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2020 IoT Developer SurveyKey FindingsOctober 2020

Executive Summary In 2020, Agriculture has emerged as the leading industry focus area for 26% ofrespondents Security (39%), Connectivity (27%) and Data Collection & Analytics (26%) arestill the top three concerns for IoT developers in 2020 Artificial Intelligence (30%) was the most frequently selected edge computingworkload Privacy is a growing concern selected by 23% of respondents, as awareness ofthe issues increases among organizations and consumers alike

Executive Summary (Continued) Communication Security (43%) and Data Encryption at rest (41%) are the mostwidely used techniques for securing IoT solutions again this year Distributed Ledgers have gained momentum as a way to secure IoT solutions Java is the most widely used programming language at the Edge (20%) and inthe Cloud (24%) In 2020, the IoT Middleware market is dominated by AWS IoT (35%), MicrosoftAzure IoT (31%), and Google Cloud IoT Platform (30%) Amazon AWS with 40% ( 6% in 2020), Microsoft Azure with 31% ( 8% in 2020),and Google Cloud Platform with 26% ( 6% in 2020) keep dominating the publicIoT and Cloud Platforms in 2020

IntroductionThe objective of the survey is to provide essential insightsabout the IoT industry landscape, the challenges IoTdevelopers are facing, and the opportunities for enterpriseIoT stakeholders in the IoT open source ecosystem. For thefirst time, the survey probes respondents about their use ofedge computing, which will help influence the roadmap of theEclipse Edge Native Working Group. From May 28 until July10, 1652 individuals participated in the 2020 edition of thesurvey.The survey was heavily promoted on social media, oniot.eclipse.org, edgenative.eclipse.org, sparkplug.eclipse.org,on various IoT (developer) websites, in newsletters, blogs,LinkedIn groups, and it was shared with members of theEclipse IoT, Edge Native, Sparkplug, and Tangle EE WorkingGroups, as well as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)influencers.

Survey PartnersThank you for sharing the survey with your communities!

KEY FINDING1.1Key Industry Focus Areas26%21%Agriculture24%19% 21%21%21%21% 21%18%Industrial Automation2019EducationAutomotive2020Smart Cities

KEY FINDING1.2Smart Agriculture is growing Agriculture leaps into first place (from 21% in 2019 to 26% in 2020) for industry focusareas. The growth of smart farming reflects the rise in adoption of IoT-based solutions toincrease yields, lower costs, reduce waste, among other driving factors. Industrial Automation, Education, Automotive, Connected / Smart cities are tied at #2 (21%each). There is less interest in home automation (from 22% in 2019 to 19% in 2020). Consumersmay have been burned by providers who abruptly discontinued their products and services(or suddenly started charging for them when previously free).

KEY FINDING2Top Operating System LandscapeIt’s a Linux and FreeRTOS World Linux (43%), FreeRTOS (35%) andWindows (31%) are the top OSes forconstrained devices and edge nodes Windows usage grows from 20% in2019 to 31% in 2020 - probably drivenby Azure IoT Surge by Zephyr (from 3% in 2019 to8% in 2020)43%Linux35%31%8%FreeRTOSWindowsZephyr

KEY FINDING3Top Edge Computing WorkloadsArtificial Intelligence30%Control Logic29%Data Exchange27%Sensor Fusion27%Artificial Intelligence (30%) was the most frequently selected edgecomputing workload in the survey. Control Logic (29%), Dataexchange between multiple nodes (27%) and Sensor fusion (Dataaggregation and filtering) (27%) followed.

KEY FINDING4Top Edge Computing Artifacts for IoT Solutions 202036%Container Images33%30%Native BinaryScript FilesContainer images (36%), nativebinary (33%), and script files(30%) are the leading edgecomputing artifacts for IoTsolutions in 2020. The highpercentage for native binary is anindication that they own the edge.

KEY FINDING5Top Ways for Deploying Artifacts of IoT and EdgeComputing Solutions 2020Cloud-managed overthe air updates48%Locally-managedover the air updates42%Network Cable38%Cloud-managed over the air updates (48%), locally-managed over the airupdates (42%), and network cable (38%) are ranked top ways for deployingartifacts for IoT and edge computing solutions.

KEY FINDING6IoT is Synonymous with Open Source65%65% of respondents eitherexperiment with, use orcontribute to open sourceprojects.

KEY FINDING7.1The Top Concerns for IoT ta Collection& Analytics201924%21%Performance202019%23%Privacy

KEY FINDING7.2 Security (39%), Connectivity (27%) and Data Collection & analytics (26%) are still thetop three in 2020 Significant increase for connectivity means that figuring out the right connectivitysolution for the use case is tricky The growing interest of IoT Developers in Data Collection & Analytics can be linked tothe rise of privacy. Although analytics tools are mature, it is difficult to determine howto collect and manage data in accordance with regulations while protecting thecustomer privacy. Operational technology specialists fear that sending raw telemetrystreams outside of the corporate firewall could compromise industrial secrets Performance as #4 (24%) shows that the market is getting past PoCs and initialdeployments and focusing on optimizing production systems for user experience andto deliver business value, among other reasons Privacy as #5 is on the rise (from 18.75% in 2019 to 23% in 2020) as awareness of theissues grows among organizations and consumers alike

KEY FINDING8.1Programming Languages: The Usual Suspects Strike Again C, C , Java, Python and JavaScript dominate the IoTspace, as they dominate the rest of the IT market.C (20%) is number onefor constrained devices.Java (20%) is number one at theEdge and in the Cloud (24%).

