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CASCADIA – EDUCATIONAL PRESENTATIONEFFECTIVE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDINGENCLOSURE – EXTERIOR WALLS2019 Update: It’s all in the cladding support
WEBINAR ADMINWEBINAR TECHNICAL SUPPORT Technical support is available for any issues during the webinarCONTINUING EDUCATION CERTIFICATES Will be automatically emailed after the presentationAIA & AIBC are automatically submitted (no need to self-report)All other association learning credits can be claimed via self-reportingQUESTIONS Feel free to post questions at any point during the presentationAUDIO We recommend using your computer audio to listen to the presentation.Calling into the presentation may incur long-distance charges from yourphone provider.
AGENDAAGENDA: WHAT ARE WE LOOKING AT TODAY? INTRO TO CASCADIA WINDOWS & DOORS WHY ADDRESS THERMAL BRIDGING? HOW? WHY EXTERIOR INSULATION? PRESCRIPTIVE VS U-VALUES / PSI & CHI VALUES PRODUCTS – TESTING, DESIGN HISTORY, INSULATION ISSUES DESIGN TOOLS CHOOSING AN APPROACH WRAP UP
INTRO TOCASCADIA WINDOWS& DOORS
INTRO TO CASCADIA WINDOWS & DOORSCOMMERCIAL & MULTI-FAMILYPASSIVE HOUSE & RESIDENTIALTHERMAL SPACER FOR CLADDINGSUPPORT SYSTEMS
INTRO TO CASCADIA WINDOWS & DOORSWINDOW WALLSWINDOWS & DOORSSTOREFRONT GLAZING
INTRO TO CASCADIA WINDOWS & DOORSABOUT THE COMPANY Manufacturing plant & head office located in Langley, BC Founded in 2008PRIMARY MARKETS BC, Yukon, Washington, Oregon, CaliforniaCOMPANY PURPOSE To provide simple and cost-effective solutions tostringent energy code requirements
THE PROBLEMWITH BUILDINGSUnderstanding the impact of buildings on ourenergy grid and environment
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?BUILDINGS ARERESPONSIBLE FOR 44.5%OF US CO2 EMISSIONS.DATA SOURCE: ARCHITECTURE 2030ILLUSTRATION: HAMMERANDHAND.COM
THE IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING SCIENCE
HEAT FLOW
HEAT FLOW – CONDUCTIONCONDUCTIONCONDUCTIVITYHEAT FLOW THROUGHSOLID OBJECTSRATE OF CONDUCTIVEHEAT FLOW DEPENDSON MATERIALCONDUCTANCE(U-VALUE)LAYER OR ASSEMBLY
HEAT FLOW – CONDUCTIONCONDUCTIONCONDUCTIVITYHEAT FLOW THROUGHSOLID OBJECTSRATE OF CONDUCTIVEHEAT FLOW DEPENDSON MATERIALAluminum 160 W/mKSteel 60 W/mKStainless Steel 14 W/mKFiberglass 0.15 to 0.30 W/mKWood 0.10 to 0.15 W/mKInsulation Materials 0.022 to 0.080 W/mKCONDUCTANCE(U-VALUE)LAYER OR ASSEMBLY
HEAT FLOW – U-VALUE AND R-VALUEU-VALUE:CONDUCTANCER-VALUE:RESISTANCEHOW WELL HEAT MOVESTHROUGH AN ASSEMBLY OR MATERIALINVERSE OF U-VALUETHE LOWER THE U-VALUE,THE BETTER THE ASSEMBLY1 𝑈𝑅1 𝑅𝑈
PRESCRIPTIVEVS U-VALUETwo paths to the same end
ENERGY CODES IN THE US & CANADA (2018)INDIVIDUAL BUILDING CODESREQUIRE IMPROVED ENERGYPERFORMANCE BY REFERENCINGVARIOUS ENERGY STANDARDS
WHAT IS ASHRAE 90.1?An energy standard with three ways to achieve compliance: Prescriptive path Building enclosure trade-offEnergy cost budget path
ASHRAE 90.1 – Climate Zone 5Overall U-value (inverse of Effective R-value)Nominal R-values
MOST COMMON WALL TARGETOverall U-value (inverse of Effective R-value)Nominal R-valuesR-15.6 eff
WHY ADDRESSTHERMAL BRIDGING?Understanding the impact of thermal bridgingon a building’s overall thermal performance
THERMAL BRIDGINGSHELF ANGLESSHELF ANGLESSTEEL STUDS
KEY TERMSNOMINAL R-VALUETHE R-VALUE OF JUST THE INSULATION ITSELFEFFECTIVE R-VALUETHE OVERALL VALUE OF THEASSEMBLY (WALL), INCLUDING ALLCOMPONENTS, AIR FILMS, AND THEEFFECT OF ALL THERMAL BRIDGING.
CONVENTIONAL INSULATED WALL ASSEMBLIESStud InsulatedR-5.5 ft²· F·hr/BtuVertical Z-GirtsR-7.0 ft²· F·hr/BtuHorizontal Z-GirtsR-7.8 ft²· F·hr/BtuGalvanized ClipsR-11.0 ft²· F·hr/Btu
CONTINUOUS Z-GIRTEFFECTIVE R-VALUESNOT FEASIBLE TO MEET ASHRAE 90.1 MINIMUM PRESCRIPTIVEREQUIREMENT OF R-15.6 EFFECTIVE WITH CONTINUOUS GIRTS.
CROSSING Z-GIRTSEFFECTIVE R-VALUESR-36 INSULATION WAS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE R-15.6 EFFECTIVE
STEEL CLIPSEFFECTIVE R-VALUESR-25 INSULATION WAS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE R-15.6 EFFECTIVE
FIBERGLASS THERMAL SPACERFiberglass Thermal Spacer Wallwith 4” of Mineral Wool (R-4.2/in)R-16eff
HOW SUPPORTSIMPACT PERFORMANCEThermally-improved cladding supports moreimportant than insulation type
CLADDING ATTACHMENT MATTERS MOST 3.5” OF INSULATION12” OF INSULATIONR-value eff
METAL GIRT VS THERMAL SPACER
WHY EXTERIORINSULATION?Gives us a chance to place insulation away fromthermal-bridging of stud layer
INSULATION
INSULATION – EXTERIOR VS. INTERIORINTERIOR INSULATIONEXTERIOR INSULATION Thinner overall wall Best thermal performance Cheapest if only using interior insulation** Best use of interior space Best location for vapour barrier Best condensation resistance Cheapest option to meet effectiveR-value requirements
PSI & CHI VALUESA more meaningful and flexible modellingapproach
DIFFERENT VALUES FOR DIFFERENT TYPESGraphic credit to Morrison HershfieldRipped screaming from the pages of a2012 report, authored by Neil Norris,Patrick Ropell, Mark Lawton
TESTING& EVALUATIONA manufacturer’s tale of bringing innovationto the market
FIRE PROTECTION – CLADDING BIG PICTURETO AVOID THIS
ANALYSIS AND TESTING – FIRE PERFORMANCEENGINEERING ANALYSIS – FIRE PERFORMANCE:Spacer is acceptable for use in:A WALL REQUIRED TO BE BUILT OF NON-COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING PERMITTED COMBUSTIBLECLADDINGS (METAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS) ALSO, IN COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION (OBVIOUSLY)Maintains the two code (and common sense) objectives, which are:CANNOT ALTER INTENDED FIRE PERFORMANCE OF NON-COMBUSTIBLE WALL CLADDING MUST STAY-IN-PLACEEVEN IF THE COMPONENT IF DAMAGEDNo.1 is clear by analysis, and can be further supported by testingNo.2 is clear by observation – direct fastening
CANADIAN CODE EVALUATION / COMPLIANCEBURNABY Code appeal process BC Building and Safety StandardsBranch – published approval
CANADIAN CODE EVALUATIONMINORCOMBUSTIBLE COMPONENT
IAPMO“IT’S A WASHER”OH YEAH GREAT!
CODE COMPLIANCE: IAPMO-UES REPORTTHIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION OF THE CASCADIA CLIPAPPROVES CLIP FOR USE IN IBC TYPES I, II, III, IV, AND VCONSTRUCTIONICC-ES EQUIVALENTLOOKS AT SEVERAL DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF DESIGNONLY CLIP SYSTEM WITH A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED THIRDPARTY CODE COMPLIANCE REPORT
FIRE PERFORMANCE - TESTINGNFPA 285 TESTFIRE PROPAGATION IN EXTERIOR WALLFULL-ASSEMBLY TEST
FIRE PERFORMANCE - TESTING
FIRE PERFORMANCE – NFPA 285 RESULTSSOLID PASS WITH MCM PANELS
FIRE PERFORMANCE – NFPA 285 RESULTSSOLID PASS WITH MCM PANELS
FOR FIRE PERFORMANCECONCLUSION:THE CLIP DOES NOTHINGAND THEREFORECHANGES NOTHING.
INTERTEK LISTING WITH ROXUL
A LENS TO JUDGE
A HISTORYOF CLIP DESIGNThe past through the present
THE PROBLEMOK, SO WE HAVEA CONDUCTIVITYPROBLEM
STEP 1Let’s use a material withvery low conductivity –like fiberglass.Backup wallInsulationMAIN PROBLEM: PULL OUT STRENGTHFiberglassZ-girt
STEP 2PROBLEM: ROTATION AT INNER LEGBackup wallBackup wallPROBLEM:WEB/SCREWINTERFERENCEMAIN PROBLEM: COMBUSTIBILITYUse long screw to attach outersteel directly to stud
STEP 3Backup wallPROBLEM:WEAKFURRINGSHAPE, DOESNOT PROVIDEDRAINAGECAVITYPROBLEM: STILL A CONTINUOUS MEMBER(TOO EXPENSIVE AND POOR THERMAL PERFORMANCE)PROBLEM: INSTALLATIONIS INCONVENIENT, TOOMANY PIECESSectionMake pieces intermittent
STEP 4Backup wallIF WE USE AZ-GIRT INSTEAD IS IT DONE?
THE CASCADIA CLIP Essentially a “thermal washer” Universal solution for almost anycladding (up to around 30 psf) For non-combustible construction
WHY MINERAL WOOL? R-4.2 to 4.3/inch (stable) Non-combustible Permeable to liquid water and water vapour(outdoor ok) Perhaps the most over-looked but criticalcharacteristic:TOLERANT OF SUBSTRATE IRREGULARITIES
DESIGN TOOLS
CHOOSINGAN APPROACHMetal, composite, installation,adjustability, costs
PROS & CONS - METALCASCADIA CLIP METAL CLIP & RAIL SYSTEMS Adjustable rails penetrate insulation L-angle cladding attachment not very strong(much more likely to deflect) Thermal break is only a small portion ofinsulation depth Thermal performance relies on large spacing ofclips: not always possible with various claddings Adjustability happens entirely outboard ofthe insulationCladding attachment is a Z or a hat, bothincredibly strong shapesCascadia Clip matches insulation, thermalbreak for entire depth of insulationCascadia clip maintains thermal performanceeven at very tight spacing
PROS & CONS - COMPOSITESImproves PSI or CHI value effects when a building hasconfigurations that increase Clip spacing necessarily,such as: ITE MATERIALS MAKE THIS NEARLY A NON-ISSUEAluminum 160 W/mKSteel 60 W/mKStainless Steel 14 W/mKFiberglass – 0.15 to 0.30 W/mKWood 0.10 to 0.15 W/mKInsulation Materials 0.022 to 0.080 W/mK
PROS & CONS - COMPOSITESCASCADIA CLIP COMPOSITE SYSTEMSScrews directly fastened through the centre ofthe clip: Screws reduce thermal performance slightly(allowably) Best thermal performance Combustible structural connection, generallylower strength than metal Thinner webs mean lower strength Pull out may be an issueScrews allow for non-combustibleconstructionSTRENGTH COMES FROM SCREWS, THICKFIBERGLASS ALLOWS FOR SHEAR SUPPORT– UP TO 30PSF CLADDINGFiberglassZ-girt ?Insulation
