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OLD TESTAMENTCREATION TO CANAAN1667 – 1452a1452215 years of Israel’s “Egyptian Bondage” from Jacob entering Egypt to the ExodusMoses leads Israelites in “The Exodus” out of Egypt1452 – 141240 years of wandering in the wilderness (Num. 14:34)1412Moses dies (Deut. 34:5-8), and Joshua leads Israel over the Jordan River into Canaan1412 – 1407b5 years to conquer Canaan1407 – 1382c25 years - Joshua judges in Canaan1382 – 1363d20 years - From Joshua’s death till all of Joshua’s generation dieda.Period of Israel’s Egyptian Bondage: 430 / 400 / 215 years?There are conflicting time periods in scripture regarding the Egyptian bondage of Israel. A 430 period appearsto referenced in Exod. 12:40 and Gal. 3:17, a 400 year bondage in Gen. 15:13 and Acts 7:6, but genealogies inscripture constrict the time in Egypt to only 350 years. So what was the actual time period of Israel’s Egyptianbondage?In Exod. 12:40-41, it says the “sojourning” of the children of Israel was 430 years. Immediately after thecovenant is given to Abram in 1882 (Gen. 12:1-8), Abram goes down to Egypt to “sojourn” there due to a famine(Gen. 12:10). The time period from the beginning of Abram’s Egyptian “sojourn” until the Exodus was 430 years(1882-1452).In Gal. 3:17, the Apostle Paul is comparing the Mosaic law to the Abrahamic covenant. Since the clausecontaining 430 years is offset by commas, it is providing a further description of the law and could easily beoffset by parentheses to make it easier to read. So this verse could be read as: “And this I say, that thecovenant (that was confirmed before of God in Christ), the law (which was after 430 years after) cannotdisannul, that it should make the promise of none effect”. He states that the Mosaic law which came after thecovenant “cannot disannul” (it doesn’t override or supersede) the Abrahamic covenant. And he even gives usthe exact time that the law was given after the covenant was made. This scripture is actually giving us the exacttime period of when the Abrahamic covenant was given until when the Mosaic law was given. The law wasrdgiven unto Moses in the 3 month after the Exodus when they arrived at Mount Sinai (Exod. 19:1), so essentiallythe time of the Abrahamic covenant was 430 years before the Exodus. We know from the Genesis accountsthat the time period from the Abrahamic covenant when he was 75 until Jacob enters Egypt was 215 years(1882-1667). So that means the time period from the entering of Egypt until the giving of the law on Sinai wasanother 215 years. From this text, Paul actually confirms a 215 year Egyptian bondage from his proof of the 430year time lapse from the confirming of the Abrahamic covenant until the giving of the Mosaic law on Mt. Sinai.In Acts 7:6, Stephen quotes from the Genesis 15 account in his sermon that a nation would “bring them intobondage, and entreat them evil 400 years”. He is quoting from the account in Genesis, so if we understand thescripture in Genesis, this covers Acts 7:6 too. (Also, since Gen. 15:13 and Exod. 12:40 appear to both introducedifferent time periods of the bondage, it’s interesting that Stephen in a New Testament sermon ignores the 430years in Exod. 12:40 and instead quotes scripture from the 400 years in Gen. 15:13. This is sufficient to showthat the New Testament church didn’t consider the 430 years of sojourning in Exod. 12:40 to be the literal timeperiod of the bondage.)In Gen. 15:13, Abram was told his “seed” would be “afflicted” for 400 years by the nation they would be inbondage to, which was eventually Egypt. The affliction of Abraham’s seed by the Egyptians began from the“bondage” of Hagar’s (an Egyptian) son, Ishmael, when she was “cast out” at the time of Isaac’s weaning (Gen.21:8-11) because Ishmael (an Egyptian by his maternal birth) “persecuted” (Gal. 4:29) Isaac, the promised son.6