KEY FINDING8.2Programming Languages: Top 4 by TierIoT Constrained DeviceIoT Gateway/Edge NodeIoT Cloud1. C - 20%1. Java- 20%1. Java - 24%2. Java - 19%2. Python - 17%2. Python - 17%3. C - 15%3. C - 13%3. Javascript - 16%4. Python - 10%4. C - 12%4. C - 8%

KEY FINDING9Top Communication Protocols in 202051%HTTP/HTTPS41%33%MQTTTCP/IP7%Sparkplug Are dominated by HTTP/HTTPS(51%), MQTT (41%), and TCP/IP(33%) Eclipse Sparkplug has significanttraction (7%).

KEY FINDING10Top Connectivity Protocols in 2020WiFi44%Ethernet39%Cellular(LTE, 4G, 5G, etc)37%Bluetooth/BluetoothSmart37%Top Connectivity Protocols in 2020 are WiFi (44%), Ethernet (39%),Cellular (LTE, 4G, 5G, etc) and Bluetooth/Bluetooth Smart withequally 37%.

KEY FINDING11Top Security Technologies43%38%38% Communication Security (43%, 5% in2020) and Data Encryption at rest (41%, 3% in 2020) are the most widely usedtechniques again this year. JWT tokens are popular forauthentication (30%, 4% in 2020). Theyare easier to deploy in integrationscenarios while OAuth is more targetedat human-centric scenarios. Distributed Ledgers grew to 22% in2020 (as opposed to 14% in 2019). Thisdemonstrates the relevance of theEclipse TangleEE Working Group to themarket.41%30%26%22%14%CommunicationSecurityData Encryptionat rest2019JWTtokens2020DistributedLedgers

KEY FINDING12Development Tools: Rise of the Cloud-based IDEsTop IDEs or text editors Eclipse DesktopIDE (eg. Eclipse JDT, Eclipse CDT) - 38%,Visual Studio Code (35%), and Notepad are still dominant in 2020.38%35%15%9%Eclipse DesktopIDEVisual StudioCodeEclipse CheEclipse TheiaEclipse Cloud Development tools havegreat momentum! Eclipse Che growssignificantly ( 6% in 2020) while EclipseTheia reaches 9%.

KEY FINDING13Open Source Databases Rule ment ofMySQL MySQL/MariaDB (31%), MongoDB(22%), and PostgreSQL (21%) areprevailing as top DatabaseTechnologies in 2020 The deployment of MySQL hasdecreased from 2019 (40%) with 9% Only 4% of respondents stated theyrely on a proprietary database

KEY FINDING14IoT Middleware: The Race is Still Young35%AWS IoT31%30%MicrosoftAzure IoTGoogle CloudIoT Platform In 2020, the top IoT Middleware are dominatedby AWS IoT (35%), Microsoft Azure IoT (31%),and Google Cloud IoT Platform (30%) The market is much more competitive than inpublic cloud platforms, with the leaders packedwithin 5% of each other. The diversity in responses shows this specificmarket segment is still young and competitive.

KEY FINDING15Public Cloud and IoT: The Big Three Cement their LeadAWSAzureGoogle Cloud Platform40%31%26%Amazon AWS with 40%( 6% in 2020), MicrosoftAzure with 31% ( 8% in2020), and Google CloudPlatform with 26% ( 6% in2020) keep dominating thepublic IoT and CloudPlatforms in 2020.

KEY FINDING16Top Organizations Relevant for IoT StrategiesApache SoftwareFoundationEclipse IoTLinux FoundationIEEE49%49%41%51%Apache Software Foundation (51%), Eclipse IoT/Eclipse Foundation (49%), LinuxFoundation (49%), and IEEE (41%) are the top organizations developers consider relevantfor IoT strategies.

Demographics

RegionsWhat region are you located in?North America20%46%Europe,Middle East& AfricaAsia Pacific6%South America29%

RolesWhat best describes your veTestingIndependentConsultant

ExperienceHow much experience do you have developing IoT solutions?17%17%45%0-2 years2-5 yearsNo developerexperience11%5-10 years10 %10 yearsIoT is attracting new developerinterest - 45% of our surveyrespondents have 0-2 years ofIoT experience. This means thereare a lot of newcomers in thedomain. Over 20% of respondentshave 5 years of experience or more,which reflects the continuingmaturation and growth of the IoTmarket.

EmployeesHow large is the organization you work for?12%50%Less than 0010,000

Project ParticipationWhich of the following statements best describe your open source project participation?Report bugs and feature enhancements to opensource projects that provide IoT technologyUse integrated IoT open sourceprojects in a testbed environmentHave experimented with IoT open sourcetechnologies, but don’t use it in IoT solutionsTheir organization uses open sourcetechnology in their IoT solutionsHave no experience with IoTopen source projectsCommitters on an open source projectthat builds technology for IoT solutions15%17%20%25%34%37%

Thank you!To receive exclusive access to detailed industry research findings,join the Eclipse IoT Working Group.Learn more:iot.eclipse.orgedgenative.eclipse.orgConnect with us@EclipseIoT@EdgeNativeWG

about the IoT industry landscape, the challenges IoT developers are facing, and the opportunities for enterprise IoT stakeholders in the IoT open source ecosystem. For the first time, the survey probes respondents about their use of edge computing, which will help influence the roadmap of the Eclipse Edge Native Working Group.