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Preparing for the Praxis SchoolPsychologist ExamNASP 2021 Convention,Barbara Bole Williams, PhD, NCSPRowan Universitywilliamsb@rowan.eduNicholas A. Bellack, M.EdClient Relations DirectorEducational Testing Servicenbellack@ets.org
PASS:Preparing, Assisting,Surviving and Succeeding2
PREPARINGHigh Stakes Testing:Praxis School Psychologist (5402) Program graduation requirement State certification Nationally Certified School Psychologist(NCSP) Praxis subject assessments measureknowledge of specific subjects3
Rowan University SchoolPsychology Internship History Requirements How do we prepare?4
PREPARING Exam Preparation Guest speakers Content of exam Practice questions Review areas covered on exam Develop study guide materialsand Share5
Guest Speakers Recent graduates of program What was it like? TimingConditions for testingComputer-delivered formatGeneral reaction? How did I prepare? How would I recommend preparing?6
About the test . . .School Psychologist (5402) 140 questions 140 minutes Selected-response questions (traditionalmultiple-choice questions as well as innovativeitems such as multiple-selection multiple-choice) Computer-delivered Designed for MA and Specialist’s level candidatesseeking licensure as school psychologists Assumes candidates have had supervised practicumand internship ETS: Test will contain some questions that will notcount toward score7
6 OrganizationalPrinciplesCreate thesystemsnecessaryto supporteffectiveservicedelivery.10 Domainsof PracticeDefine schoolpsychologists’training, skills,and knowledge.
SchoolPsychologist (5402):Content CategoriesI.Professional Practices: Practices that PermeateAll Aspects of Service and Delivery (30%)II.Direct and Indirect Services for Children, Familiesand Schools (Student-Level Services)(23%)III.Systems-Level Services(15%)IV.Foundations of School Psychological ServiceDelivery (23%)9
Content of ExamI.II.III.IV.V.Data-Based Decision Making andAccountabilityConsultation and CollaborationInterventions and Mental Health Services toDevelop Social and Life SkillsSystems-Level ServicesFoundations of School Psychological ServiceDeliveryFor more information see TAAG for School Psychologist on ets.org10
I. Professional Practices, Practices that Permeate AllAspects of Service and Delivery (30%)A. Data-Based Decision Making1. Problem Identification (interview strategies;observational strategies; review of records, useof screening measures, etc.)2. Assessment/Problem Analysis (measures ofintelligence/cognitive function; educationalachievement; processing; development andadaptive behaviors, affective/social/emotionalfunctioning and behavior; functional behavioralassessment; performance-based assessment;CBM/cba; ecological assessment, use oftechnology to enhance data; data collection toassess quality and effectiveness of services,11etc.)
I. Professional Practices, Practices that Permeate AllAspects of Service and Delivery (30%) (cont.)A. Data-Based Decision Making (cont.)3. Knowledge of measurement theory andprinciples (problem-solving framework as basisfor all professional activities; types of test scoresand norms; strengths and limitations of types ofassessment; principles of reliability and validity;familiar with personal, social, linguistic,environmental; racial and cultural factors thatinfluence assessment; test fairness concepts)4. Assessment of special populations (infantand early childhood/preschool assessment; ESL;low incidence exceptionalities (chronic health,physical disabilities, ASD; sensory impairments,screening for gifted and talented)12
I. Professional Practices, Practices that Permeate AllAspects of Service and Delivery (30%) (cont.)B. Consultation and Collaboration1. Models and methods of consultation (use ofproblem-solving framework; knows various modelsof consultation; knows importance of facilitatingcommunication and collaboration)2. Home/school/community collaboration@student-level (strategies for working with families;community agencies/providers to facilitate success)13
II. Direct and Indirect Services for Children,Families and Schools (Student-Level Services) (23%)A. Interventions and Instructional Support toDevelop Academic Skills1. Effective instruction at the individual and group llevel (various instructional strategies, commoncurricular accommodations and modifications;methods for helping students become selfregulated learners, etc.)2. Issues related to academic success/failure(use evidence-based strategies; factors relatedto academic progress, etc.)14