OLD TESTAMENTCREATION TO CANAANa. Period of Israel’s Egyptian Bondage: 430 / 400 / 215 years? (continued)Assuming Isaac’s weaning occurred at 5 years old this would have been 30 years after the Abrahamic covenant(1882), so he would have been cast out in roughly 1852. Assuming an Exodus date of 1452, it would have been400 years from Ishmael’s antagonism and affliction of the seed of Abraham, Isaac, until the liberation fromEgyptian bondage. Hagar (an Egyptian, and mother of Ishmael) is presented as an allegory for the “bondage” ofthe law (Gal. 4:22-31). Ishmael’s hand was to be against every man (Gen. 16:12), but there is no scripturalevidence of hostility towards Abraham’s seed until this event in Gen. 21:9, which would coincide with thebeginning of Egyptian “affliction” of the seed of Abraham.The maximum time period of the Egyptian bondage based on genealogies provided in scripture is 350 years.Kohath, the son of Levi, was born before Levi came into Egypt (Gen. 46:8,11) and died at age 133 (Exod. 6:18).Amram, the son of Kohath and father of Moses, was 137 at death (Exod. 6:20). And Moses, the son of Amram,was 80 at the time of the Exodus (Exod. 7:7). If Kohath was one year old when he entered Egypt, and Moseswas born in the last year of Amram’s life (which is quite unlikely) the absolute maximum time period of thebondage is 350 years. However, a 215 bondage period fits quite nicely with this genealogy account, allowing fornormal time of birth and length of life. Also see Exod. 6:16-20, 1 Chr. 6:1-3, 1 Chr. 23:12-20 to confirm there isno skip in the generations of the genealogy; Moses is the grandson of Kohath and great-grandson of Levi.Abram was also promised his seed would return out of bondage in the “fourth generation” (Gen. 15:16), andMoses was the fourth generation from Jacob (Levi - Kohath - Amram - Moses), who first entered Egypt.It appears to me the genealogy hurdle is too much to allow for the standard 400 years Egyptian bondage (andwe can’t just start ignoring genealogies and say that some skipped a few people because the genealogy ofJesus in Matt. 1 is one of the most important sections of scripture there is; if we question one genealogy ofLevi’s descendants, that puts into question the genealogy of Jesus Christ too, and we certainly don’t want toquestion that.) Since the 430 and 400 year references can be reconciled with events in the life of Abraham, andsince Paul’s writing in the New Testament independently presents a 215 year bondage (especially consideringPaul was probably one of the foremost Old Testament scholars in Judaism at that time), and also sinceJosephus who had access to many ancient documents and the thinking of that time presented a 215 yearbondage, I believe that the use of 215 year Egyptian bondage from Jacob’s arrival to the Exodus is the mostappropriate.b.Caleb was 40 when he initially spied out the land (Josh. 14:7), 40 years in the wilderness (Num. 14:34), andthen was 85 when the land was divided (Josh. 14:10) after the conquest was complete, so there was 5 yearsfrom the entering of Canaan until the land was dividedc.Joshua was a “young man” at the Exodus and Canaan expedition (Exod. 33:11, Num. 11:28); Joshua and Calebwere likely the same age, meaning Joshua was also 85 when the Canaan conquest was complete (Josh. 14:10),so he likely was still the leader of the Israelites for another 25 years before he died at age 110 (Josh. 24:29)d.Israel was faithful to the Lord until Joshua’s generation died, then they turned to other gods (Josh. 24:31; Judg.2:7,10,11-19); this time period is reasonable because the generations of Israel were usually counted from 20years old and upward (Num. 14:29, Num. 1:20,22, etc.) Judges 17-21, “when there was no king in Israel”, would be during this period. These chapters wereearlier than other periods chronicled in the book of Judges because grandchildren of Moses andAaron were still alive:o Judg. 18:30 - Jonathan, son of Gershom, grandson of Moses (all of Gershom’s children arenot listed in scripture, only that “Shebuel was chief” - 1 Chr. 23:16)o Judg. 20:28 - Phinehas, son of Eleazar, grandson of Aaron (1 Chr. 6:3-4)7

