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12ExperimentBaCl2 test :Salt Solution BaCl2Add dil HCl to above pptLead Acetate Test : Salt Solution (CH3COO)2 Pb. solutionAdd CH3COO NH4 to above ppt.ObservationWhite PptPpt remains insoluble2 4SOInferenceconfirmedSO42 confirmedWhite ppt.Ppt dissolves inammonium acetate.B- Identification of Basic Radical(a) Preliminary test :1ExperimentSalt solution NaOH heatObservationNo smell of NH32Salt solution dil . HClNo Ppt3To the above solutionpass H2S gasBoil H2S gas and addNH4Cl NH4OH ÷ the Solution intwo parts.No ppt.4White gelatinousppt.InferenceZeroGroup, NH 4 absentGroup I, (Pb2 absent) Group II (Cd2 , Pb2 ,As2 Cu2 absent)Group III (Al3 may be)(b) Confirmative test:12ExperimentTake test : 1st part dil HCl 2 drops ofblue litmus NH4OHAmmonium chloride Test :IInd part NH4Cl Boil the solutionObservationBlue ppt.floats overcolourless solutionFormation of whitegelatinous ppt.InferenceAl3 confirmedAl3 confirmedAcidic Radical1. BaCl2 test :Al 2 SO4 3 BaCl 2 BaSO4 2AlCl 3White ppt2. (CH3COO)2 Pb test :Al 2 SO4 3 (CH 3COO) 2 Pb PbSO4 Al CH 3COO 3White pptPbSO4 2CH 3COONH4 (CH 3COO) 2 Pb ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4Basic RadicalAl 2 SO4 3 NH 4OH Al (OH )3 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4Al(OH)3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2 OAlCl 3 3NH 4OH Al OH 3 3NH 4ClWhite pptResult : The given inorganic salt contains. Acidic Radical – SO42 Basic Radical Al 3EXPERIMENT – 8(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 8

Aim : To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical. (ZnCl2)Preliminary InvestigationPhysical state:Colour:QdourSolidWhite (Cu2 , Fe 2, Fe 3,Ni 2, Mn 2 , Co 2 areabsent)No characteristic above:(S 2 , NH 4 , CH 3COO )absentSolubilityFlame Test(A)::Soluble in water.Green flashes ( Zn2 may be )Identification of Acidic Radicala- Preliminary test :Experiment1Salt solution dil H2SO4ObservationNo gas is evolvedInferenceGroup A CO2 32nSalt Conc H2SO4 HeatColourless gas havingpungent smell whichgives white densefumes with glass roddipped in NH4OH, S 2 , SO32 NO2- CH 3COO absent Group B anions(Cl– may be )(b) Confirmative test :Experiment12Chromyl chloride test : Salt K2Cr2O7 (1 : 2) conc. H2SO4 heatObservationOrangish red or reddishorange vapour of chromylchloride are evolvedPass the vapour in a test tube containingNaOH solutionAdd (CH3COOH (CH3COO)2 Pb intoabove solutionAgNO3 Test : Salt Solution AgNO3Yellow solution ofNa2CrO4 is obtainedYellow ppt of leadchromate is formedWhite ppt.Dissolve ppt. in NH4OHB- Identification of Basic Radical(a) Preliminary test :Experiment1Salt solution NaOH heatInferenceCl– ConfirmedCl– confirmedppt becomes soluble.ObservationNo smell of NH3InferenceZero Group, NH 4absent 2 2Salt solution dil . HClNo white PptGroup I (Pb absent)3To the above solutionpass H2S gasBoil above solution toremove H2S and addNH4Cl (s) NH4OH inexess.To above test tube passH2S gasDissolve the white ppt inHCl and divide it into 2parts.No ppt.Group II, (Cu2 , As 3,Cd 2 , Pb 2 absent)Group III [Fe2 ,Fe3 ,Al3 absent ]45No ppt.White ppt isobtainedGroup IV [Zn2 maybe](b) Confirmative test :(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 9

