Transcription
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and PhysicsEditor-in-ChiefDavid R. LideFormer Director, Standard Reference DataNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyEditorial Advisory BoardGrace BaysingerSwain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering LibraryStanford UniversityStanford, CA 94305-5080Lev I. BergerCalifornia Institute of Electronics and Materials Science2115 Flame Tree WayHemet, CA 92545Robert N. GoldbergBiotechnology DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD 20899Henry V. KehiaianITODYSUniversity of Paris VII1, rue Guy de la Brosse75005 Paris, FranceKozo KuchitsuDepartment of ChemistryJosai University,Sakado 350-0295, JapanGerd Rosenblatt1177 Miller AvenueBerkeley, CA 94708Dana L. RothMillikan Library / Caltech 1-321200 E. California Blvd.Pasadena, CA 91125Daniel ZwillingerMathematics DepartmentRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, NY 12180
PREFACEThe 87th Edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics continues the overall philosophyof this work, namely, to provide broad coverage of all types of physical science data commonly encounteredby scientists and engineers. Notwithstanding the growing availability of specialized databases on theInternet, we feel there is still a need for a concise, reliable reference source spanning the full range of thephysical sciences and focusing on key data that are frequently needed by R&D professionals, engineers, andstudents. The CRC Handbook, in its print, CD-ROM, and Internet formats, is aimed at serving these needs.The data contained in the Handbook have been carefully evaluated by experts in each field; quality controlis a high priority and the sources are documented. The annual updates make it possible to add new andbetter data in a timely fashion. In this way we hope to continue the role of the CRC Handbook as a uniquereference source.Among the changes in the 87th Edition are major revisions of four heavily used tables: Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds has been completely updated, and the number of compoundshas been increased by 20%. Bond Dissociation Energies has been updated with results from the latest literature, and the coverage hasbeen expanded to include organometallics, low molecular weight biochemical compounds, and positive ions.The total number of chemical bonds covered is now 4193, as compared to 2579 in the 86th Edition. Table of the Isotopes, the comprehensive listing of the energies and radiation properties of all knownisotopes, has been brought up to date with results from the literature up to the beginning of 2006. Thisdefinitive compilation now includes over 4500 individual isotopes. Scientific Abbreviations and Symbols has been expanded to about 1100 entries and includes moreacronyms from quantum chemistry and abbreviations for chemicals of environmental interest.Fourteen other tables have been updated. Of particular note are two tables based on very recentIUPAC recommendations: Standard Atomic Weights (2005) and Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions andLigands. There is also a new table on Specific Enthalpies of Solution of Polymers and Copolymers.In addition to offering the