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OLD TESTAMENTPERIOD OF THE JUDGESYear13631355Gentile OppressionJudges of Israele1363-13558 years Mesopotamian oppression, Judges 3:81355-13151) Othniel as judge, Judges 3:7-1140 years of rest, Judges 3:1113151315-129718 years Moabite oppression, Judges 3:14Book of Ruth12971297-12172) Ehud as judge, Judges 3:12-3080 years of rest, Judges 3:3012171213120011931217-1213Possible Philistine oppression, Judges 3:311213-119320 years Canaaniteoppression, Judges 4:31217-12133) Shamgar as judge, Judges 3:31(no time period given, estimated 4 year judgeship)1200-11937 years Midianite oppression, Judges 6:19

OLD TESTAMENTPERIOD OF THE JUDGESYearGentile OppressionJudges of Israel1193e1193-115340 years the land had rest, Judges 5:31, 8:28- 4) Deborah as judge, Judges 4:4‒5:31(with Barak as general, Judges 4:6‒5:31)- 5) Gideon as judge, Judges 6:11‒8:3511531153-11506) Abimelech, 3 years as ruler, Judges 9:1-5711501150-11277) Tola, 23 years as judge, Judges 10:1-2112711231127-108740 years of Philistinewar and oppression,Judges 13:11127-11058) Jair, 22 years as judge,Judges 10:351123-110518 yearsAmmonite war,Judges 10:18110711051105-1099 9) Jepthah, 6 years asjudge, Judges 11:1‒12:710991099-1092 10) Ibzan, 7 yearsas judge, Judges 12:8-101127-108713) Eli, 40 yearsas priest and judge,1 Sam. 4:181107-118714) Samson,20 years aswarrior judge,Judges 15:20,16:3110921092-1082 11) Elon, 10 yearsas judge, Judges 12:11-12108710821082-1074 12) Abdon, 8 yearsas judge, Judges 12:13-151074101087-105515) Samuel, prophetand judge all the daysof his life, 1 Sam. 7:15

OLD TESTAMENTPERIOD OF THE JUDGESe.Period of the JudgesIf all of the Gentile oppressions and Israel’s judgeships (excluding Samuel and not knowing the length of Shamgar’sjudgeship) occurred consecutively, then the time period from the beginning of the 8 year Mesopotamian oppression tillthe end of Eli’s 40 year judgeship would be 410 years. However, scripture dictates the time period from the Exodusuntil the beginning of the building of Solomon’s temple to be 480 years (1 Kg. 6:1); 410 years plus just the three 40year periods of the wandering in the wilderness, Saul’s reign, and David’s reign, puts the time period of the judges wellover that mark. So obviously, some of the oppressions and judgeships were simultaneous, particularly the threeunique judges of Eli who was both priest (1 Sam. 1:9) and judge (1 Sam. 4:18), Samson who was a warrior judgeparticularly against the Philistines during their 40 years of oppression (Judges 14-16), and Samuel who was a prophet(1 Sam. 3:20) and judge (1 Sam. 7:15). These three judges are distinguished in their own unique judgeship lineage. Itappears that Samuel became judge at the time of the death of both Samson and Eli. He becomes a judge almostimmediately upon the death of Eli (1 Sam. 7:15), and he leads Israel into battle against the Philistines (1 Sam. 4-7) andafter their defeat (1 Sam. 7:14), there is no more mention of war, particularly with the Philistines, in Samuel’s judgeship.So this would coincide with ending of the 40 years of Philistine oppression, and it’s likely their armies would have beenquite decimated if this battle occurred after Samson killed so many Philistines in his death (Judges 16:30-31).In Judges 11:26, Jephthah questions the king of Ammon why they have not recovered these disputed cities during thetime that Israel had dwelt in those cities until that current time, a period he presents as 300 years. Israel took Heshbonin Num. 21:25-28, and the tribe of Gad built Aroer in Num. 32:34, both just a few years before the Israelites entranceinto Canaan. However, the children of Gad were required to help the rest of Israel conquest the land of Canaan whichwas then divided among the tribes in 1407. Assuming the tribe of Gad moved back to Aroer soon after in 1406 and thishappened in the first year of Jephthah’s judgeship in 1105, that would be almost exactly 300 years that Israel hadoccupied the disputed cities up to that point.After estimating Shamgar’s judgeship to be 4 years, the time period of the judges (from beginning of Othniel’sjudgeship until the beginning of the reign of King Saul) is exactly 300 years. 40 years Israel’s wandering in the wilderness 57 years from entering of Canaan until the first judge, Othneil 300 years from Othniel to reign of King Saul 40 years of King Saul’s reign 40 years of King David’s reignth 3 years of King Solomon’s reign (temple construction began in the 4 year of Solomon, 1 Kg. 6:1) 480 years total from the Exodus (1452) to the building of Solomon’s temple (972)11