1ExperimentK4[Fe(CN)6] Test : 1st part K4[Fe(CN)6]ObservationWhite ppt of zincferrocyanideBluish white ppt.2NaOH Test : 2nd part NaOHChemical reaction for Acidic RadicalPreliminary Test :InferenceZn conformed 2Zn 2 confirmedZnCl2 H 2 SO4 ZnSO4 3HCl HCl NH 4OH NH 4Cl H 2O(White dense fumes )Confirmative Test : i) Chromyl chloride test : K 2Cr2O7 H 2 SO4 K 2 SO4 2Cr2O3 H 2O ZnCl2 H 2 SO4 ZnSO4 2HClCrO3 2HCl CrO 2 Cl 2 H 2(red vapours of chromyl chloride)CrO2Cl2 4 NaOH Na2CrO4 2 NaCl H 2ONa2 CrO4 Pb(CH 3COO) 2Dil . PbCrO4 CH 3COONaCH3COOHii) Silver Nitrate TestZnCl2 2 AgNO3 2 AgCl Zn( NO3 ) 2(Curdy white ppt.)AgCl 2 NH 4OH [ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]Cl 2H 2O[Diammine silver (I) chloride ) {Soluble complex]Chemical reaction for Basic Radical(a) Preliminary Test :ZnCl2 H 2 S ZnS 2 HClZnS 2 HCl ZnCl2 H 2 S (b) Confirmative Test :1K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ]Test : ZnCl2 K 4 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ]2.NaOH test : Zn2 [ Fe(CN ) 6 ] 4KClZnCl2 NaOH Zn(OH ) 2 2 NaCl Na2 ZnO2 2H 2OZn(OH ) 2 2 NaOHResult : The given inorganic salt contains.Acidic Radical Cl Basic Radical Zn 2EXPERIMENT – 9Aim : To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical. (BaBr2)Preliminary InvestigationPhysical state:SolidColour:White (Cu2 , Fe 2, Fe 3,Ni 2, Mn 2 , CO 2 are absent)QdourSolubility::No characteristic adour ( NH 4 , CH 3COO- , S 2- )absentSoluble in water.Physical Test:Solid(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 10

(A)1Identification of Acidic Radicala- Preliminary test:ExperimentObservationSalt solution dil H2SO4No gas is evolvedInferenceGroup A(CO232Salt Conc H2SO4 HeatReddish orangevapours which turnsstarch paper yellow, S 2- , SO32- NO2- CH 3COO- absent)Group B anion(Br– may be)(b) Confirmative test:12ExperimentAgNO3 Test : Salt Solution AgNO3ObservationYellow ppt.InferenceBr confirmedDissolve ppt. in NH4OHPpt. remains partiallysolubleOrange red vapour of Br2Br– confirmedMnO2 Test :Salt Solution MnO2 Conc. H2SO4 Heat–B- Identification of Basic Radical(a) Preliminary test:1ExperimentSalt solution NaOH heatObservationNo smell of NH32Salt solution dil . HClNo white Ppt3To the above solution pass H2S gasNo ppt.4Boil above solution to remove H2S and addNH4Cl (s) NH4OH in exess.To above test tube pass H2S gasNo ppt.Remove H2S gas by boiling.Add [NH4]2 CO3 to it.White ppt56No pptInferenceZero Group, NH 4 absentGroup I (Pb2 absent) Group II (Cu2 , As 3, Cd 2 , Pb 2absent )Group III [Fe2 , Fe3 ,Al3 absent]Group IV [Zn2 , Co 2, Ni 2,Mn 2 absent]V group (Ca2 , Ba2 , Sr2 may be)(b) Confirmative test:1234.ExperimentPotassium chromate test :1st part K2CrO4Ammonium sulphate Test:IInd part (NH4)2SO4Ammonium oxalate Test:IIIrd part ammoniumoxalate test (NH4)2C2O4Flame test : Perform flametest with salt.ObservationYellow pptInferenceBa2 confirmedNo pptSr2 absentNo pptCa2 absentApple green flameBa2 confirmedChemical reaction for Acidic RadicalPreliminary Test:BaBr2 H 2 SO4 BaSO4 2 HBrH 2 SO4 2 HBr SO2 Br2 2 HClStarch Br2 Yellow ColourConfirmative Test:(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 11