II. Direct and Indirect Services for Children,Families and Schools (Student-Level Services) (23%)B. Interventions and Mental Health Servicesto Develop Social and Life Skills1. Primary, secondary and tertiary preventionstrategies (classroom organization andmanagement techniques, individual and smallgroup programs [e.g., social skills training,conflict resolution]; familiar with risk factorsassociated with severe learning and mentalhealth issues)2. School-based intervention skills/techniques(counseling techniques, developmentallyappropriate interventions, ABA)15
II. Direct and Indirect Services for Children, Families andSchools (Student-Level Services) (23%) cont.B. Interventions and Mental Health Servicesto Develop Social and Life Skills (cont.)3. Child and adolescent psychopathology(familiar with common symptoms of mentalhealth and educational disabilities; impactmental health on educational outcomes; basicknowledge of psychopharmacology)16
III. Systems-Level Services (16%)A. School-wide Practices to Promote Learning1. Familiar with school-based organization andsystems theory2. Systems level resource-mapping3. Common educational policies/practices4. Importance of research-outcomes whendesigning intervention plans5. School improvement plans17
III. Systems-Level Services (16%) (cont.)B. Preventive and Responsive Services1. Common school/system-wide preventionprograms (e.g., PBS, etc.)2. Risk and protective factors3. Crisis prevention and intervention techniques4. School/district-wide crisis managementplanning, recovery and response.C. Family-School Collaboration Services1. Advocate for family involvement2. Interagency collaboration18
IV. Foundations of School PsychologicalService Delivery (31%)A. Diversity in Development and Learning1. Culture, background and individual learning,characteristics (e.g., age, gender or genderidentity, cognitive capabilities, social-emotionalskills, race, ethnicity, disability, etc)2. Working with cultural brokers or communityliaisons3. Recognizes personal biases that influencedecision-making4. Fairness and social justice19
IV. Foundations of School Psychological ServiceDelivery (31%) (cont.)B. Research and Program Evaluation1. How to evaluate research and translateresearch into practice2. Understand research design and statistics3. Understand program evaluation4. Knows how to provide assistance in schools tointerpret and use empirical practices20
IV. Foundations of School Psychological ServiceDelivery (31%) (cont.)C. Legal, Ethical and Professional Practice1. Ethical principals related to school psych(NASP PPE; familiar with standards foreducational and psych tests [APA, AERA,NCME]; ethical practice in use of technology.2. Legal issues related to school psych(IDEA; Section 504; ADA; ESEA; FERPA; knowsrelevant case law; rights of students; liability ofschool psychologists)3. Professional foundations(advocating for children; history of SP; lifelonglearning and professional growth; supervisionand mentoring)21
Develop Your Own StudyMaterials Using test specifications as guide,(custom School PsychologistStudy Plan)Each of the content areas arecoveredStudents gather review materialsShare with classmates22
Feedback from students Which aspects of PREPARE mosthelpful?–––Guest speakersTopical study guidesPASS book and other resources23
AssistingStudy and Testing-takingSkills24
SStudy and Test-taking Skills Organization, Procrastination & StudyHygiene Study Techniques & MemoryTechniques Test-Taking Techniques Test Anxiety & Stress Management25
Overcoming Procrastination Honest self-assessment Set realistic goals Do your actions match your ideals, plans forthe future? Use time wisely- prioritize Dwell on your successes not failures Think about consequences of procrastination Motivate each other – study groups/partners Modify poor study strategies and yourenvironment26
Study Hygiene 25-30 minutes is the time of optimalconcentration Get up, take a break for 5 minutes– Consolidation of difficult material Reward yourself Before sleeping:– Don’t study new material, reviewlearned material27
Effective test-taking Read carefully Pace yourself– Build up stamina with practice tests Don’t second guess yourself Check for silly errors28
