12] Farooq, U. M. Amar, M. U. Asad, A. Iqbal, “GPSGSM integration for enhancing public transportationmanagement services,” 2010 International Conference onComputer Engineering and Applications, Volume 2, pp:142-147, March 2010.[13] A. Viklind, “Experience from an application for safetransport to and from school: a step towardSAFEWAY2SCHOOL,” International Conference onTelecommunications, 2011.[14] James Biagioni, Tomas Gerlich, Timothy Merrified,Jakob Eriksson, “Easy tracker: automatic transit tracking,mapping and arrival time prediction using smartphone,”Journal of the Transportation Research Board of theNational Academies, 2011.[15] Almomani, I. M. Alkhalil, N. Y. Ahmad, E. M. Jodeh, R.M. “Ubiquitous GPS vehicle tracking managementsystem,” IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied ElectricalEngineering and Computing Technologies, pp: 1-6,December 2011.[16] R. Anil Kumar, G. Jyothimai, K. Rameshbabu, “Designand development of ARM based embedded intelligentpublic transport vehicle position system,” InternationalJournal of Internet Computing, Vol-1, Issue 3, 2012.[17] Mahammad Abdul Hannan, Aishah Mustapha, AiniHussain, “RFID and communication technologies for anintelligent bus monitoring and management system,”Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and ComputerScience, pp: 106-120, 2012.[20] V. Venkatakrishnan, R. Seethalakshmi, “Public transportticketing and monitoring system,” Journal of Theoreticaland Applied Information Technology, Vol. 38, No.1,April 2012.[21] Prafill D. Patinge, N. R. Kolhare, “Smart onboard publicinformation system using GPS and GSM integration forpublic transport,” International Journal of AdvancedResearch in Computer and Communication Engineering,Vol. 1, Issue V, July 2012.[22] Abid Khan, Ravi Mishra, “GPS-GSM based trackingsystem,” International Journal of Engineering Trends andTechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: 161-164, 2012.[23] M. A. Hannan, A. M. Mustapha, A. Hussain, H. Basri, “Intelligent bus monitoring and management system,”Proceeding of the World Congress on Engineering andComputer Science, Vol. II, October 24-26, 2012.[24] J. Saranya, J. Selvakumar, “Implementation of childrentracking system on android mobile terminals,”International Conference on Communication and SignalProcessing, April 3-5, 2013.[25] Swati Chandurkar, Sneha Mugade, Sanjana Sinha, PoojaBorkar, “Implementation of real time bus monitoring andpassenger information system,” International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications, Vol. 3, Issue 5,May 2013.[26] G. Lavanya, Preethy, W. Shameem, A. Sushmitha, R.“Passenger bus alert system for easy navigation ofblind,” International Conference on Circuits, Power andComputing Technologies [ICCPCT-2013], 2013.[27] S. P. Manikandan, P. Balakrishnan, “An Efficient realtime query system for public transportation service usingZigbee and RFID,” International Journal of Research inCommunication Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2012.[28] Madhu Manikya Kumar, K. Rajesekhar, K. Pavani,“Design of punctually enhanced bus transportationsystem using GSM and Zigbee,” International Journal ofResearch in Computer and Communication Technology,Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2013.[29] Hoang Dat Pham, M. Drieberg, Chi Cuong Nquyen,“Development of vehicle tracking system using GPS andGSM modem,” IEEE Conference on Open System, pp:89-94, 2013.[30] Pankaj Verma, J. S. Bhatia, “Design and development ofGPS-GSM based tracking system with Google mapbased monitoring,” International Journal of ComputerScience, Engineering and Applications, Vol. 3, No.3,June 2013.[31] R. Maruthi, C. Jayakumari, “SMS based bus trackingsystem using open source technologies,” International43

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 119 – No.10, June 2015Journal of Computer Application, Volume 86, No 9,January 2014.response system,” Contemporary Engineering Sciences,Vol. 7, No.11, pp: 509-514, 2014.[32] N. Vijayalashmy, V. Yamuna, G. Rupavani, A.Kannaki@VasanthaAzhagu,“GNSSbasedbusmonitoring and sending SMS to the passengers,”International Journal of Innovative Research inComputer and Application Engineering, Vol. 2, SpecialIssue 1, March 2014.[36] Gangadhar, M. Madhu, M. S. Pushpalata, S. “Vehicletracking and monitoring by ARM 7,” SSRG InternationalJournal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(SSRG-IJEEE), Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2014.[33] Hemin Jose, Lekshmy Harikrishnan, “A Review onvehicular monitoring and tracking,” IOSR Journal ofElectronics and Communication Engineering (IOSRJESE), Volume 9, Issue 3, Ver. 1, pp: 20-23, (May-Jun)2014.[34] Janarthanan, B. Santhanakrishnan, T. “Real timemetropolitan bus position in system design using GPSand GSM,” International Conference on GreenComputing Communication and Electrical Engineering(ICGCCEE), pp: 1-4, 2014.[35] R. Manikandan, S. Niranjani, “Implementation on realtime transportation information using GSM queryIJCATM : www.ijcaonline.org[37] Pradip Suresh Mane, Vaishali Khairnar, “Analysis of bustracking system using GPS on smart phones,” IOSRJournal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), Volume16, Issue 2, Ver.XII, pp: 80-82, 2014.[38] G. Raja, D. NaveenKumar, G. Dhanateja, G. V. Karthik,Y. Vijay Kumar, “Bus Position monitoring system tofacilitate the passengers,” International Journal ofEngineeringScienceandAdvancedTechnology(IJESAT), Volume-3, Issue-3,

location of vehicle to the vehicle owner in the case of vehicle is stolen. It can also be used in wildlife tracking, asset tracking and in stolen vehicle recovery [4]. Xing Jianping, Zhang Jun, et al. proposed GPS real time vehicle alarm monitoring and alerting system used GPRS and CSD on the embedded system.