full text of the print edition in searchable pdf format, the Internet versionpresents the major tables of numerical data in the form of interactive tables that can be sorted, filtered, andcombined in various ways. Substances in these tables can be retrieved by searching on name, formula, orCAS Registry Number, and such a search can be combined with a request for a desired property. Thus onecan request a specific property of a specific substance and receive a customized table with exactly thatinformation. Inverse searches can also be done, in which one asks for all substances that have a set ofproperties falling within specified ranges.The Editor appreciates suggestions on new topics for the Handbook and notification of any errors.Comments on the search software are also welcomed. Address all comments to Editor-in-Chief, CRCHandbook of Chemistry and Physics, Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300,Boca Raton, FL 33487. Comments may also be sent by electronic mail to drlide@post.harvard.edu.The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is dependent on the efforts of many contributorsthroughout the world. The list of current contributors follows this Preface. Valuable suggestions have beenreceived from the Editorial Advisory Board and from many users. The assistance and support of Dr. FionaMacdonald is greatly appreciated. Finally, I want to thank Ronel Decius and Robert Morris of Taylor &Francis for their excellent work in developing the programs for the Internet version.David R. LideJune 2006The 87th Edition is dedicated to the memory of Elizabeth G. Breen, 1916-2005
How To Cite this ReferenceThe recommended form of citation is: David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,Internet Version 2007, (87th Edition), http:/www.hbcpnetbase.com , Taylor and Francis, BocaRaton, FL, 2007. If a specific table is cited, use the format: "Physical Constants of OrganicCompounds", in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2007, (87th Edition),David R. Lide, ed., Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.This work contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety ofreferences are listed. Best efforts have been made to select and verify the data on the basis ofsound scientific judgment, but the author and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for thevalidity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Copyright Taylor and Francis Group LLC 2007
CURRENT CONTRIBUTORSRobert A. AlbertyDepartment of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02139J. Alistair KerrSchool of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B 15 2TT EnglandLev I. BergerCalifornia Institute of Electronics andMaterials Science2115 Flame Tree WayHemet, California 92545William H. KoppenolDept CHABLab. f. Anorg. Chemie, HCI H211Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10ETH HönggerbergCH-8093 Zürich, SwitzerlandA. K. CovingtonDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RUEnglandK. FischerLTP GmbHOppelner Strasse 12D-26135 Oldenburg, GermanyJean-Claude FontaineITODYSCNRS, University of Paris VII1 rue Guy de la Brosse75005 Paris, FranceJ. R. FuhrAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899J. GmehlingUniversität