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VERSION JUNE 20206/1/2020BRIDGE DESIGN MANUALINTRODUCTIONBRIDGE ENGINEERING SECTIONOREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationIntroduction / PrefaceTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION . 1Preface . 1Organization of the Manual . 2Revising the Manual . 3Note: Revisions for June 2020 are marked with yellow highlight. Deleted text is not marked; past editions ofthe BDM are available for comparison esign-Manual.aspxINTRODUCTIONPREFACEThe Bridge Design Manual (BDM) provides a reference for those involved in preparing ODOT bridge designdeliverables. The purpose of the manual is to: Provide guidance in design standards and detailing practices (Section 1). Provide guidance in selective design, and bridge type selection and geometric layout (Section2). Provide guidance in bridge design roles and responsibilities, design and quality processes, anditems to coordinate with other disciplines (Section 3).An effort has been made to make the Bridge Design Manual informative, comprehensive, and accurate. It isa guide to acceptable ODOT practices. The manual should be used in the design of State Highway bridges.Use on other bridges in the State of Oregon should only be as noted in this manual, or as directed by thebridge owner.The manual is not a legal document. There is no substitute for sound engineering judgment.Bridge Design Manual users are encouraged to submit comments, corrections, and proposals for new orrevised materials.Any comments or questions about the Bridge Design Manual should be directed to:Bridge Design Standards EngineerOregon Department of TransportationTechnical Services – Bridge Engineering Section4040 Fairview Industrial Drive S.E., MS #4Salem, OR 97302-1142(503) 986-4200Rebecca.BURROW@odot.state.or.usIntro-1

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationIntroduction / PrefaceORGANIZATION OF THE MANUALThe Bridge Design Manual is divided into three main sections: Section 1: Design Standards and Detailing Practices Section 2: Design Guidance, Type Selection and Layout Section 3: Processes, RolesThe acronym “BDM” and a number refers to a section, subsection, etc., of this Manual unless anotherreference is specifically called out. So, you will see BDM 2.1, BDM 2.1.1.1(1), etc.The acronym “BCM” and a number refers to a section of the Bridge CAD Manual.The acronym “LRFD” and a number refers to a section of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.The acronym “SP” and a number refers to a section of the ODOT Construction Specifications.Except for the “Introduction”, each Section has: Main body of text AppendixThe page numbers of the Section’s text are prefixed with the Section number. Thus, for Section 2, the pagenumbers are 2-1, 2-2, etc.The Table of Contents is linked to the Section’s text for Sections 1, 2 and 3. The “Bookmark” navigationfunction is active in all Sections. Also, the “Search” and “Find” functions enable fairly rapid location oftopics.Tables, charts, and examples of forms are all identified as alphanumeric “Figures”. The figure numberrefers to the specific section number where the figure is mentioned: Figure 2.1.1 is the only figure mentioned in Section 2.1.1 and inserted in or closely after theSection 2.1.1 text. Figure 2.1.1A is the first figure of a series of figures mentioned in Section 2.1.1 and inserted in orclosely after the Section 2.1.1 text. Figure A2.3.2A is in the Section 2 Appendix and mentioned in Section 2.3.2.For the sake of brevity or in order to use a familiar term in place of an unfamiliar “official” version, someeditorial liberties have been taken when referring to organizational names or titles:ManualBridge Section or Bridge HQRoadway SectionTraffic SectionRegion Tech CenterOfficialBridge Engineering SectionRoadway Engineering SectionTraffic Management SectionRegional Technical CentersIntro-2

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationIntroduction / PrefaceREVISING THE MANUALOnly the Bridge Design Standards and Practices Engineer, BridgeStandards Technical Specialists, or the State Bridge Engineer (orhis/her designee) are to circulate communications concerning matters ofor revisions to design practices.(1) Put It in Writing - Research and develop a written proposal using three general subject headings: Problem Statement Proposal Analysis / Research / and Other Supporting DataA template letter is shown at the end of this Section. An electronic version of this template can be found onthe BDM webpage at ms.aspxComplete your written proposal and submit directly to the Bridge Design Standards and Practices Engineerat the address or email shown in the Preface.(2) Review and Approval - After reviewing a written proposal for completeness, the Design Standards andPractices Engineer will: Acknowledge receipt of the proposal and provide an initial assessment response:o Accepted for consideration as submittedo Accepted for consideration as notedo Proposal tabled, see Remarkso Proposal not accepted, see Remarks For accepted proposals, post the proposal on the BDM webpage and Projectwise Folder forreview and comment.After the review period, responses to comments will be prepared. The Standards Engineer will see that oneof the following is done: Proposals with resolved comments will be included in the BDM. Proposals without resolved comments will be tabled (and possibly reconsidered at a futureupdate should the proposer so elect).Proposals will be forwarded to the FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) for review, comments andapproval. Any FHWA comments on a proposal will be reviewed and given a final approval.(3) Implementation of Approved Revision - After a proposal has final approval, the Standards Engineer willinclude it in the Manual update on the Bridge Engineering web page. Revised or added text will behighlighted in yellow. If a revision is urgent, it may be distributed immediately in a Technical Bulletin andincorporated into the BDM later.Intro-3

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationIntroduction / PrefaceTECHNICAL SERVICESO D O T B R I D G E D E S I G NM A N U A LR E V I S I O N R E Q U E S TBridge Engineering SectionOffice Phone: (503) 986-4200Fax Number: (503) 986-3407DATE:Month XX, 20XXTO:Rebecca BurrowBridge Design Standards EngineerFROM:[Name][Position Title][Firm]SUBJECT:Proposed Revision to Bridge Design ManualRE:BDM Section x.x.x.x –Phone#:P roblem Statem ent:P roposal:Modify/Add Section x.x.x.x as follows:Intro-4xxx-xxx-xxxx

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationIntroduction / PrefaceAnalysis / R esearch / Other Supporting Data:NoneAttached:Bridge Engineering Section R esponse:Accepted for consideration as submittedProposal tabled, see RemarksAccepted for consideration as notedProposal not accepted, see RemarksRemarks:[Name of Author][Title of Engineer Author]Date[Name of Reviewer]Bridge Design Standards ReviewerDateCc:fileIntro-5

VERSION JUNE 20206/1/2020BRIDGE DESIGN MANUALSECTION 1: DESIGN STANDARDSBRIDGE ENGINEERING SECTIONOREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationSection 1 – Design StandardsTable of Contents1.1Section 1 – Introduction . 51.2Bridge Design, General . 61.2.11.2.21.2.31.2.41.3Bridge Design Standards . 6Bridge Design Deviations and Design Exceptions . 7Bridge Design Deliverables . 8Bridge Design Procedures . 9Loads and Distributions . 101.3.11.3.21.3.31.3.41.3.51.3.61.3.71.4Dead Loads . 10Live Loads . 11Sidewalk Loading . 16Vehicular Collision Forces: CT . 17Change in Foundations Due to Limit State for Scour . 20Thermal Forces . 20Wind Load . 20Structural Analysis . 211.4.11.4.21.5Ductility, Redundancy and Operational Importance (LRFD 1.3.3, 1.3.4 & 1.3.5) . 21Shear Correction Factor for Skewed Girders . 21Concrete. .31.8.41.8.51.8.61.91.9.11.9.21.9.31.9.4Concrete, General . 22Concrete Finish . 23Concrete Bonding Agents . 25Curing Concrete . 25Reinforcement . 26Precast Prestressed Concrete Elements . 45Cast-In-Place Superstructure . 56Post-Tensioned Structures . 61Camber Diagrams . 69Pour Schedules . 71Steel Structure Design and Detailing . 75Steel Girders. 75Welding. 104Galvanizing and Painting . 109Bolts and Connections . 113Aluminum. 114Aluminum . 114Timber Bridge Design and Detailing . 115Timber Bridge Locations . 115Timber Design and Details . 115Timber Connections . 116Timber Rails . 116Preservative Treatments . 116Field Installation. 116Decks . 117Design and Detailing . 117Deck Screeding . 128Deck Construction Joints . 129Deck Overlays . 1301-1

Bridge Design Manual – June 2020Oregon Department of TransportationSection 1 – Design Standards1.10Foundation Considerations. 1411.10.11.10.21.10.31.10.41.10.51.11Substructures . 1821.11.11.11.21.11.31.12Americans with Disabilities Act Compliance for Bridge Projects . 254General Guidance . 254Work Activity Triggers . 255Design Considerations . 258Seismic Design. 81.18Soundwalls, General . 253Soundwalls mounted on Bridges . 253ADA Compliance for Bridge Work . 2541.16.11.16.21.16.31.16.41.17Bearings . 239Expansion Joints . 247Soundwalls. 2531.15.11.15.21.16Bridge Rail . 214Bridge Rail Replacement & Retrofit Guidelines . 226Impact Attenuators or Crash Cushions . 232Protective Screening or Protective Fencing . 232Bearings and Expansion Joints . 2391.14.11.14.21.15Culvert Design, General . 213Tunnels (structural elements) . 213Rails, Impact Attenuators, and Protective Screening . 2141.13.11.13.21.13.31.13.41.14Retaining Structures, General . 182End Bents . 182Interior Bents . 199Buried Structures . 2131.12.11.12.21.13Foundations, General. 141Lateral Earth Restraint . 141Underwater Construction . 142Foundation Modeling (Foundation Springs) . 143Foundation Design . 161Design Philosophy . 260Applications of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications . 261Applications of AASHTO Guide Specs for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design . 271Liquefaction Evaluation and Mitigation Procedures . 277Costs . 279Instrumentation . 279Dynamic Isolators . 279Seismic Restrainer Design (New Designs and Retrofits) . 280FRP Composites. 2851.18.1FRP Composites . 2851.19(Reserved). 2861.20Concrete Anchors . 2871.20.11.20.2Anchor Bolts / Rods . 287Drilled Concrete Anchors . 2881-2