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TERROR INT H E DA R KHOW TERRORISTS USE ENCRYPTION,THE DARKNET, ANDCRYPTOCURRENCIESNikita Malik
“ This report is a remarkable contribution to theliterature on the use of the Darknet by criminalsand terrorists. While the first decade of thecentury was defined by the battle againstjihadist ‘safe havens’ – physically located inAfghanistan, North West Pakistan, Yemen,Islamic State, and so on -- this report drawsattention to the possible rise of ‘virtual safehavens’: encrypted communication channels,hidden portions of the internet, cryptocurrencyaccounts that are not registered with any banks,and more. While there is no doubt that thesenew technologies can provide a huge socialbenefit, this report outlines recommendationsto ensure that this benefit is not used to theadvantage of criminals and terrorists.”The Rt Hon. the Lord Trimble,former First Minister of Northern Ireland andmember of the National Security StrategyJoint Committee“ This is a deeply disturbing report, illustratinghow extremist content and instructional terroristmaterial, as well as funding campaigns to raisemoney for terrorist groups, can be found on theinternet – with varying degrees of accessibility.It brings into the light of day things we may wellhave heard about, material we may even thinkwe know about. And it reveals just how ignorantwe are. The author has laid bare by hermeticulous research matters that threaten ourdomestic, social and national life. This reportstresses that UK regulation must be createdspecifically for auditing the internet, in whichtransparency and accountability can beguaranteed. This can be achieved througheither internal supervisory powers, or anexternal supervisory body. It is about time weaddress these issues, and the Governmentshould carefully consider the recommendationsmade within this welcome report.”The Lord Griffiths of Burry Port,Shadow Spokesperson in the Lords for Digital,Culture, Media and Sport.
TERROR INTHE DARKHOW TERRORISTS USE ENCRYPTION,THE DARKNET, ANDCRYPTOCURRENCIESNikita MalikWith Research Assistance from Ojima Salifu and Arthur Bradley
“TERROR IN THE DARK”Published in 2018 by The Henry Jackson SocietyThe Henry Jackson SocietyMillbank Tower21-24 MillbankLondon SW1P 4QPRegistered charity no. 1140489Tel: 44 (0)20 7340 4520www.henryjacksonsociety.org The Henry Jackson Society, 2018All rights reservedThe views expressed in this publication are those of the author and are not necessarilyindicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees.Title: “Terror in the Dark: How Terrorists use Encryption,the Darknet, and Cryptocurrencies”By Nikita MalikISBN 978-1-909035-45-4 9.95 where soldi
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“TERROR IN THE DARK”PageChapter 4: Cryptocurrency37Conclusions and Policy Recommendations45The Hawala Payment SystemExample: Hawala PaymentsCase Study: The Merits of Cryptocurrencies and Distributed Ledger TechnologyThe Bitcoin Payment SystemMaterial SupportIslamic StateOther Terrorist OrganisationsHow Anonymous is Bitcoin?New Technological Advancements1. Technology companies should create a self-regulatory system to remove andaudit extremist content, and release publicly available annual reports outliningtheir efforts in this space.2. The British government should create an Internet Regulation Body.3. More resources should be dedicated to the Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre(JTAC) to build intelligence capital on the Darknet.4. Social media companies should work with law enforcement to ensure thatextremist material is not simply removed, but archived effectively to understandpatterns of behaviour.37373839404041424345464747AppendixI. Extremist Content on Search Indexes (Surface Web) using Case Study:Tower Hamlets v. B.249
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