Transcription
Worldwide PersonalTax and ImmigrationGuide2020–21
PrefaceGovernments worldwide continue to reform their tax codes at ahistorically rapid rate. Taxpayers need a current guide, such as theWorldwide Personal Tax and Immigration Guide, in such a shiftingtax landscape, especially if they are contemplating new markets.The content is straightforward. Chapter by chapter, from Albaniato Zimbabwe, we summarize personal tax systems andimmigration rules in more than 160 jurisdictions. The content iscurrent on 1 July 2020, with exceptions noted. Only some of thechapters in this Tax Guide reflect COVID-19 tax policy measures. For the latest developments, access the EY Tax COVID-19Response Tracker here. The United Kingdom (UK) chapter andseveral other chapters in the guide refer to Brexit. However, onlythe UK chapter discusses the Trade and Cooperation Agreementbetween the UK and European Union, which was reached on 24December 2020. The other chapters referring to Brexit were written before this agreement was reached. Readers should obtainupdated information regarding Brexit before taking actions.Each chapter begins with our in-country executive and immigrationcontact information, and some jurisdictions add contacts from ourPrivate Client Services practice. Then we lay out the essential factsabout the jurisdiction’s personal taxes. We start with the personalincome tax, explaining who is liable for tax and, at some length,what types of income are considered taxable and which rates,deductions and credits apply. A section on other taxes varies byjurisdiction but often includes estate, inheritance, gift and real estatetaxes. A social security section covers payments for publiclyprovided health, pensions and other social benefits, followed bysections on tax filing and payment procedures as well as double taxrelief and tax treaties. The immigration sections provide informationon temporary visas, work visas and permits, residence visas andpermits, and family and personal considerations.At the back of the guide, you will find a list of the names andcodes for all national currencies and a list of contacts for otherjurisdictions.For many years, the Worldwide Personal Tax and ImmigrationGuide has been published annually along with two companionguides on broad-based taxes: the Worldwide Corporate Tax Guideand the Worldwide VAT, GST and Sales Tax Guide. In recent years,those three have been joined by additional Tax Guides on morespecific topics, including the Worldwide Estate and Inheritance TaxGuide, the Worldwide Transfer Pricing Reference Guide, the GlobalOil and Gas Tax Guide, the Worldwide R&D Incentives ReferenceGuide and the Worldwide Capital and Fixed Assets Guide.Each of the Tax Guides represents thousands of hours of taxresearch. They are available free online along with timely GlobalTax Alerts and other great publications on ey.com.You can keep up with the latest updates at ey.com/globaltaxguides.The EY organizationJanuary 2021
This material has been prepared for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as legal, accounting, tax or other professional advice. Please refer to your advisorsfor specific advice.About EY Tax ServicesYour business will only succeed if you build it on a strong foundation and grow it in a sustainable way. At EY, we believe thathelp managing your tax obligations responsibly and proactivelycan make a critical difference. 50,000 talented EY tax professionals, in more than 150 countries, give you technical knowledge,business experience, consistency and an unwavering commitment to quality service — wherever you are and whatever taxservices you need. 2021 EYGM Limited.All Rights Reserved.
ContentsAbout EY People Advisory Services. 11EY Global Tax contacts. 12Albania. 15Algeria. 26Angola. 34Anguilla (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Antigua and Barbuda (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Argentina. 40Armenia. 51Aruba. 63Australia. 72Austria (European Union member state). 89Azerbaijan. 102Bahamas. 108Bahrain. 112Bangladesh (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Barbados. 116Belarus. 125Belgium (European Union member state). 138Bermuda. 154Bolivia. 165Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BES-Islands). 171Bosnia and Herzegovina (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Botswana. 177Brazil. 184British Virgin Islands. 198Brunei Darussalam. 203Bulgaria (European Union member state). 207Burkina Faso (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Cambodia. 218Cameroon. 226Canada. 236Cape Verde. 262Cayman Islands. 269Chad. 278Chile.