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OLD TESTAMENTESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOMYearJudges of IsraelKings of Israel1074e1087-1055Samuel, prophet and judge all the days of his life, 1 Sam. 7:151055 ‒ Saul is anointed as king of Israel by Samuel10551055-1015Saul, 40 years as king, Acts 13:2110151015-975David, 40 years as king, 1 Kg. 2:111015-1013 Ishbotheth (Saul’s son)2 years as ruler over Israel (not including Judah), 2 Sam. 2:10975975-935Solomon, 40 years as king, 1 Kg. 11:42972935972 ‒ Beginning of the construction ofSolomon’s temple935 ‒ Death of Solomon and Division of the Kingdom* Jeroboam leads rebellion of northern 10 tribes of Israelf13

OLD TESTAMENTTHE DIVIDED ophets–IsraelIsrael935-918Rehoboam, 17 years935-913Jeroboam, 22 years917-915 Abijam, 3 years914-874Asa, 41 years913-912 Nadab, 2 years912-889Baasha, 24 years889-888 Elah, 2 years888 Zimri, 7 days889/888888-883, 6 yearsCivil War between Omri/Tibni888-877Omri, 12 years877877-856Ahab, 22 years874Elijah’s Ministry874-850Jehoshaphat, 25 yearsElisha’sMinistry858856858-857Ahaziah, 2 years14

OLD TESTAMENTTHE DIVIDED elIsrael874-850 Jehoshaphat857-846Jehoram, 12 years853Elijah’sMinistry853-846 Jehoram, 8 years850847/846846 Ahaziah, 1 year845-840Athaliah (queen), 6 years846-819Jehu, 28 years840840-801Joash, 40 yearsElisha’sMinistry818818-802Jehoahaz, 17 years804/803801804-789 Jehoash, 16 years803-775 Amaziah, 29 years801-761Jeroboam II, 41 years798798-747Uzziah, 52 years78915

OLD TESTAMENTTHE DIVIDED ��Israel801-761Jeroboam II, 41 years803-775Amaziah, 29 yearsAmosJonahHosea775798-747Uzziah, 52 yearsJoel761 Zachariah, 6 months760 Shallum, 1 month761/760760-750Menham, 10 years750749748750-749 Pekahiah, 2 years748-733Jotham, 16 years749-730Pekah, 20 yearsIsaiahMicah740730 ‒ 1 partial Assyrian exile ofcertain tribes of Israelg733730740-724Ahaz, 16 years730-722Hoshea, 9 years727724722st727-698Hezekiah, 29 years722 ‒ 2 and final Assyrian exileof all the northern ten tribes of Israelh16nd