Test Anxiety Inventory– Know your sources of anxiety Concerns about how others view you,future security, beliefs about failure etc. Be prepared: mind & body– Study, review, sleep, rest & eat29
Test Anxiety– Cognitive– Self-talk: “Opportunity to show what Iknow” vs. “They’re trying to trick me”– Use imagery– Physiological– Practice relaxation skills before– Breathe– Muscle relaxation stretches during test30
ASSISTING Group Effort Study groups Large group sharing31
SURVIVING Study plan Personal planSUCCEEDING32
ReferencesWilliams, B.B. & Mennuti, R. B. (2016)PASS: Prepare, assist, survive andsucceed – a guide to passing thepraxis exam in school psychology, 2ndedition. NY: Routledge.33
References School Psychology Exam Litehttp://iphone-appssearch.com/iphone ipad apps/58059/School Psychology Exam Lite %28Free Questions%29/ FREESchool Psychology Exam Pro Apphttp://iphone-appssearch.com/iphone ipad apps/61640/School Psychology Exam Pro/ 12.9934
Preparing for the Praxis SchoolPsychologist TestNick Bellack,ETS Client Relations Director
Topics Using the Praxis website to prepare for your test Reviewing the Praxis School Psychologist StudyCompanion Developing an effective study plan Test preparation materials Test dates and score reporting
Why Is It Important to Prepare? 26% of Praxis test takers said they received a lower scorethan they expected.* Test takers tend to overestimate their preparedness. Success on Praxis tests is directly linked to preparation. Advice for repeat test takers. Do not retake the test without preparation! 19% of Praxis test takers do not take advantage of the freetest prep available**2011 Praxis Test Taker Survey
Using the Praxis Website www.ets.org/praxis
Navigating to the NASP PageChoose NASP from bottom ofdrop down box.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
NASP Page on Praxis WebsiteLinks to School Psychologisttest requirements, test prepmaterials, NASPcertification requirementsand NASP websiteCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
NASP Page Links
Test and score requirementsCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Praxis Website Links to NASP Website
State Boards of Education and Boards of Psychology /scores/passing/
Preparing for the Praxis SchoolPsychologist TestCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service.All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo andLISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational
Prepare for the Test: Drop-Down ind your test by name or numberwww.ets.org/praxis/testprep
Available Test Prep from the Test Developer
Study Companion for School Psychologist Provides test blueprint(TAAG) Sample questions withanswers and rationales Study topics withdiscussion questions General information andstudy tips Study plan document
Study Companion IncludesTEST AT A GLANCE (TAAG)Testing time,type andnumber ofquestions
Study CompanionTEST AT A GLANCE (TAAG)Highlights topicscovered and inwhat proportion
Study Companion Includes Test BlueprintCategoriesof topicsSubtopics withdetails of whatwill be coveredCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Study Companion Includes 35 SAMPLE QUESTIONSIllustrates types ofquestions on thetestCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered tradmarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Study Companion: Sample Questions Know the content behind the questions! Go beyond just answering the question, conduct ananalysis of the question What is the question asking? What content knowledge do I need to answer the question? What category and topic is being addressed by thequestion? Reflect on the rationales and compare to your selectionReviewing More Sample Questions isNOT the Key to Passing the Test!
Study Companion – Answers and Rationales to SampleQuestions Are Given
Use the Study Topics Included inSchool Psychologist Study Companion Study Topics - Chapter 6 in free StudyCompanion Deeper view on content subareas on test Discussion areas, presented as openended questions or statements Helps test your knowledge of fundamentalconcepts and your ability to apply thoseconcepts to situations in the real world55
Developing Your Study Plan
Study Plan Customized for SchoolPsychologist Test
Additional Test PreparationMaterials: Videos, Webinars andInteractive Practice Test
“What to Expect on Testing Day” Videowww.ets.org/praxis/testdayCopyright 2012 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.
Praxis II Candidate Webinars Future Dates:https://www.ets.org/praxis/prepare/webinars/ All start at 1 p.m. ET Prerecorded webinaralso available60
Practice Test Navigation with Praxis ComputerDelivered Testing DemonstrationCopyright 2017 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and PRAXIS are registered trademarksof Educational Testing Service (ETS). MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING is a trademark of ETS. 3169261
Computer-Delivered Testing oCopyright 2015 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and PRAXIS are registered trademarksof Educational Testing Service (ETS). MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING is a trademark of ETS. 31692
Navigation Buttons on Test Screen
Test Review Screen Assists Time Management
Interactive Practice Tests Detailed explanations for correct answers to the practicequestions Content category scores indicating the number of questionsanswered correctly in each content category to help youunderstand your performance level Real test directions and questions similar to those you will seeon test day A timer that to simulate the actual test experience 19.95 for 10 uses or 90 days http://www.ets.org/s/praxis/pdf/praxis interactive test order form.pdf65
Interactive Practice Tests66
Praxis Test Dates and Score Reporting
When Can You Take the Test? The School Psychologist (5402) is offered continuously attesting centers. You may visit the following site to see when your score will bereported based on the day you take your test. https://www.ets.org/praxis/register/dates centers/68
Registration and Scores Register through your Praxis account Test fee is 120 Four free score reports Most state education departments are automatic score scores/receiving/) Your program will want your scores to be sent to them. You will see an unofficial score on your computer screen atthe conclusion of testingCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Score ReportCopyright 2013 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING. are registered trademarks of Educational TestingService (ETS). PRAXIS and THE PRAXIS SERIES are trademarks of ETS.
Score Recipient PageCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Category Performance InformationCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Reviewing Category Performance onYour Praxis Score Report If you passed, CONGRATULATIONS! If you will be retaking the test: Consult with your advisor Focus your studies on areas where you can gainthe most additional points with improvement Gather resources/materials in these topic areas Do not retake the test without furtherpreparation!Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Change of Name Reminder Due to security reasons, you cannot change yourname online. If the name shown on your primary identificationdoes not match the name on your registrationrecord, you will not be permitted to test. Name Changes –more clarifying language in thepersonal information section of your Praxis account: “If your name has changed for any reason, includingmarriage or divorce, you must create a new online Praxisaccount providing your name exactly as it appears on theprimary identification you will present on test day .Copyright 2015 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and PRAXIS are registered trademarksof Educational Testing Service (ETS). MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING is a trademark of ETS. 3169274
Test Your Knowledge with OurSample Questions
Sample Question 1According to the United States Census Bureau,which minority group will be the largest amongschool-age students in 2050?Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Choice of answers to 1A. African AmericansB. Native AmericansC. Asians and Pacific IslandersD. HispanicsCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer to Question 1Correct Answer: DWhile the growth rate in the Asian and PacificIslander population is expected to be thegreatest, Hispanics will be, by far, the largestminority group among school-age students,comprising almost 30 percent of thatpopulation.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 2The school psychologist is attending a meeting for Miguel, akindergarten student who has been refusing to come toschool. The teacher reports that when Miguel does cometo school he frequently complains of not feeling well andasks to go home. Of the following options, which should beexplored first and would likely result in the most favorableoutcome for Miguel?Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Possible Answers or 2A. Contacting Miguel’s parents to discuss the problem anddevelop interventions B. Initiating a report to the Division of Family and ChildrenServices C. Conducting a functional behavior assessment D. Observing Miguel in the classroomCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 2 Correct Answer: A Research shows that the more schools reach out andengage parents, the more students experience increasedattendance. Contacting the parents and discussing thesituation may provide insight as to why the child isavoiding school, and will involve the parents as importantmembers of the team. Also, by including the parents, arelationship may develop so the parents feel comfortablesharing important information with the team about thechild’s home life.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 3Which of the following is an example of observer drift?A. A school psychologist is more careful about the observations hemakes when being watched by a supervisor.B. A school psychologist unintentionally changes the standardsbeing used to code a behavior over time.C. A school psychologist unintentionally cues a child nonverbally,which inadvertently changes the behaviors being observed.D. A school psychologist fails to note that the device she is using torecord observation data has malfunctioned.