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Weatherization And Intergovernmental Programs OfficeBenchmarking Energy Data AnalysisSeptember 27, 20161Crystal McDonaldShankar Earni

Technical Assistance to State and Local ncenteror Email Us:2stateandlocal@ee.doe.gov

State and Local Resources for a Clean Energy FutureWhat you will find: Targeted opportunities for impact inyour jurisdiction Key resources from each of the fouraction areas Information on initiatives andresources in renewable power,sustainable transportation, andenergy-saving homes, buildings, andmanufacturing from across EERE3

Outline Benchmarking - Introduction, Benefits and Process Data Analysis - Motivation Benchmarking Data Analysis– Building Portfolio Analysis GSF Analysis Building Type Distribution– Building Portfolio Energy Analysis Energy Star Energy Use Intensity– Building Level Analysis Monthly Data High Frequency Data 4Summary

Course ObjectivesIntended AudienceCities, communities, and states that have implemented or areconsidering implementing an internal or community-widebenchmarking and/or disclosure program or policy and arepreparing their building energy data for analysis.Learning Objectives:Training modules are intended to help public sectororganizations: Analyze benchmarking data to identify facilities that areunderperforming Help create a targeted approach to improve their energyperformance5

Introduction to Benchmarking Benchmarking compares the measured performance of afacility to itself, its peers, or established norms Benchmarking provides an empirical foundation for anorganization's energy management strategy Benchmarking helps manage buildings effectively. You can'tmanage what you don't measure Benchmarking facilitates energy accounting. It assists inidentifying opportunities for improvement. It can also helpquantify/verify energy savings.6

Benefits of Benchmarking 7Manage energy use proactivelyAssess and compare building’s energy performanceIdentify billing errors and other anomaliesVerify pre- and post-project energy use, greenhouse gasemissions, and energy costsAssess effectiveness of current operations, policies, andpracticesAssist in planning: set goals, targets, and timelinesCommunicate results in meaningful termsParticipate in energy challenges or benchmarking programs

Building Benchmarking Process1. Developing aBenchmarking Plan2. Benchmarking ToolsGetting StartedData Collection, Tracking3. Outreach4. Data Collection5. QualityAssurance/ControlData Cleansing & Analysis6. Analyzing &Interpreting Results7. CommunicatingResultsSource: nchmarking8

Benchmarking DataENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Data FieldsCollectsReportsProperty Information Primary function Location VintageAbsolute Performance Total energy (kBtu) Site and source EUI (kBtu/ft2/year) Total GHG emissions(MtCO2e/year)Property Type Data Gross floor area Property use details (e.g., numberof computers, number ofoccupants, operating hours)Energy Consumption Data Energy data for all fuel usage9Comparative Performance National median site and sourceEUI % difference from national mediansource EUI ENERGY STAR score

Data Cleansing Summary Data sets are dirty until scrubbed clean– Accurate data will strengthen confidence in final results Promote the use of standardized data dictionary to reduce theeffort related to mapping Identify missing or suspicious values– If individual data fields seem suspect it may not be necessary to throwout the whole building record– Very similar energy uses for different building types in differentlocations can be an indication of default values Use typical ranges to identify data anomalies– Data cleansing may require learning about building performancecharacteristics to make judgments on reasonable values– Identify maximum and minimum gross floor areas for each of thebuilding types from various other sources– Ranges of EUI can be obtained from public sources (CBECS, BPD)10

Data Analysis-Drivers What type of buildings consume a big portion of the energy? What specific buildings have a higher energy use intensitycompared to their peers? How many of my buildings are improving their energyperformance year over year? How do I identify buildings that have performance issues thatneed attention? How do I identify energy conservation measures for lowperforming buildings? What data is needed to help with thisprocess?11

Data Analysis ProcessBuildingPortfolioAnalysis Building TypeDistribution Gross SquareFootage12BuildingPortfolioEnergy Analysis Energy StarScore Energy UseIntensityBuilding LevelAnalysis Monthly Data High FrequencyData

Data Analysis on Sample Datasets Data fields: Cleansed dataset includesbenchmarking data for 2,100– Facility IDbuildings over 4 years– City Dataset obtained fromFEMP’s Compliance TrackingSystem (CTS)Additional sample dataset used: City of Philadelphia data set13–––––––––Zip codeBuilding typeActivity yearBenchmarked floor areaAnnual building energy useSite EUI & source EUIWeather normalized site EUIWeather normalized source EUIENERGY STAR rating

Number of Buildings by TypeWhy? Understand distribution of buildingtypes Same types of buildings might havesimilar systems and might needsimilar energy conservation measuresResults Highlights Total buildings 1539 with 625 (42%)classified as “Other” (do not qualifyfor Energy Star Score) Building portfolio dominated byoffice buildings Hospitals, warehouses, andcourthouses are additional largecategories by building number14Building PortfolioAnalysisTotal number of buildings 1539Total number of buildings - others 914