China Mainland. 294Colombia. 312Congo, Democratic Republic of. 325Congo, Republic of. 330Costa Rica. 337Côte d’Ivoire. 342Croatia (European Union member state). 352Curaçao. 360Cyprus (European Union member state). 370Czech Republic (European Union member state). 381Denmark (European Union member state). 393Dominica (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Dominican Republic. 403Ecuador. 409Egypt. 415El Salvador. 424Equatorial Guinea. 431Estonia (European Union member state). 437Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). 461Faroe Islands (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Fiji. 467Finland (European Union member state). 474France (European Union member state). 486Gabon. 510Georgia. 517Germany (European Union member state). 530Ghana. 551Gibraltar. 558Greece (European Union member state). 572Greenland (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Grenada (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Guam. 586Guatemala. 597Guernsey, Channel Islands. 604Guinea. 612Guyana. 618Honduras. 627Hong Kong. 632Hungary (European Union member state). 644
Iceland. 656India. 666Indonesia. 693Iraq. 707Ireland, Republic of (European Union member state). 711Isle of Man. 733Israel. 739Italy (European Union member state). 754Jamaica. 771Japan. 780Jersey, Channel Islands. 791Jordan. 801Kazakhstan. 806Kenya. 822Korea (South). 833Kosovo. 856Kuwait. 867Kyrgyzstan (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Laos. 873Latvia (European Union member state). 879Lebanon. 890Lesotho. 897Liberia (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Libya. 900Liechtenstein. 904Lithuania (European Union member state). 909Luxembourg (European Union member state). 922Macau. 937Madagascar. 945Malawi. 950Malaysia. 958Maldives. 975Mali (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Malta (European Union member state). 977Marshall Islands (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Mauritania. 1005Mauritius. 1011Mexico. 1025Micronesia (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747
Moldova. 1039Monaco. 1045Mongolia. 1051Montenegro, Republic of. 1058Montserrat (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Morocco. 1063Mozambique. 1073Myanmar. 1078Namibia. 1085Netherlands (European Union member state). 1094New Caledonia. 1119New Zealand. 1126Nicaragua. 1145Niger (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Nigeria. 1152North Macedonia. 1161Northern Mariana Islands,Commonwealth of the. 1169Norway. 1180Oman. 1191Pakistan. 1197Palau (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Palestinian Authority. 1217Panama. 1221Papua New Guinea. 1232Paraguay. 1240Peru. 1246Philippines. 1257Poland (European Union member state). 1282Portugal (European Union member state). 1294Puerto Rico. 1312Qatar. 1324Romania (European Union member state). 1329Russian Federation. 1338Rwanda. 1353St. Kitts and Nevis (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747St. Lucia. 1358St. Vincent and the Grenadines(Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747
São Tomé and Príncipe. 1364Saudi Arabia. 1370Senegal. 1377Serbia, Republic of. 1384Singapore. 1390Sint Maarten. 1403Slovak Republic (European Union member state). 1412Slovenia (European Union member state). 1424South Africa. 1436South Sudan. 1450Spain (European Union member state). 1454Sri Lanka. 1478Suriname. 1488Sweden (European Union member state). 1495Switzerland. 1507Taiwan. 1522Tajikistan (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Tanzania. 1541Thailand. 1549Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor)(Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Trinidad and Tobago. 1555Tunisia. 1564Turkey. 1573Uganda. 1587Ukraine. 1596United Arab Emirates. 1607United Kingdom. 1612United States. 1652US Virgin Islands. 1691Uruguay. 1695Uzbekistan. 1701Venezuela. 1709Vietnam. 1716Yemen (Other jurisdictions chapter). 1747Zambia. 1730Zimbabwe. 1738Contacts for other jurisdictions. 1747Foreign currencies. 1749
11About EY People Advisory ServicesWhat if people mattered most? In this Transformative Age, technology may be providing the fuel for transformation, but it’s thehuman element that will determine what we will achieve.Humans have extraordinary innate capabilities that no other species possess. Collective cooperation, mutual trust, imagination,curiosity, creativity and resilience are all natural traits that arerarely expressed to the fullest. The challenge for organizations isdetermining how to unleash these capabilities so that every personcan be the best version of themselves.As the world continues to be impacted by globalization, demographics, technology, innovation and regulation, organizations areunder pressure to adapt quickly and build agile people cultures thatrespond to these disruptive forces. EY People Advisory Services(PAS) believes a better working world is helping EY clients harness their people agenda — the right people, with the right capabilities, in the right place, for the right cost, doing the right things.EY teams work globally and collaborate to bring you professionalteams to address complex issues relating to organization transformation, end-to-end employee life cycles, effective talent deployment and mobility, gaining value from evolving and virtualworkforces, and the changing role of HR in support of businessstrategy. Our EY professionals ask better questions and work withclients to create holistic, innovative answers that deliver qualityresults.A listing of the Executive Leadership Team is provided below. Ifyou have any questions or want to find out more about how PAScan help your people give you a competitive advantage, please getin touch.EY Global People Advisory Services LeadershipNorman Lonergan 44 (20) 7980-0596Email: norman.lonergan@uk.ey.comElizabeth Fealy 1 (212) 773-3743Joost Smits 31 (88) 407-4558Email: joost.c.smits@nl.ey.comKim Billeter 1 (404) 817-5772Email: kim.billeter@ey.comDarren Gibson 61 (2) 9248-4970Email: darren.gibson@au.ey.comPeter Reinhardt 44 (20) 7980-9620Email: peter.reinhardt@uk.ey.comEY Global Leader —People Advisory ServicesEY Global Workforce Advisory Leader Email: elizabeth.fealy@ey.comEY Global Mobility Leader —People Advisory ServicesEY Americas Leader —People Advisory ServicesEY Asia-Pacific Leader —People Advisory ServicesEY EMEIA Leader —People Advisory Services
12EY Global Tax contactsLondonEY Global6 More London PlaceLondon SE1 2DAUnited KingdomGMT 44 (20) 7951-2000Fax: 44 (20) 7951-9308 (Tax)EY Global TaxKathryn (Kate) J. BartonEY Global Vice Chair — TaxNew York: 1 (212) 773-8762Boston: 1 (617) 585-6820Mobile: 1 (617) 230-1500Fax: 1 (866) 854-9928Email: kate.barton@eyg.ey.comSusan PitterEY Global Deputy Vice Chair — Tax 49 (6196) 996-26317Mobile: 49 (160) 939-26317Fax: 49 (6196) 996-24740Email: susan.pitter@de.ey.comArea Tax leadersEY AmericasMarna Ricker 1 (612) 371-6770Mobile: 1 (612) 802-4267Fax: 1 (866) 281-0440Email: marna.ricker@ey.comEY Asia-PacificEng Ping Yeo 60 (3) 7495-8288Mobile: 60 (12) 271-5215Email: eng-ping.yeo@my.ey.comEY Europe, Middle East, India and AfricaBridget Walsh 44 (20) 7951-4176Mobile: 44 7748-106-165Fax: 44 (20) 7951-1345Email: bwalsh@uk.ey.comEY Global Tax subservice line leadersBusiness Tax ServicesRob Weber 1 (212) 773-5590Mobile: 1 (617) 872-4999Email: robert.weber@ey.comGlobal Compliance and ReportingJames (Jim) D. Hunter 852 2849-9338Mobile: 852 6119-3360Fax: 852 2157-6851Email: jim.hunter@hk.ey.com
E Y G l o ba l T a xc o n tac t s13Indirect TaxGijsbert Bulk 31 (88) 407-1175Mobile: 31 (6) 29-08-32-49Fax: 31 (88) 407-1005Email: gijsbert.bulk@nl.ey.comInternational Tax and Transaction ServicesJeffrey M. MichalakNew York: 1 (212) 773-1864Detroit: 1 (313) 628-8460Mobile: 1 (248) 207-1629Email: jeffrey.michalak@ey.comLawDr. Cornelius Grossmann 49 (30) 25471-25050Mobile: 49 (163) 939-25050Fax: 49 (30) 25471-21425Email: cornelius.grossmann@de.ey.comJeff Banta 1 (312) 879-3641Mobile: 1 (608) 306-2246Email: jeffrey.banta@ey.comPeople Advisory ServicesNorman Lonergan 44 (20) 7980-0596Mobile: 44 7711-151-211Email: norman.lonergan@uk.ey.comTax and Finance OperateDavid (Dave) H. Helmer 1 (202) 327-8355Mobile: 1 (703) 403-5565Fax: 1 (866) 297-8415Email: david.helmer@eyg.ey.comTax Technology and TransformationAlbert Lee 852 2629-3318Mobile: 852 9664-2630Email: albert.lee@hk.ey.comKurt Neidhardt 1 (212) 773-2283Mobile: 1 (914) 282-1653Email: kurt.neidhardt@ey.comEY Global Tax functional leadersSteve AlbitzEY Global Tax — Business 1 (214) 969-0677Mobile: 1 (214) 755-5952Fax: 1 (866) 849-9585Email: steve.albitz@ey.comMartha BrownEY Global Tax — Brand, 1 (212) 773-1777Mobile: 1 (646) 206-1917Fax: 1 (866) 700-8094Email: martha.brown@ey.comKatherine FrittsEY Global Tax Quality Leader 1 (212) 773-2544Mobile: 1 (646) 258-0700Fax: 1 (866) 867-5079Email: katherine.fritts@ey.comJiten ShahEY Global Tax — 1 (732) 516-4621Mobile: 1 (732) 794-7720Fax: 1 (866) 258-4844Email: jiten.shah@ey.comDevelopment LeaderMarketing and Communications LeaderChief Financial Officer
14 EY G l o ba l T a xJennifer (Jenn) WishnieEY Global Tax — Talent Leaderc o n tac t s 1 (212) 773-5801Mobile: 1 (914) 830-2377Fax: 1 (866) 214-8286Email: jennifer.wishnie@ey.comEditor — Worldwide Personal Tax and Immigration GuideRonald Anes 1 (732) 516-4551Fax: 1 (866) 863-4590Email: ronald.anes@ey.com
15Albaniaey.com/globaltaxguidesTiranaGMT 1EYRr. Ibrahim Rrugova, Godina Sky Tower6th Floor1001 TiranaAlbaniaExecutive and immigration contactsNevena Kovacheva(resident in Sofia)Anisa Jasini 359 (2) 817-7146Email: nevena.kovacheva@bg.ey.com 355 (4) 241-9575, Ext. 131Email: anisa.jasini@al.ey.comImmigration contactSoena Foto 355 (4) 241-9575, Ext. 136Email: soena.foto@al.ey.comA. Income taxWho is liable. Individuals who are resident in Albania are subjectto tax on their worldwide income. Nonresidents are subject to taxon income derived from Albania sources only.The following individuals are considered resident for tax purposes in Albania: Individuals who have a permanent residence, family or vitalinterests in Albania. Albanian citizens serving in a consular, diplomatic or similarposition outside Albania. Individuals who reside in Albania consecutively or non- consecutively for at least 183 days during a tax year, regardlessof their nationality or country of vital interests. The calculationof the residence period in Albania includes all of the days ofphysical presence, including holidays.Income subject to tax. Individuals are subject to tax on the fol-lowing types of income: Employment income Self-employment and business income Dividends Interest from bank deposits and securities Royalties Income from rentals and leases of real property and loans Income derived from transfers of ownership rights over immovable property Income derived from transfers of quotas and shares Income derived from gambling and other games of chance Other income
16 A l ba n i aThese categories of income are described below.Employment income. Employed persons are subject to income taxon remuneration and all benefits received from employment.Employment income includes the following: Salaries, wages, allowances, bonuses, and other remunerationand benefits granted for services rendered in a public office orin private employment Directors’ feesSelf-employment and business income. Self-employed individuals must register as entrepreneurs with the National BusinessCentre for tax purposes. Businesses with annual turnover up toALL5 million are subject to 0% income tax, businesses withannual turnover from ALL5 million up to ALL14 million aresubject to income tax at a rate of 5% of their profits, while businesses with annual turnover over ALL14 million are subject toincome tax at a rate on 15% on their profits. Businesses operatingin the agriculture sector are subject to a reduced tax rate of 5%.Entities certified as agro-tourism entities on or before31 December 2021 are subject to 5% tax rate, which is applicablefor a 10-year period. The tax base equals the difference betweentotal gross income and total deductible expenses. Self-employedindividuals must make advance payments on a quarterly basis,file the annual tax return and pay the tax due for the year lessadvance payments made by 10 February of the following year.Businesses with turnover up to ALL5 million must also file theannual tax return by 10 February of the following year.Dividends. Dividends received by individual shareholders or partners in commercial companies are subject to tax at a rate of 8%.Amounts received for decreases in the total of participation quotas or capital withdrawals by partners or owners of initial capitalare considered dividends received and are taxed to the extent thatthe amounts are paid out of the company’s capitalized profits andnot from contributions in cash or in kind by the owners.Interest from bank deposits and securities. Bank interest andinterest on securities, other than interest generated from government treasury bills or other securities issued before the law “Onincome tax,” as amended, entered into force in 1999, are taxed ata rate of 15%.Royalties. Taxable royalties (intellectual ownership payments)are considered to be income generated from the use of, or theright to use, literature, artistic or scientific works, including movies, tapes, radio records, patents, trademarks, sketches or models,designs, secret formulas, technological processes and industrial,commercial or scientific information. The tax rate for
Jul 01, 2020 · Guide, the Worldwide Transfer Pricing Reference Guide, the Global Oil and Gas Tax Guide, the Worldwide R&D Incentives Reference Guide and the Worldwide Capital and Fixed Assets Guide. Each of the Tax Guides represents thousands of hours of tax research. They are availa
![Immigration Act [No. 13 of 2002] - Gov](/img/30/a13-020.jpg)