i) Silver Nitrate testBaBr2 2 AgNO3 Ba ( NO3 ) 2 2 AgBr (Yellow ppt)ii) MnO2 Test :- BaBr2 MnO2 2H 2 SO4 BaSO4 MnSO4 2H 2O Br2 Chemical reaction for Basic RadicalPreliminary Test :BaBr2 (NH 4 )2 CO3Confirmative Test : BaCO3 2 NH 4 BrBaCO3 2CH 3COOH (CH 3COO) 2 Ba CO2 H 2O CH 3COO 2 Ba K 2CrO4 2CH 3COOK BaCrO4 1K2CrO4 Test :Result : The given inorganic salt contains.(Yellow ppt)Acidic Radical Br Basic Radical Ba2 EXPERIMENT – 10Aim : To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical. (NH4)2C2O4Preliminary InvestigationPhysical state:SolidColour:White (Cu2 , Fe 2, Fe 3,Ni 2, Mn 2 , Co 2 are absent)Qdour:No characteristic adour( NH 4 , S 2- ,CH 3COO- absent )SolubilityFlame Test(A)::Soluble in water.No characteristic flame( Ca 2 , Sr 2 , Ba 2 , Pb 2 ,Cu 2 , Zn 2 absent )Identification of Acidic Radicala- Preliminary test :12ExperimentSalt solution dil H2SO4 heatObservationNo gas isevolvedInferenceGroup ASalt ConcnH2SO4 HeatColourless,odourless,mixture ofgas whichturns timewater milky& burns onthe mouth oftest tubewater withblue flameGroup B CO2 3 C O2, S 2 , SO32 NO2— CH 3COO absent2 4, may be (b) Confirmative test :12ExperimentCalcium Chloride Test :Salt Solution CaCl2KMnO4 Test :Above ppt dil H2SO4 HeatAdd very dil solution of KMnO4ObservationWhite ppt. of calciumoxalate is formedPink colour of KMnO4 isdischarged with evolutionof CO2 gas.Inferenceconfirmed C O C O Confirmed22 422 4B- Identification of Basic Radical(a) Preliminary test:(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 12

ExperimentSalt solution NaOH heatPlace red litmus paper onmouth to test tube1(b) Confirmative test:Experiment1To above solution, bring on glass rod dippedin conc. HCl near mouth of test tube.2Nessler’s Test : Solution NaOH Nessler’s reagentObservationSmell of NH3Red litmus turnsblueInferenceZero Group, NH 4presentObservationWhite dense of NH4Cl areformedReddish brown ppt isformed InferenceNH 4 confirmed NH 4confirmedChemical reaction for Acidic RadicalPreliminary Test :( NH 4 )2 C2 O4 H 2 SO4H 2 C2 O4 H 2 C2 O4 ( NH 4 )2 SO4 CO2 CO H 2 OConfirmative Test :i) CaCl2 test( NH 4 ) 2 C2O4 CaCl2 CaC2O4 2 NH 4ClCalcum oxalate (White ppt)ii) KMnO4 Test :-CaC2O4 H 2 SO4 H 2C2O4 CaSO42 KMnO4 3H 2 SO4 2MnSO4 H 2 SO4 3H 2O 5[O]hotH 2C2O4 [O] 2CO2 H 2OnsolBasic Radicala) Preliminary test( NH 4 ) 2 C2O4 2 NaOH Na2C2O4 2 NH 3 3H 2ONH 3 Re d litmus Blue litmusConfirmative Test :Nessler’s Test :K2HgI4 2KI HgI2HgI2 NH3 NH2 HgI Hl NH2 NH4I2NH2HgI H2O /Hg\O/Hg\I(Iodide of millon base)NaOH Test : NaCl H2O NH3 (g)NH4Cl NaOH NH4Cl (Dense white fumes)NH3 HCl Result : The given inorganic salt contains.2 Acidic Radical – C2O4 Basic Radical NH 4 EXPERIMENT – 11Aim : To analyze the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical.Preliminary Investigation(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 13