Floor Area by Building TypeWhy? Understand distribution of floorareas among building types Develop targeted approach toaddress underperforming buildingsby sizes, e.g., buildings less thancertain size might qualify for certainprograms.Building PortfolioAnalysisTotal Floor Area 500 Million Square feetResults Highlights Total floor area 500 mil sq ft Building area is dominated by office buildings, followed by hospitals, and courthouses,Non-refrigerated warehouses “Other” floor area 96 mil sq ftInsights “Other” represents 42% of buildings by number but occupies less than 15% of the area,making this a smaller opportunity than analysis by number indicates alone; While hospitals represent 7% of buildings by number, they account for nearly 17% of thearea, increasing their importance relative to the overall portfolio15

Number of buildings & Energy Consumption by SizeWhy? Pareto principle (80-20 rule)Larger buildings ( 250K GSF) tend to have very differentmechanical system types (e.g., a centralized heat orchiller plant) than smaller buildings (e.g., packagedrooftop or window units)Large buildings typically have a greater impact potentialon energy consumption than small buildings, on a perbuilding basisResults Highlights More than 3/4 of the buildings are small ( 250K GSF)Large buildings ( 250K GSF) make up 26% of allbuildings but consume a more significant portion of theenergy ( 83%)Insights 16Design a tailored strategy to address the differentbuilding sizes to improve their performance. Forexample large buildings might be good candidates forESPC projects.NumberBuilding PortfolioAnalysisEnergy

Small and Large Building Types by NumberWhy?Large Buildings (796) Identify buildings that can take of advantage ofspecific programs geared towards a specific buildingtype (e.g., Data Center Challenge) Larger buildings typically have a greater impactpotential on energy consumption Identifying types of large buildings will help us designa targeted approach to improve their performanceResults Large buildings ( 250k SF) are dominated by offices,hospitals, courthouses, “Other” and non refrigeratedwarehousesSmall Buildings (2306) Small buildings are dominated by “Other” andoffices, followed by non refrigerated warehouses,residence halls and K-12 schools.Insights Offices represent a significant fraction of largebuildings, therefore can provide an attractiveopportunity for improvement Small buildings represent a more diverse populationbecause of the larger “other” component.17Building PortfolioAnalysis

Distribution of Building Sizes by TypeWhy? Helps to identify the distribution of buildingsizes individually by type Separating the buildings by their type and areawill help develop targeted approaches toaddress performance issues For example offices below a certain size mightbe eligible for some special utility programsResults Office buildings occur in all sizes K-12 schools, dormitories, retail and servicebuildings are smaller than 250K SF Courthouses and hospitals are typically largerthan 250K SFInsights Addressing inefficient courthouses, hospitalsand office buildings might be a good strategyto get the most savings with less resources.18Building PortfolioAnalysis

Total Energy Use by Building TypeWhy? Understand distribution of energy usage bybuilding types Help focus on buildings types thatconsume the most energy Certain buildings are more energy intensivethan others – hospitals, data centers, etc.Results Total energy use is dominated by hospitalsand office buildings. Courthousesrepresent a smaller opportunity, using lessthan 6% of total energyInsights Even though office buildings are greater innumber and occupy more area, hospitalsconsume more energy19Site Energy UseBuilding PortfolioEnergy Analysis

Energy Star Score AnalysisWhy Understand distribution of energy starscores (ESS) for the full building portfolioLow performing buildings (ESS 50) shouldbe targeted for improvement and willgenerally have the best rate of return oninvestmentResults There are 224 buildings with an ESS of 50or less whose performance needs to beimprovedThere are about 282 buildings with an ESSof 75 or betterInsights 20Low performance buildings (ESS 50) needto be analyzed in more detail tounderstand and design a more targetedapproach to improve their performanceSource: EPABuilding PortfolioEnergy Analysis

ESS Analysis by Building TypesBuilding PortfolioEnergy AnalysisWhy Understand distribution of energy starscores by building typeIdentify low performing buildings andtheir types (ESS 50)Results There are 166 office and 32 hospitalbuildings with energy star scores of 50or lessInsights 21There is a wide distribution of scores foroffices, hospitals and non-refrigeratedwarehouses, whereas most schools arehigh performersCourthouses, which occupy 10% of thetotal area and 5% of the energyconsumptions and costs are performingwell relative to other building typesEnergy Star Score

Distribution of ESS by Building TypesInsights The median ESS for eachbuilding type is above 50,however some buildingtypes have very widedistributions, with manybuildings scoring below 50.This is particularly the casefor hospitals and offices Courthouses and schoolsare relatively highperforming buildings with ahigh median ESS and verytight spread among thebuildings Identify and focus onunderperforming office andhospital buildings withESS 50 for biggest impact22Building PortfolioEnergy Analysis

Energy Star Score by Building SizeResults The median energy starscores for all buildings 200KSF is around 50 with lot ofvariation The median ESS for allbuildings 200K SF is greaterthan 70. Buildings 800K SF are highperforming buildings with ahigh median ESS and verytight spread among thebuildingsInsights Identify and focus onunderperforming buildingswith GSF 600K SF withESS 50 for highest impactGSF (in 1000s Sq. Ft)23BuildingPortfolioPortfolioEnergy AnalysisAnalysis