PROS & CONS – ADJUSTABILITYWHEN IS THIS REQUIREDVS JUST WASTED EFFORT?NOT EVERY SUBSTRATE IS AS IRREGULAR AS CONCRETENOT EVERY CLADDING NEEDS ADJUSTABILITYSOME DO
PROS & CONS – ADJUSTABILITYSINGLE Z-GIRTSOUR INDUSTRY HAS BUILT A LOT OF WALLSWITHOUT ADJUSTABILITYTHE TIMES THAT YOU NEEDED ADJUSTABILITYSTICK OUT IN EVERYONE’S MINDIT IS NATURAL TO REMEMBER LIKE THIS
PROS & CONS – ADJUSTABILITYTHE COST OF ADJUSTABILITYADJUSTABILITY MEANS MANY PIECESADJUSTABILITY TAKES EXTRA LABOURIDEALLY, WE WOULD ONLY EXPEND THIS EFFORTAND COST WHEN NEEDEDAN ON-DEMAND SOLUTION IS BEST
ON-DEMAND ADJUSTABILITY
FINANCIAL ADVANTAGESFOR THE ARCHITECT: Risk management – most testing and full code-evaluation Reliability of metal connections Least drop in performance when spacing becomes denseFOR THE CONTRACTOR: Intermittent pieces save material cost Pre-assembly saves labour cost On-demand adjustability avoids unnecessary complexityCASCADIA CLIP COMBINES THESE, AND IS THE LOWER POSSIBLE COST PER R-VALUE
QUESTIONS& COMMENTS?
CASCADIA CLIP High-profile and interestingprojects across the US
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK- MEDICAL SCHOOL 8 stories540,000SF2” blue & 4” red clipsHorizontal typeLargest building constructed inBuffalo in decadesDesigned by HOK
BULLITT CENTER 6 stories52,000SF3.5” orange clipsHorizontal typeFirst Living Building Challenge certifiedcommercial building in North AmericaDesigned by Miller Hull Partnership
ZURICH NORTH AMERICA HEADQUARTERS 11 stories735,000SF3” purple clipsHorizontal typeLEED Platinum CertifiedClips only used on soffit (middlebuilding)Designed by Clayco
PORTLAND UNIVERSITY- COLLABORATIVE LIFE SCIENCES BUILDING 12 stories650,000SF3.5” orange clipsVertical typeLEED PlatinumDesigned by SERA Architects and COArchitects
MIT- NANOSCALE RESEARCH BUILDING 4 stories200,000SF3.5” orange clipsHorizontal typeTwo floors of high- performance cleanroomsDesigned by Wilson Architects
COX HEALTH – MEDICAL CENTER SOUTH 10 stories310,000SF3.5” orange clipsVertical typeIncludes women’s and children’s hospitalas well as neuroscience center Designed by Beck Group
DENVER BOTANIC GARDENS SCIENCE PYRAMID Pyramid structure5,300SF4” red and 5” yellow clipsVertical typeHighly unique sloped roof/wall constructionDesigned by BURKETTDESIGN
PHOENIX AIRPORT- TERMINAL 3 MODERNIZATION 3 stories676,000SF3.5” orange clipsVertical typeNew high-performing terminal inthree phases to replace outdatedexisting terminalDesigned by DWL Architects,Corgan, and Smithgroup JJR
MENIL DRAWING INSTITUTE 1 story30,000SF4” red clipsHorizontal typeFirst exhibition space of its kindDesigned by Johnston Marklee
FAIRMONT STATE UNIVERSITY- UNIVERSITY 4 stories110,000SF2” blue clipsVertical typeUniversity housing projectDesigned by McKinley & Assosciates,AECOM and Triad EngineeringTERRACE
First Living Building Challenge certified commercial building in North America Designed by Miller Hull Partnership 11 stories 735,000SF 3” purple clips Horizontal type LEED Platinum Certified Clips only used on soffit (middle building) Designed by