Physical stateColourQdour:::SolidGreen (Ni2 - may be)No characteristic odour(absence of CH3COO- , NH 4 S 2 )Solubility:Soluble in water.Flame Test:No Characteristic flame[absence of Cu2 , Pb 2, Zn2 ,Cu2 ,Br 2 )(a)Identification of Acidic Radicala- Preliminary test :ExperimentObservation Inference1 Salt solution No gas isGroup Adil HClevolvedCO32 , S 2 , SO32 NO2 CH 3COO absent 2Salt ConcnH2SO4 HeatColourlesspungentsmelling gas(HCl) isevolvedwhich giveswhite densefumes ofNH4Cl. Group B anionsCl– may be present(b) Confirmative test :Experiment12AgNO3 Test :Salt Solution AgNO3Dissolve ppt. in NH4OHObservationCurdy white pptPpt become solubleChromyl chloride test : Salt Kr2Cr2O7(s)(1:2) conc. H2SO4 heatReddish orange vapoursof chromyl chloride areevolvedPass the vapour in a test tube containingNH4OHSolution becomes YellowAdd (CH3COOH Pb(CH3COO)2Yellow ppt of leadchromate is formedB- Identification of Basic RadicalPreliminary test :Experiment1Salt solution NaOH HeatObservationNo smell of NH323No white PptNo ppt.4InferenceCl confirmed-Salt solution dil . HClPass H2S gas through above NH4ClRemove H2S gas by boiling & add NH4Cl (s) NH4OH in excess.5Pass H2S gas through above solutionDissolve the ppt by boiling with aqua regia[Conc HCl Conc. HNO3] evaporate todryness & add water & divide in 2 parts .(b) Confirmative test :ExperimentObservation1DMG test : I part DMGRose pink ppt.NaOH Test : 2nd part NaOH Apple green ppt2Chemical reaction for Acidic RadicalPreliminary Test :No ppt.Black ppt.Cl– confirmedInferenceZero Group, NH 4 absentGroup I, Pb2 absentGroup II,(Cu2 , As 3, Cd 2 , Pb 2) absentGroup III [Fe2 , Fe3 ,Al3 absent]Group IV [Ni 2 or Co 2 May bepresent] InferenceNi 2 conformedNi confirmed(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 14

NiCl 2 H 2 SO4 heat NiSO4 2 HCl NH 4OH HCl NH 4Cl H 2O(White dense fumes)Confirmative Test :i) AgNO3 testNiCl 2 2 AgNO3 2 AgCl Ni( NO3 ) 2Curdy white pptAgCl 2 NH 4OH Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 Cl H 2O(Diammine Silver (I) Chloride)2) Chromyl chloride test (i) 4 NiCl 2 K 2Cr2O7 7 H 2 SO4 2KHSO4 2CrO2Cl2 3H 2O 2NiHSO4 Cr2O2Cl2 4 NaOH Na2CrO4 2 NaCl H 2O(Sodium Chromate)Pb(CH 3COO) 2 Na2CrO4 PbCrO4 2CH 3COONaYellow PptIdentification of Basic RadicalPreliminary Test :NiCl 2 H 2 S NiS 2HCl(black ppt.)3NiS 2HNO3 6HCl 3NiCl 2 2 NO 3S H 2OConfirmative Test :i) DMG testCH 3 C NCH 3 C N OH NiCl 2 2 NH 4OH 2 NH 4Cl H 2O DMG NiComplex OH(ii) NaOH Test :NiCl 2 2 NaOH Ni(OH ) 2 2 NaClAcidic Radical Cl Basic Radical Ni 2Result : The given inorganic salt contains.EXPERIMENT – 12Aim : To prepare 250 ml of 0.02 M (M/50) Mohr’s Salt solution.Apparatus Required : Chemical balance, weight box, beaker (250 ml), watch glass, volumetric flask (250ml) glass rod, funnel, test tube.Chemical required :- Mohr’s salt, conc. H2SO4, Distilled water.Theory :Molecular