Transcription
CONECUH-SEPULGA-BLACKWATER RIVERSWATERSHED PROTECTION PLANGEOLOGICAL SURVEYOF ALABAMACONECUH-SEPULGACLEAN WATER PARTNERSHIP
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMABerry H. (Nick) Tew, Jr.State GeologistWATER INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAMHYDROGEOLOGY DIVISIONCONECUH-SEPULGA-BLACKWATER RIVERSWATERSHED PROTECTION PLANProject AdministratorJanet S. WoffordConecuh-Sepulga Clean Water PartnershipByMarlon Cook, Robert M. Baker, Phillip Henderson, Stuart McGregor, and Neil MossGeological Survey of AlabamaPrepared in partial fulfillment of a contract with theConecuh-Sepulga Clean Water PartnershipTuscaloosa, Alabama2004
CONTENTSIntroduction.1Acknowledgements .2Watershed protection plan goals and objectives .2Programs for natural resource protection and enhancement .9Regulatory programs .9Clean Water Act.9Safe Drinking Water Act .12Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act(CERCLA) .12Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).12Endangered Species Act .13U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulations .13Alabama Water Resources Act .14State of Alabama county health department septic tank permits.14Animal feeding operation/concentrated animal feeding operation (AFO/CAFO)program .14Non-regulatory programs.15Natural Resources Conservation Service, farm service agency, and soil and waterconservation districts .15U.S. fish and Wildlife Service .17Turtle Point Environmental Science Center .17Previous investigations .17Study area description.18Location and extent .18County, municipal, and population data .19Physiographic districts .20Ecoregions.23Climate .25Geology .25Cretaceous System.28Upper Cretaceous Series .28Cusseta Sand Member of the Ripley Formation .28Ripley Formation .28Providence Sand.28Tertiary System.29Paleocene Series.29Clayton Formation.29Porters Creek Formation.29Nanafalia Formation.29Tuscahoma Sand.29Eocene Series .30Hatchetigbee Formation .30Tallahatta Formation .30Lisbon Formation .30Jackson Group undifferentiated.31iii
Eocene and Oligocene Series.31Residuum.31Oligocene Series .31Oligocene Series undifferentiated .31Miocene Series.31Miocene Series undifferentiated.31Pleistocene and Pliocene Series .32Citronelle Formation .32Ouarternary System .32Pleistocene and Holocene Series .32Terrace and alluvial deposits .32Surface water.32Hydrologic sub-regions .32Upper Conecuh River (03141301).33Patsaliga Creek (03140302).39Sepulga River (03140303) .41Lower Conecuh River (03140304) .41Escambia Creek (03140305).44Blackwater River (03140104).44Groundwater resources .44Availability .47Eocene-Pleistocene undifferentiated aquifer .47Lisbon aquifer .47Nanafalia-Clayton aquifer.49Providence-Ripley aquifer .49Recharge .49Water Use.49Public supply .50Self-supplied domestic.50Self-supplied c power generation .51Land use .52Blackwater River 031401010 .55Upper Conecuh River 03010301 .55Patsaliga Creek 03010302 .56Sepulga River 03010303.56Lower Conecuh River 03010304.56Escambia Creek 03010305 .56Natural resources.57Imperiled species.58Fresh water mussels.58Alabama Pearlshell Margaritifera marrianae .58Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia .59Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata .63Southern Sandshell Lampsilis australis .63iv
Alabama Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus .63Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi .64Fuzzy Pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum .64Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis .64Fishes .65Ironcolor Shiner Notropis chalybaeus .65Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi.65Alabama Shad Alosa alabamae .66Bluenose Shiner Pteronotropis welaka.67Amphibians.67Gopher Frog Rana capito.67River Frog Rana heckscheri.68Flatwoods Salamander Ambystoma cingulatum .68One-Toed Amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter.69Red Hills Salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti.69Southern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus auriculatus.69Reptiles .69Mimic Glass Lizard Ophisaurus mimicus.69Coal Skink Eumeces anthracinus ssp. .70Southeastern Five-Lined Skink Eumeces inexpectatus.70Eastern Indigo Snake Drymarchon couperi.70Rainbow Snake Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma .71Southern Hognose Snake Heterodon simus.71Eastern Kingsnake Lampropeltis getula getula .71Florida Pine Snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus .72North Florida Swamp Snake Seminatrix pygaea pygaea .72Eastern Coral Snake Micrurus fulvius .72Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus .73Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii .73Gopher Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus .74Birds .74Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Picoides borealis .74Henslow’s Sparrow Ammodramus henslowii .75American Kestrel Falco sparverious .76American Woodcock Scolopax minor .77Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus .77American Black Duck Anas rubripes .79Swallow-Tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus.80Wood Stork Mycteria Americana .81Short-Eared Owl Asio flammeus.82Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina .82Worm-Eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus.84Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii .85Kentucky Warbler Oporonis formosus .86Bachman’s Sparrow Aimophila aestivalis .87Mammals .88v
Black Bear Ursus americanus .88Gray Myotis Myotis grisescens.88Little Brown Myotis Myotis lucifugus .89Southeastern Myotis Myotis austroriparius.89Northern Yellow Bat Lasiurus intermedius.89Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis .90Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii .90Marsh Rabbit Sylvilagus palustris .90Southeastern Pocket Gopher Geomys pinetis .91Long-Tailed Weasel Mustela frenata .91Eastern Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius.92Status of surface water classification and quality .92State/Federal water-use classifications and stream water-quality classifications.92TMDL .94General causes of impairment and future threats to natural resource quality.95Excessive Nutrients .95Ammonia.96Nitrate .96Phosphorus.96Pathogens.97Sedimentation .97Organic compounds .98Documented impairments and future threats to natural resource quality .99Violation of ADEM ground water quality.99Waters in violation of ADEM surface water quality criteria or waters with elevatedconstituents .101Human health threats .111Pathogens .111Septic tanks .112Fish consumption advisories for the Conecuh River watershed.112Habitat quality .114Protection plan implementation .114Goal.114Objectives .115Objective 1: Increase citizen awareness of watershed protection.116Strategy A .116Action items .116Progress and success criteria .117Strategy B.117Action items .118Progress and success criteria .118Strategy C.118Action items .119Progress and success criteria .119Strategy D .119Action items .119vi
Progress and success criteria .120Strategy E.120Action items .120Progress and success criteria .120Strategy F .120Action items .121Progress and success criteria .121Strategy G .121Action items .121Progress and success criteria .121Strategy H .121Action items .122Progress and success criteria .122Objective 2: Inventory and monitor the physical, chemical and biologicalparameters for surface and groundwater.122Strategy A .122Action items .123Progress and success criteria .123Strategy B.123Action items .124Progress and success criteria .124Strategy C.124Action items .125Progress and success criteria .125Strategy D .125Action items .125Progress and success criteria .126Objective 3: Reduce pollution from construction and other land disturbanceactivities .126Strategy A .126Action items .126Progress and success criteria .127Strategy B.127Action items .127Progress and success criteria .128Strategy C.128Action items .128Progress and success criteria .128Objective 4: Reduce pollution from domestic onsite sewage disposal systems .129Strategy A .129Action items .129Progress and success criteria .130Strategy B.130Action items .131Progress and success criteria .131vii
Objective 5: Reduce pollution from illegal waste dumping sites, littering, anddisposal of animal carcasses .132Strategy A .132Action items .132Progress and success criteria .132Strategy B.133Action items .133Progress and success criteria .133Objective 6: Reduce pollution from agricultural activities.133Strategy A .133Action items .134Progress and success criteria .134Strategy B.134Action items .134Progress and success criteria .135Strategy C.135Action items .135Progress and success criteria .136Strategy D .136Action items .136Progress and success criteria .137Strategy E.137Action items .137Progress and success criteria .137Objective 7: Reduce pollution from forestry activities.138Strategy A .138Action items .138Progress and success criteria .139Strategy B.139Action items .140Progress and success criteria .140Strategy C.140Action items .141Progress and success criteria .141Objective 8: Reduce nonpoint source pollution from urban sources.141Strategy A .141Action items .141Progress and success criteria .142Strategy B.142Action items .142Progress and success criteria .
geological survey of alabama . berry h. (nick) tew, jr. state geologist . water investigations program . hydrogeology division . conecuh-sepulga-blackwater rivers