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 3Correct Answer: BObserver drift occurs when, over a periodof time, there is an unintentional,systematic change in the operativedefinition of the behaviors that are beingobserved.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 4All of the following types of thinking are considered specificproblem-solving skills that relate to a child’s ability toadjust in everyday social situations EXCEPTA. alternative-solutionsB. means-endC. inconsequentialD. causalCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 4Correct Answer: CProblem-solving skills that relate to adjustment includealternative-solutions thinking, or the ability to come upwith unrelated solutions to a problem; means-endthinking, or awareness of the intermediate steps requiredto achieve a particular goal; consequential thinking, or theability to identify what may happen as a direct result ofacting in a particular way or choosing a particular solution;and causal thinking, or the ability to relate one event toanother over time and to understand why one event led toa particular action. Inconsequential thinking does notcontribute to everyday adjustment.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 5Dr. Jones, a school psychologist, is reviewingdata on the number of hours that schoolpsychologists in his school district spent indirect service over the past five years. Henotes that the time spent in one-on-onecontact with students nearly doubled over thattime period. Which of the following areplausible explanations for the change in directcontact hours?Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 5Select all that apply.A. Teachers are making more referrals because theirfamiliarity with the school psychologists is increasing.B. Symptoms are being identified more frequently becauseof training and experience among staff members.C. Students are more likely to seek advice from their schoolcounselor.D. The school psychologists prefer doing one-on-one workwith the students, so they are doing more of it.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 5Correct Answer: A, B, DThe school psychologists in Dr. Jones’ schoolmay be experiencing a greater amount of oneon-one time with students because of agreater number of teacher referrals, becauseincreased training means that staff arerecognizing symptoms earlier, or because theschool psychologists enjoy meeting thestudents and encourage them to come in.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 6A particular behavior modification programbegins with a baseline period of observation.Then the experimental contingency isintroduced so that a certain level ofperformance is required to earn reinforcement.When performance consistently meets orsurpasses that criterion over a few days, thecriterion is made more stringent. This procedureis repeated.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Choice of Answers for Question 6Which of the following research designs isdescribed above?A. Multiple baselineB. Alternation or simultaneous treatmentC. Changing criterionD. ReversalCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 6Correct Answer: CThe changing-criterion design begins with a baseline period ofobservation. After baseline, the experimental contingency isintroduced so that a certain level of performance is requiredto earn reinforcement. For example, the behavior may haveto be performed a certain number of times per day to earnthe reinforcer. When performance consistently meets orsurpasses that criterion over a few days, the criterion ismade more stringent. The criterion is repeatedly changeduntil the goal is achieved.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 7According to John Salvia and James Ysseldyke,which of the following is a matter of experientialbackground rather than a matter of gender, skincolor, race, or ethnic background?A. Cultural competenceB. Cultural awarenessC. AcculturationD. ImmersionCopyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Correct Answer for Question 7Correct Answer: CAccording to Salvia and Ysseldyke,differences in experiential backgroundaffect acculturation, the process ofadopting another culture’s behaviors andbeliefs.Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Sample Question 8Ms. Peterson, a special education teacher, teaches English forstudents with intellectual disabilities who cannot keep upwith the regular education class. She observes that many ofher students have problems with handwriting, so sheconsiders taking her class to the school’s computer lab toshow them how to use a simple word-processing programfor English writing assignments. When she contacts theteacher responsible for scheduling the lab, she is told that“in accordance with school policy, special education classesare not allowed to use the computer lab because thestudents are too likely to damage the expensive equipment.”This conduct is a direct policy violation of which of thefollowing?Copyright 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo and LISENTING. LEARNING. LEADING.are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). THE PRAXIS SERIES is a trademark of ETS.
Choice of Answers for Question 8A. Individuals with Disabilities EducationImprovement Act (IDEA, 2004)B. Family Educational Rights and PrivacyAct of 1974 (FERPA)C. The stud
PREPARING High Stakes Testing: Praxis School Psychologist (5402) Program graduation requirement State certification Nationally Certified School Psychologist (NCSP) Praxis subject assessments measure knowledge of specific subjects