formula of Mohr’s salt – FeSO4[NH4]2SO4.6H2OIt is primary standard, hence is solution can be prepared by direct weighing.Molecular weight of Mohr’s salt :56 32 4 16 2(14 4) 32 4 16 6 18 392 g.Thus to prepare 1000 ml of 1M Mohr’s salt solution, 392 g of Mohr’s salt is needed. To prepare392392 250 ieg of mohr’s salt is need.10004 392 To prepare 250 ml of 0.02 of Mohr’s salt solution 0.02 g of salt is needed. Mohr’s salt 4 250ml of 1 M Mohr’s saltrequired 1.9600 g of mohr’s salt.Observation :1- Weight of empty watch galss (W1) 21.7200 g(CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 15

2- Weight of empty watch glass mohrs salt (W2) 21.7200 1.9600 23.6800 g3- Weight of Mohr’s Salt [W2 – W1] 23.6800 – 21.7200 1.9600 g4- Volume of solution 250 ml.6. Morality of solution M/50Result : 250 ml of M/50 solution of Mohr’s salt is prepared.Precautions :1Add 2-3 ml of conc. H2SO4 to prevent hydrolysis of FeSO4 before making solution of 250 ml.2Weighing should be done accurately.3.Apparatus should be clean.EXPERIMENT – 13Aim : To prepare a standard solution of M/50 Mohr’s salt solution. With its help, determine molarity and strength ofKMnO4 Solution.Apparatus Required : Burette, comical flask, pipette, burette stand, test tube, white tile, watch glass, volumetric flask(250ml) beaker, funnel glass rod, weight box, wash bottle.Chemical Required :Mohr’s Salt, KMnO4 solution, dil H2SO4, conc. H2SO4 and water.Theory :(a) Preparation of standard or known solution of M/50 Mohr’s salt solution - Mohr’s salt is a primary standardsolution. Hence its can be prepared by direct weighting.Molecular weight of mohr’s salt : 392 g/molThus to prepare 1000 ml of 1M Mohr’s salt solution,392 g of Mohr’s salt is needed.392392 250 ieg of mohr’s salt is need.1004 392 To prepare 250 ml of 0.02 of Mohr’s salt solution 0.02 g of salt is needed. Mohr’s salt required 1.9600 g 4 To prepare 250ml of 1 M Mohr’s saltof mohr’s salt.(b) Titration of Mohr’s salt Sol (standard solution ) with KMnO4 (unknown solution ) - KMnO4 is strong andversatile oxidizing agent. When its treated with Mohr’s salt solution in sufficiently acidic medium Fe2 ion areoxidised to Fe3 in cold according to reaction :Ionic equation :MnO4 5Fe 2 8H Mn 2 5Fe 3 4H 2OMolecular equation2KMnO4 3H 2 SO4 K 2 SO4 2 MnSO4 3H 2O 5 [O]5 [2FeSO 4 .( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 .6H 2 0 H 2 SO4 [O] Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3 2( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 13H 2O)]2KMnO4 8H 2 SO4 10FeSO 4 .( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 2K 2 SO4 2 MnSO4 5Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3 10( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 68H 2OAdding both equationIndicator KMnO4 is a self indicatorEnd point colourless to pinkObservations:1.Preparation of standard solution :Weight of empty water glass (W1) 21.7200 gWeight of watch glass Mohr’s salt (W2) 23.6800 gWeight of Mohr’s salt W2 – W1 (23.6800 – 21.7200) g 1.9600 gVolume of mohr’s salt 250 mlVolume of mohr’s salt taken for each titration (V2) 20 ml2.Titration of standard solution with KMnO4 Solution :S.no.12Volume ofMohr’s salt used(V1) ml20ml20 mlBurette initialReading finalVolume ofKMnO4 EMISTRY PRACTICALS)Page No 16