OldenburgFakultät V, Technische ChemieD-26111 Oldenburg, GermanyRobert N. GoldbergBiotechnology DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Norman E. HoldenNational Nuclear Data CenterBrookhaven National LaboratoryUpton, New York 11973Henry V. KehiaianITODYSUniversity of Paris VII1 rue Guy de la Brosse75005 Paris, FranceJ. KrafczykDDBST GmbHIndustriestrasse 1D-26121 Oldenburg, GermanyFrank J. Lovas8616 Melwood Rd.Bethesda, Maryland 20817Yu-Ran LuoCollege of Marine ScienceUniversity of South Florida140 7th Ave. SouthSt. Petersburg, Florida 33701Joseph ReaderAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Paul A. Redhead1958 Norway CrescentOttawa, Ontario K1H 5N7CanadaLewis E. SnyderAstronomy DepartmentUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801Barry N. TaylorPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Petr VanýsekDepartment of ChemistryNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, Illinois 60115William C. MartinAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Wolfgang L. WieseAtomic Physics DivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899J. MenkeDDBST GmbHIndustriestrasse 1D-26121 Oldenburg, GermanyChristian WohlfarthMartin Luther UniversityInstitute of Physical ChemistryMühlpforte 106108 Halle (Saale), GermanyThomas M. MillerAir Force Research Laboratory/VSBP29 Randolph Rd.Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010Peter J. MohrPhysics LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Cedric J. PowellSurface and Microanalysis ScienceDivisionNational Institute of Standards andTechnologyGaithersburg, Maryland 20899Daniel ZwillingerMathematics DepartmentRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, New York 12180Piotr ZylaParticle Data GroupLawrence Berkeley LaboratoryBerkeley, California 94720
'6/%".&/5"- 1):4* "- 0/45"/541FUFS .PIS BOE #BSSZ / 5BZMPS5IFTF UBCMFT HJWF UIF TFMG DPOTJTUFOU TFU PG WBMVFT PG UIF CB TJD DPOTUBOUT BOE DPOWFSTJPO GBDUPST PG QIZTJDT BOE DIFNJTUSZ SFD PNNFOEFE CZ UIF PNNJUUFF PO %BUB GPS 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ 0%"5" GPS JOUFSOBUJPOBM VTF 5IF TFU SFQMBDFT UIF QSF WJPVTMZ SFDPNNFOEFE 0%"5" TFU 5IF BEKVTUNFOU UBLFT JOUP BDDPVOU UIF EBUB DPOTJEFSFE JO UIF BEKVTUNFOU BT XFMM BT UIF EBUB UIBU CFDBNF BWBJMBCMF CFUXFFO %FDFNCFS UIF DMPTJOH EBUF PG UIBU BEKVTUNFOU BOE %FDFNCFS UIF DMPTJOH EBUF PG UIF OFX BEKVTUNFOU 5IJT SFQPSU XBT QSFQBSFE CZ UIF BVUIPST VOEFS UIF BVTQJDFT PG UIF 0%"5" 5BTL (SPVQ PO 'VOEBNFOUBM POTUBOUT 5IF NFN CFST PG UIF 5BTL (SPVQ BSF ' BCJBUJ *TUJUVUP &MFUUSPUFDOJDP /B[JPOBMF i(BMJMFP 'FSSBSJT w *UBMZ & 3 PIFO 4DJFODF FOUFS 3PDLXFMM *OUFSOBUJPOBM SFUJSFE 6OJUFE 4UBUFT PG "NFSJDB , 'VKJJ /BUJPOBM .FUSPMPHZ *OTUJUVUF PG BQBO BQBO 4 ( ,BSTIFOCPJN % * .FOEFMFZFW "MM 3VTTJBO 3FTFBSDI *OTUJUVUF GPS .FUSPMPHZ 3VTTJBO 'FEFSBUJPO * -JOEHSFO IBMNFST 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 5FDIOPMPHZ BOE (ÚUFCPSH 6OJWFSTJUZ 4XFEFO # " .BNZSJO " ' *PGGF 1IZTJDBM 5FDIOJDBM *OTUJUVUF 3VTTJBO 'FEFSBUJPO 8 .BSUJFOTTFO PIBOO 8PMGHBOH (PFUIF 6OJWFSTJUÊU (FSNBOZ 1 .PIS /BUJPOBM *OTUJUVUF PG 4UBOEBSET BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ 6OJUFE 4UBUFT PG "NFSJDB ' /F[ -BCPSBUPJSF ,BTUMFS #SPTTFM 'SBODF # 8 1FUMFZ /BUJPOBM 1IZTJDBM -BCPSBUPSZ 6OJUFE ,JOHEPN 5 2VJOO #VSFBV *OUFSOBUJPOBM EFT 1PJET FU .FTVSFT # / 5BZMPS /BUJPOBM *OTUJUVUF PG 4UBOEBSET BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ 6OJUFE 4UBUFT PG "NFSJDB 8 8Ú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ȮFMFNFOUBSZ DIBSHFNBHOFUJD GMVY RVBOUVN I FDPOEVDUBODF RVBOUVN F IFMFDUSPO NBTTQSPUPO NBTTQSPUPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPGJOF TUSVDUVSF DPOTUBOU F ȮȤ ǎDJOWFSTF GJOF TUSVDUVSF DPOTUBOU3ZECFSH DPOTUBOU Ƞ NFD I"WPHBESP DPOTUBOU'BSBEBZ DPOTUBOU /"FNPMBS HBT DPOTUBOU#PMU[NBOO DPOTUBOU 3 /"4UFGBO #PMU[NBOO DPOTUBOU Ȯ L ǎ D /PO 4* VOJUT BDDFQUFE GPS VTF XJUI UIF 4*FMFDUSPO WPMU F VOJGJFE BUPNJD NBTT VOJU V NV N o LH NPMo /" 4ZNCPM /VNFSJDBM WBMVFD D Ȯ o y o Ȥ y o ( o I o ǎ o F o ȳ o ( o NF o NQ o NQ NF Ƞ o Ƞo 3ʺ /" - ' 3 L o Ȱ o F7V o o No NPMo NPMo NPMo ,o ,o 8 No ,o 3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VSFYBDU FYBDU FYBDU o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o LH o o 6OJUN To / "o / "o ' No N LHo To T T 8C4LHLH
'VOEBNFOUBM 1IZTJDBM POTUBOUT 5"#-& ** 5IF 0%"5" 3FDPNNFOEFE 7BMVFT PG UIF 'VOEBNFOUBM POTUBOUT PG 1IZTJDT BOE IFNJTUSZ #BTFE PO UIF "EKVTUNFOU3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS2VBOUJUZ6OJWFSTBMTQFFE PG MJHIU JO WBDVVNNBHOFUJD DPOTUBOU4ZNCPM/VNFSJDBM WBMVF6OJUD D FMFDUSJD DPOTUBOU D Ȥ Ȯ o y o y N To / "o / "o ' No DIBSBDUFSJTUJD JNQFEBODF PG WBDVVN M E M D/FXUPOJBO DPOTUBOU PG HSBWJUBUJPO; (( ǎDIN151M1U1 y o o o o o o o o o ȖN LHo To (F7 D o TF7 T TF7 T.F7 GNLH,NTFYBDU o o o o o o o o o o o FF Iȳ ( o o " o 8C4 o o o o ( Ȗ)[ 7o Ȗ 5o F7 5o )[ 5o No 5o , 5o 5o F7 5o .)[ 5o No 5o , 5o o o o o o o o o o o o o o No )[ F7N F7N To N To o o o o o o o o o o o (F7o o 1MBODL DPOTUBOU JO F7 T I Ȯ JO F7 T ǎD JO .F7 GN1MBODL NBTT ǎD ( 1MBODL UFNQFSBUVSF ǎD ( L 1MBODL MFOHUI ǎ N1D ǎ( D 1MBODL UJNF M1 D ǎ( D ǎ&MFDUSPNBHOFUJDFMFNFOUBSZ DIBSHFNBHOFUJD GMVY RVBOUVN I FDPOEVDUBODF RVBOUVN F I JOWFSTF PG DPOEVDUBODF RVBOUVN PTFQITPO DPOTUBOU F IWPO ,MJU[JOH DPOTUBOU I F D Ƞ#PIS NBHOFUPO Fǎ NF JO F7 5o , 3, # # I # IDϕ# Lϕ/OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO Fǎ N1 JO F7 5o ϕ/ Iϕ/ ID / L FYBDU FYBDU FYBDU "UPNJD BOE /VDMFBS(FOFSBM'JOF TUSVDUVSF DPOTUBOU F ȮȤ ǎD JOWFSTF GJOF TUSVDUVSF DPOTUBOU3ZECFSH DPOTUBOU Ƞ NFD IȠȠo 3ʺ3ʺD3ʺID 3ʺID JO F7#PIS SBEJVT Ƞ Ȯ3ʺ ȮȤ ǎ NFF )BSUSFF FOFSHZ F ȮȤ B 3ʺID Ƞ NFD JO F7RVBOUVN PG DJSDVMBUJPOB &II NFI NF&MFDUSPXFBL'FSNJ DPVQMJOH DPOTUBOU XFBL NJYJOH BOHMF ȧ8 PO TIFMM TDIFNF TJO Q 8 T8 y &MFDUSPO FoFMFDUSPO NBTT JO V NF "S F V FMFDUSPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V N8(' ǎDN; TJO ȧ8 NF o LHV o o
'VOEBNFOUBM 1IZTJDBM POTUBOUT 2VBOUJUZ FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7 FMFDUSPO NVPO NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO UBV NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO OFVUSPO NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO EFVUFSPO NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO UP BMQIB QBSUJDMF NBTT SBUJPFMFDUSPO DIBSHF UP NBTT RVPUJFOUFMFDUSPO NPMBS NBTT /"NF PNQUPO XBWFMFOHUI I NFD Ȫ Ȯ ȠB Ƞ Ȯ3ʺDMBTTJDBM FMFDUSPO SBEJVT Ƞ B 5IPNTPO DSPTT TFDUJPO P SFFMFDUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPFMFDUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU BOPNBMZ ]ϕF] ϕ# FMFDUSPO H GBDUPS BFFMFDUSPO NVPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPFMFDUSPO QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP FMFDUSPO UP TIJFMEFE QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP ) 0 TQIFSF ¡ FMFDUSPO OFVUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPFMFDUSPO EFVUFSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPFMFDUSPO UP TIJFMEFE IFMJPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP HBT TQIFSF ¡ FMFDUSPO HZSPNBHOFUJD SBUJP ] F] ǎ.VPO ћ NVPO NBTT JO V Nϕ "S ϕ V NVPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7NVPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPNVPO UBV NBTT SBUJPNVPO QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPNVPO OFVUSPO NBTT SBUJPNVPO NPMBS NBTT /"N NVPO PNQUPO XBWFMFOHUI I N D Ȫ ȮNVPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPNVPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU BOPNBMZ ] ] Fǎ N o NVPO H GBDUPS o Ƞ NVPO QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP /VNFSJDBM WBMVF LHo LH NPMo N3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS o o o o o o o o o o o SF NN o o ȰF F F # F /BFHF F F Q N 5o o o o o o o o o F O F EM F M Qa ȢFȢF ȮM F M Ia Nϕ LHV .F7LHV .F74ZNCPMNFD NF NϕNF NȱNF NQNF NONF NENF NȠ F NF. F .FȪ NϕD N NFN NȱN NQN NO. . Ȫ # /Ƞ H Q5BV ȱoUBV NBTT JO V Nȱ "S ȱ V UBV SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7UBV FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPUBV NVPO NBTT SBUJPUBV QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPUBV OFVUSPO NBTT SBUJPUBV NPMBS NBTT /"NȱUBV PNQUPO XBWFMFOHUI I NȱDNȱ NFNȱ N Nȱ NQNȱ NO. ȱ .ȱȪ ȱ Ȫ ȱ Ȯ ȱ NȱNȱD 6OJU .F7 o o o To 5o .)[ 5o LH NPMo NN 5o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o LH NPMo N o o o o o o o o o o N o
'VOEBNFOUBM 1IZTJDBM POTUBOUT 2VBOUJUZ3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS4ZNCPM/VNFSJDBM WBMVF6OJUNQ LHV .F7M 2a 5o UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJPM 2a M # o UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPM 2a M / o QSPUPO NBHOFUJD TIJFMEJOH DPSSFDUJPO M 2a M 2 ) 0 TQIFSF ¡ QSPUPO HZSPNBHOFUJD SBUJP ȏ ǎS 2a1SPUPO QQSPUPO NBTT JO V NQ "S Q V QSPUPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7QSPUPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPQSPUPO NVPO NBTT SBUJPQSPUPO UBV NBTT SBUJPQSPUPO OFVUSPO NBTT SBUJPQSPUPO DIBSHF UP NBTT RVPUJFOUQSPUPO NPMBS NBTT /"NQQSPUPO PNQUPO XBWFMFOHUI I NQD Ȫ Q ȮQSPUPO SNT DIBSHF SBEJVTQSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPQSPUPO H GBDUPS Q /QSPUPO OFVUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPTIJFMEFE QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU ) 0 TQIFSF ¡ TIJFMEFE QSPUPO HZSPNBHOFUJD SBUJP }1 ʥ ) 0 TQIFSF ¡ /FVUSPO OOFVUSPO NBTT JO V NO "S O V OFVUSPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7OFVUSPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPOFVUSPO NVPO NBTT SBUJPOFVUSPO UBV NBTT SBUJPOFVUSPO QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPOFVUSPO NPMBS NBTT /"NOOFVUSPO PNQUPO XBWFMFOHUI I NOD Ȫ O ȮOFVUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPOFVUSPO H GBDUPS O /OFVUSPO FMFDUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPOFVUSPO QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPOFVUSPO UP TIJFMEFE QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP ) 0 TQIFSF ¡ OFVUSPO HZSPNBHOFUJD SBUJP ] O] ǎ%FVUFSPO EEFVUFSPO NBTT JO V NE "S E V EFVUFSPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7EFVUFSPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPEFVUFSPO QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPEFVUFSPO NPMBS NBTT /"NEEFVUFSPO SNT DIBSHF SBEJVTNQD NQ NFNQ N NQ NȱNQ NOF NQ. Q .QȪ Q 13Q Q Q # Q /HQ Q O LHo LH NPMo NNN 5o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o T 5.)[ 5o o o o G 2a To 5o o G 2a P .)[ 5 o NONO NFNO N NO NȱNO NQ. O .OȪ O O O O # O /HO O F O Q LHV .F7 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ȢOȢO ȮM O M 2a NE ȢȏȢȏ ȮNOD NED NE NFNE NQ. E .E3Eo o o LH NPMo NN 5o To 5o .)[ 5o LHV .F7LH NPMo N o o o o o o o o o o o
'VOEBNFOUBM 1IZTJDBM POTUBOUT 2VBOUJUZEFVUFSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPEFVUFSPO FMFDUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPEFVUFSPO QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJPEFVUFSPO OFVUSPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP)FMJPO IIFMJPO NBTT JO V NI "S I V IFMJPO SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7IFMJPO FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPIFMJPO QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPIFMJPO NPMBS NBTT /"NITIJFMEFE IFMJPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU HBT TQIFSF ¡ UP #PIS NBHOFUPO SBUJP UP OVDMFBS NBHOFUPO SBUJPTIJFMEFE IFMJPO UP QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP HBT TQIFSF ¡ TIJFMEFE IFMJPO UP TIJFMEFE QSPUPO NBHOFUJD NPNFOU SBUJP HBT ) 0 TQIFSFT ¡ TIJFMEFE IFMJPO HZSPNBHOFUJD SBUJP ] }I]ʥ HBT TQIFSF ¡ "MQIB QBSUJDMF ȠBMQIB QBSUJDMF NBTT JO V NȠ "S Ƞ V BMQIB QBSUJDMF SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT UJNFT V FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7BMQIB QBSUJDMF UP FMFDUSPO NBTT SBUJPBMQIB QBSUJDMF UP QSPUPO NBTT SBUJPBMQIB QBSUJDMF NPMBS NBTT /"NȠ1IZTJDP IFNJDBM"WPHBESP DPOTUBOUBUPNJD NBTT DPOTUBOU NV N V o LH NPMo /" FOFSHZ FRVJWBMFOU JO .F7'BSBEBZ DPOTUBOU /"FNPMBS 1MBODL DPOTUBOUNPMBS HBT DPOTUBOU#PMU[NBOO DPOTUBOU 3 /" JO F7 , NPMBS WPMVNF PG JEFBM HBT 35 Q5 , Q L1B-PTDINJEU DPOTUBOU /" 7N5 , Q L1B4BDLVS 5FUSPEF DPOTUBOU BCTPMVUF FOUSPQZ DPOTUBOU MO ȮNVL5 I L5 Q 5 , Q L1B 5 , Q L1B4UFGBO #PMU[NBOO DPOTUBOU Ȯ L ǎ D GJSTU SBEJBUJPO DPOTUBOU ȮID GJSTU SBEJBUJPO DPOTUBOU GPS TQFDUSBM SBEJBODF ID TFDPOE SBEJBUJPO DPOTUBOU ID L8JFO EJTQMBDFNFOU MBX DPOTUBOU C ȪNBY5 D y 3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS o o o o o o 4ZNCPM E E # E / E F E Q E O/VNFSJDBM WBMVF 6OJU 5o NI LHV .F7LH NPMo o o o o o o o 5o o NID NI NFNI NQ. I .IM IaM Ia M #M Ia M /M Ia M 2M Ia M 2aG Ia o o o o T 5 o .)[ 5o o LHV .F7 o o o o o o o L IL ID NPMo LH .F7 NPMo T NPMo N NPMo NPMo ,o ,o F7 ,o )[ ,o No ,o 7NO 7N N NPMo No N NPMo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 4 3 8 No ,o 8 N 8 N TSo N ,N , o o o o o o o G Ia PNȠNȠD NȠ NFNȠ NQ. Ƞ .Ƞ/" NVNVD '/"I/"ID3LȰD D D C o o LH NPMo
'VOEBNFOUBM 1IZTJDBM POTUBOUT 4FF UIF i"EPQUFE WBMVFTw UBCMF GPS UIF DPOWFOUJPOBM WBMVF BEPQUFE JOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ GPS SFBMJ[JOH SFQSFTFOUBUJPOT PG UIF WPMU VTJOH UIF PTFQITPO FGGFDU 4FF UIF i"EPQUFE WBMVFTw UBCMF GPS UIF DPOWFOUJPOBM WBMVF BEPQUFE JOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ GPS SFBMJ[JOH SFQSFTFOUBUJPOT PG UIF PIN VTJOH UIF RVBOUVN )BMM FGGFDU 7BMVF SFDPNNFOEFE CZ UIF 1BSUJDMF %BUB (SPVQ )BHJXBSB FU BM #BTFE PO UIF SBUJP PG UIF NBTTFT PG UIF 8 BOE ; CPTPOT N8 N; SFDPNNFOEFE CZ UIF 1BSUJDMF %BUB (SPVQ )BHJXBSB FU BM 5IF WBMVF GPS TJO ȧ8 UIFZ SFDPNNFOE XIJDI JT CBTFE PO B QBSUJDVMBS WBSJBOU PG UIF NPEJGJFE NJOJNBM TVCUSBDUJPO .4 TDIFNF JT TJO Q 8 .; ϰ 5IF IFMJPO TZNCPM I JT UIF OVDMFVT PG UIF )F BUPN 5IJT BOE BMM PUIFS WBMVFT JOWPMWJOH Nȱ BSF CBTFE PO UIF WBMVF PG NȱD JO .F7 SFDPNNFOEFE CZ UIF 1BSUJDMF %BUB (SPVQ )BHJXBSB FU BM CVU XJUI B TUBOEBSE VODFSUBJOUZ PG .F7 SBUIFS UIBO UIF RVPUFE VODFSUBJOUZ PG o .F7 .F7 5IF OVNFSJDBM WBMVF PG ' UP CF VTFE JO DPVMPNFUSJD DIFNJDBM NFBTVSFNFOUT JT o XIFO UIF SFMFWBOU DVSSFOU JT NFBTVSFE JO UFSNT PG SFQSFTFOUB UJPOT PG UIF WPMU BOE PIN CBTFE PO UIF PTFQITPO BOE RVBOUVN )BMM FGGFDUT BOE UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ BEPQUFE DPOWFOUJPOBM WBMVFT PG UIF PTFQITPO BOE WPO ,MJU[JOH DPOTUBOUT , o BOE 3, o HJWFO JO UIF i"EPQUFE WBMVFTw UBCMF 5IF FOUSPQZ PG BO JEFBM NPOPBUPNJD HBT PG SFMBUJWF BUPNJD NBTT "S JT HJWFO CZ 4 4 3 MO "S o 3 MO Q Q 3 MO 5 , 5"#-& *** *OUFSOBUJPOBMMZ "EPQUFE 7BMVFT PG 7BSJPVT 2VBOUJUJFT2VBOUJUZNPMBS NBTT PG NPMBS NBTT DPOTUBOU . DPOWFOUJPOBM WBMVF PG PTFQITPO DPOTUBOUDPOWFOUJPOBM WBMVF PG WPO ,MJU[JOH DPOTUBOUTUBOEBSE BUNPTQIFSFTUBOEBSE BDDFMFSBUJPO PG HSBWJUZ4ZNCPM. .V, o 3, o HO/VNFSJDBM WBMVF o o 6OJULH NPMo LH NPMo ()[ 7o Ȗ1BN To 3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS FYBDU FYBDU FYBDU FYBDU FYBDU FYBDU 5"#-& *7 5IF 7BMVFT PG 4PNF &OFSHZ &RVJWBMFOUT %FSJWFE 'SPN UIF 3FMBUJPOT & ND ID Ȫ IW L5 BOE #BTFE PO UIF 0%"5" "EKVTUNFOU PG UIF 7BMVFT PG UIF POTUBOUT F7 F V NV N o LH NPMo /" BOE &I 3ʺID Ƞ NFD JT UIF )BSUSFF &OFSHZ IBSUSFF LH LH D No N ID )[ )[ I , F7 , L F7 V V D &I &I 3FMFWBOU VOJULHNo D LH ID N LH LH LH D I N N I D N N LH )[ I D )[ D N LH , L D LH , L ID N F7 D F7 ID LH N V LH V D I N &I D &I ID LH N )[ I )[ LH D I )[ N D )[ )[ )[ , L I )[ F7 I )[ V D I )[ &I I )[5"#-& 7 5IF 7BMVFT PG 4PNF &OFSHZ &RVJWBMFOUT %FSJWFE 'SPN UIF 3FMBUJPOT & ND ID Ȫ IW L5 BOE #BTFE PO UIF 0%"5" "EKVTUNFOU PG UIF 7BMVFT PG UIF POTUBOUT F7 F V NV N o LH NPMo /" BOE &I 3ʺID Ƞ NFD JT UIF )BSUSFF &OFSHZ IBSUSFF , F7, L , LH D L , N ID L , )[ I L , , , F7 L , V &I V D L , &I L , LH No )[3FMFWBOU VOJUF7V F7 D V LH D F7 LH V N ID N I D F7 V )[ I )[ I D F7 V , L F7 , L D V F7 F7 F7 D V V D F7 V V &I F7 &I D V& I &I LH D &I N ID &I )[ I &I , L &I F7 &I V D &I &I &I
'6/%".&/5"- 1):4* "- 0/45"/54 ͫ '3&26&/5-: 64&% 0/45"/542VBOUJUZ4ZNCPMTQFFE PG MJHIU JO WBDVVND D N NBHOFUJD DPOTUBOU7BMVF6OJU3FMBUJWF TUE VODFSU VS N To FYBDU Ȯ t o / "o y t o / "o FYBDUF
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Editor-in-Chief David R. Lide Former Director, Standard Reference Data National Institute of Standards and Technology Editorial Advisory Board Grace Baysinger Swain Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Library