OLD TESTAMENTTHE DIVIDED KINGDOMf.Division of the KingdomDue to Solomon’s apostasy at end of his reign (1 Kg. 11:1-8), God chose to take away the kingdom from Solomon’sposterity. However due to God’s faithfulness to His servant David, God allows Solomon’s seed (his son, Rehoboam) tomaintain one tribe of Judah (1 Kg. 11:12-13). Eventually, the tribe of Benjamin sides with Judah (1 Kg. 12:21), andthere are two tribes comprising the southern kingdom. God raises up a mighty man of valour in Solomon’s own army,Jeroboam (of the tribe of Ephraim), to start the revolt upon the death of Solomon (see all of 1 Kg. 11-14 forcircumstances leading to the revolt and aftermath). So the unified kingdom of Israel is now split into two kingdomsupon the death of Solomon in 935:1)Judah (Southern Kingdom) Comprised of the 2 southern tribes of Israel, Judah and Benjamin Followed the leadership of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, at the division of the kingdom Capital was Jerusalem (also referred to by its capital Jerusalem, or even Zion/Mount Zion)2)Israel (Northern Kingdom) Comprised of the northern ten tribes of Israel, excluding Judah and Benjamin Also referred to as Ephraim, after its largest tribe and tribe of its founder, Jeroboam Followed the leadership of Jeroboam at the division of the kingdom Capital was Samaria (also referred to as Samaria too)The division of Israel into two separate kingdoms is a very important event to understand what takes place with thechildren of Israel from this point forward. Whereas, all twelve tribes were oftentimes addressed as “Israel” up until 935,now only the northern ten tribes are referred to as “Israel/Samaria/Ephraim”, whereas the other two tribes are nowtypically addressed as “Judah/Jerusalem”, with each having separate kings and leadership.Two Exiles of Israelg.st730 – 1 partial Assyrian exile of IsraelTiglathpileser, king of Assyria, takes some, but not all, of the northern tribes into captivity and carried them back toAssyria in his first successful invasion in 730. He conquers the tribes of Reuben, Gad, Manasseh (1 Chr. 5:25-26),many towns in Dan, and all of Naphtali (2 Kg. 15:29), and then subsequently takes them back into captivity.This date assumes that Pekah, then the king of Israel, was killed by a domestic conspiracy as a result of his lost battleswith Assyria, and Hoshea takes over essentially at the same time, since the conspiracy that killed Pekah is addressedin the verse immediately following the captivity (2 Kg. 15:29 & 30)h.722 – 2ndand final Assyrian exile of all the northern tribes of IsraelIsrael’s capital city of Samaria was besieged by Assyria for 3 years before it fell (2 Kg. 17:5). Finally, Shalmaneser,king of Assyria, breached Samaria and carried all of Israel’s tribes captive into Assyria, into the cities of the Medes (2ththKg. 17:6). This final exile of Israel occurred in the 9 year of Hosea (king of Israel), and 6 year of Hezekiah (king ofJudah). The causes of the captivity are provided right after the description of the captivity, in 2 Kg. 17:7-23 (18:12), inwhich they never departed from the false idol worship established by the founder of the northern kingdom, Jeroboam.No return to their land was promised unto the northern ten tribes of Israel, as a return was promised to the kingdom ofJudah. One of the great mysteries of ancient history is the outcome of the “lost ten tribes of Israel”, but the Bible issilent regarding their fate after their foreign exile to Assyria.17

OLD TESTAMENTTHE LAST DAYS OF JUDAHYear722JudahProphets–JudahProphecies to the Gentile Nations727-698Hezekiah, 29 yearsMicahIsaiah697697-643Manasseh, 55 years642640642-641 Amon, 2 years640-610Josiah, 31 yearsZephaniahNahum627Jeremiah610609609 Jehoahaz, 3 months18 780 ‒ Jonah (to Nineveh) 630 ‒ Nahum (to Nineveh) 586 ‒ Obadiah (to Edom)

OLD TESTAMENTBABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY OF JUDAHYear609JudahProphets–Judah609-598Jehoiakim, 11 yearsBabylonian EmpireJeremiahHabakkuk605iDaniel597605 ‒ 1 Babylonian exileof Judah (including Daniel)605-561Nebuchadne

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