320 ml0.014.614.6Calculation :1M 2V251 MM 1 14.6 205 50M 1V1 M1 Molarity of KMnO4 Soln ?V1 Volume of KMnO4 Soln 14.6 mlM2 Molarity of Mohr’s Salt Soln M/50V2 Volume of Mohr’s Salt Soln 20 mlM1 0.0068 MStrength 158 M 158 0.0068 M 1.0744 g/lResult1.Molarity of the given solution 0.0068 M2.Strength of the given solution 1.0744 g/lPrecaution :1.Weighting should be accurate.2.Add 2 – 3 ml of conc H2SO4 to prevent hydrolysis of Mohr’s Salt solution.3.While titrating, the funnel should not be placed at the top of the burette.EXPERIMENT – 14Aim : To prepare solution of M/30 (250 ml) Mohr’s salt solution. With its help, determine molarity and strength ofKMnO4 solution.Apparatus Required : Burette, conical flask, pipette, burette stand, test tube, white tile, watch glass, volumetric flask(250ml) beaker, funnel glass rod, weight box, wash bottle.Chemical Required :Mohr’s Salt, [FeSO4. (NH4)2 SO4.6H2O] ,KMnO4 , dil H2SO4, conc. H2SO4Indicator : KMnO4 is a self indicatorEnd point : Colourless to pinkTheory :(a) Preparation of standard solution of M/30 mohr’s saltMolecular formula of mohr’s salt : FeSO4.(NH4)2 SO4.6H2O. mohr’s salt is a primary standard . Hence its solution canbe prepared by direct weighing.Thus to prepare 1000 ml of 1M Mohr’s salt solution,392 g of Mohr’s salt is needed.To prepare 250ml of 1 M Mohr’s salt392392 250 ieg of mohr’s salt is need.10004Thus to prepare 250 ml of M/30 mohr’s salt solution, 392/4 1/30 i.e, 3.2670 g of mohr’s salt is needed.(b) Titration of Mohr’s salt Sol (standard solution) with KMnO4 (unknown solution), KMnO4 is strong andversatile oxidising agent . When its treated with mohr’s salt solution in sufficiently acidic medium, Fe2 ion areoxidise to Fe3 according to reaction.Ionic equation :MnO4 5Fe 2 8H Mn 2 5Fe 3 4H 2O2KMnO4 3H 2 SO4 K 2 SO4 2 MnSO4 3H 2O 5(O)[2FeSO 4 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 .6H 2O H 2 SO4 [O] Fe2 ( SO4 )3 2( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 13H 2O] 5 Adding both the Eqn.Molecular equation :2 KMnO4 8H 2 SO4 10 FeSO4 .( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 .6 H 2O K 2 SO4 2MnSO4 5Fe2 SO4 3 10 NH 4 2 SO4 68H 2OObservation Table:1. Preparation of standard solution:Weight of empty watch glass (W1) 21.7200 gWeight of watch glass Mohr’s salt (W2) 21.7200 3.2670 24.9870gWeight of Mohr’s salt W2 – W1 24.9870-217200 3.2670 gVolume of mohr’s salt 250 mlMolarity of mohr’s salt M/302.Titration of standard solution with KMnO4 Solution

2 Co CoS Black 2 Mn MnS Flesh colour Zn2 ZnS Dirty white V (NH 4) 2 CO 3 in presence of NH 4 OH 2 Ba BaCO 3 White 2 Ca CaCO 3 White 2 Sr SrCO 3 White VI Na 2 HPO 4 in presence of NH 4 OH 2 Mg MgNH 4 PO 4 White EXPERIMENT – 3 Aim :-To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic