Transcription
2005-2006 WORLD VALUES SURVEYValues Survey in IranSummer 2005V1. Survey wave number (write in constant): 5V2. Country code (write in 3-digit code from list below): 91 (Iran)V3. Interview number (write in 4-digit number identifying each respondent):1
(Introduction by interviewer):Hello. I am from the (mention name of the interview organization). We are carrying out a global studyof what people value in life. This study will interview samples representing most of the world's people. Your namehas been selected at random as part of a representative sample of the people in (mention country inwhich interview is conducted). I'd like to ask your views on a number of different subjects. Your input will betreated strictly confidential but it will contribute to a better understanding of what people all over the world believeand want out of life.(Show Card A)For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Would you say it is (read out and code oneanswer for each):456789FamilyFriendsLeisure timePoliticsWorkReligionVery important111111Rather important222222Not very important Not at all important343434343434(NOTE: Code but do not read out-- here and throughout the interview):-1 Don’t know-2 No answer-3 Not applicable10 Taking all things together, would you say you are (read out and code one answer):1 Very happy2 Rather happy3 Not very happy4 Not at all happy11All in all, how would you describe your state of health these days? Would you say it is (read out):1 Very good2 Good3 Fair4 Poor(Show Card B)Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to beespecially important? Please choose up to five! (Code five mentions at the maximum):MentionedNot mentioned12Independence1213Hard work1214Feeling of responsibility1215Imagination1216Tolerance and respect for other people1217Thrift, saving money and things1218Determination, perseverance1219Religious faith1220Unselfishness1221Obedience122
(Show Card C)22 All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Using this card on which1 means you are “completely dissatisfied” and 10 means you are “completely satisfied” where would youput your satisfaction with your life as a whole? (Code one number):Completely dissatisfiedCompletely satisfied1234567891023Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you need to be very careful indealing with people? (Code one answer):1 Most people can be trusted.2 Need to be very careful.Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are anactive member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? (Read out and code one answerfor each organization):Active member Inactive member Don’t belong24 Church or religious organization21025 Sport or recreational organization21026 Art, music or educational organization21027 Labor Union21028 Political party21029 Environmental organization21030 Professional association21031 Humanitarian or charitable organization21032 Consumer organization210(Show Card D)On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have asneighbors? (Code an answer for each group):MentionNot mentioneded33Drug addicts1234People of a different race1235People who have AIDS1236Immigrants/foreign workers1237Homosexuals1238People of a different religion1239Heavy drinkers1240Unmarried couples living together1241Jews1242ChristiansDo you agree, disagree or neither agree nor disagree with the following statements? (Read out and code one answerfor each ree43When jobs are scarce, men should have moreright to a job than women.123444When jobs are scarce, employers should give1234priority to Iranian people over immigrants.3
(Show Card E)45 Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel thatwhat they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "none at all"and 10 means "a great deal" to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over theway your life turns out (code one number):None at allA great deal12345678910(Show Card F)46 Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they got a chance, or would they try to befair? Please show your response on this card, where 1 means that “people would try to take advantage ofyou,” and 10 means that “people would try to be fair” (code one number):People would try toPeople wouldtake advantage of youtry to be fair12345678910471To what extent are you optimistic/pessimistic about your future (1 highly pessimistic 10 highlyoptimistic)234567891048Now I would like to ask you something about the things which would seem to you, personally, mostimportant if you were looking for a job. Here are some of the things many people take into account inrelation to their work. Regardless of whether you're actually looking for a job, which one would you,personally, place first if you were looking for a job (read out and code one answer):1 A good income so that you do not have any worries about money2 A safe job with no risk of closing down or unemployment3 Working with people you like4 Doing an important job that gives you a feeling of accomplishment49And what would be your second choice (code one answer):1 A good income so that you do not have any worries about money2 A safe job with no risk of closing down or unemployment3 Working with people you like4 Doing an important job that gives you a feeling of accomplishment(Show Card G)50 Are you currently (read out and code one answer only):1 Married2 Living together as married3 Divorced4 Separated5 Widowed6 Single51 What do you think is the ideal size of the family - how many children, if any?0123456None1 child2 children3 children4 children5 children6 children4
7897 children8 or more childrenDK, no answer52Have you had any children? (Code 0 if no, and respective number if yes):0 No children1 One child2 Two children3 Three children4 Four children5 Five children6 Six children7 Seven children8 Eight or more children53If someone says a child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily, would you tend toagree or disagree? (Code one answer):1 Tend to agree2 Tend to disagree54Do you agree or disagree with the following statement (read out): “Marriage is an out-dated institution.”(Code one answer):1 Agree2 Disagree55 If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent but she doesn't want to have a stable relationship with aman, do you approve or disapprove? (Code one answer):1 Approve2 Disapprove3 Depends (do not read out, code only if volunteered)For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Doyou strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):565758On the whole, men make better politicalleaders than women do.A university education is more important for aboy than for a girl.On the whole, men make better businessexecutives than women do.Strongly le pursue different goals in life. For each of the following goals, can you tell me if you strongly agree, agree,disagree or strongly disagree with it? (Read out and code one answer for each statement):Strongly agree AgreeDisagreeStrongly disagree59 One of my main goals in life has been tomake my parents proud.123460 I make a lot of effort to live up to whatmy friends expect.12345
(Show Card H)61 How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household? Please use this card again to help withyour answer (code one number):Completely dissatisfiedCompletely satisfied12345678910(Show Card I)62.1 People sometimes talk about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card arelisted some of the goals which different people would give top priority. Would you please say which one ofthese you, yourself, consider the most important? (Code one answer only under “first choice”)62.2 And which would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”)A high level of economic growthMaking sure this country has strong defense forcesSeeing that people have more say about how things aredone at their jobs and in their communitiesTrying to make our cities and countryside more beautifulFirst choice1234Second choice1234(Show Card J)63.1 If you had to choose, which one of the things on this card would you say is most important? (Code oneanswer only under “first choice”):63.2 And which would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”):First choiceSecond choiceMaintaining order in the nation11Giving people more say in important government22decisionsFighting rising prices33Protecting freedom of speech44(Show Card K)64.1 Here is another list. In your opinion, which one of these is most important? (Code one answer only under“first choice”):64.2 And what would be the next most important? (Code one answer only under “second choice”):First choiceSecond choiceA stable economy11Progress toward a less impersonal and more humane society22Progress toward a society in which Ideas count more than33moneyThe fight against crime4465.Of course, we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you bewilling to fight for your country? (Code one answer):1 Yes2 NoI'm going to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tellme for each one, if it were to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?(Code one answer for each):Good6Don’t mindBad
66676869Less importance placed on work in our livesMore emphasis on the development of technologyGreater respect for authorityMore emphasis on family life111122223333(Show Card L)Now I will briefly describe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whetherthat person is very much like you, like you, somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you? (Code oneanswer for each description):VeryLike Some- A littleNotNot atmuchmewhatlike melikealllike melike memelike me70 It is important to this person to think up new ideasand be creative; to do things one’s own way.12345671 It is important to this person to be rich; to have alot of money and expensive things.12345672 Living in secure surroundings is important to thisperson; to avoid anything that might be dangerous.12345673 It is important to this person to have a good time;to “spoil” oneself.12345674 It is important to this person to help the peoplenearby; to care for their well-being.12345675 Being very successful is important to this person;to have people recognize one’s achievements.12345676 Adventure and taking risks are important to this23456person; to have an exciting life.177 It is important to this person to always behaveproperly; to avoid doing anything people would123456say is wrong.78 Looking after the environment is important to thisperson; to care for nature.12345679 Tradition is important to this person; to follow thecustoms handed down by one’s religion or family.123456(Show Card O)80How interested would you say you are in politics? Are you (read out and code one answer):1 Very interested2 Somewhat interested3 Not very interested4 Not at all interested(Show Card M)81 Here are two statements people sometimes make when discussing the environment and economic growth.Which of them comes closer to your own point of view? (Read out and code one answer):1 Protecting the environment should be given priority, even if it causes slower economic growth and someloss of jobs.2 Economic growth and creating jobs should be the top priority, even if the environment suffers to someextent.(Show Card N)I am going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one, can you tell me whether you stronglyagree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out and code one answer for each):7
828384I would give part of my income if I werecertain that the money would be used toprevent environmental pollution.I would agree to an increase in taxes if theextra money were used to preventenvironmental pollution.The Government should reduceenvironmental pollution, but it should notcost me any 3412341234I am going to read out a list of environmental problems facing many communities. Please, tell me how serious youconsider each one to be here in your own community. Is it very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious or notserious at all? (Read out and code one answer for each problem):858687Very serious111Poor water quality.Poor air quality.Poor sewage and sanitation.Somewhat serious222Not very serious333Not serious at all444Now let’s consider environmental problems in the world as a whole. Please, tell me how serious you consider eachof the following to be for the world as a whole. Is it very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious or not seriousat all? (Read out and code one answer for each problem):888990Veryserious111Global warming or the greenhouse effect.Loss of plant or animal species or biodiversity.Pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans.Somewhatserious222Not veryserious333Not seriousat all444(Show Card P)91 Imagine two secretaries, of the same age, doing practically the same job. One finds out that the other earnsconsiderably more than she does. The better paid secretary, however, is quicker, more efficient and morereliable at her job. In your opinion, is it fair or not fair that one secretary is paid more than the other? (Codeone answer):1 Fair2 Not fair(Show Card Q)92 Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with thestatement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number inbetween. (Code one number for each issue):Incomes should beWe need larger income differencesmade more equalas incentives for individual effort1234567891093Private ownership ofbusiness and industryshould be increased123456788Government ownership ofbusiness and industryshould be increased910
94 The government shouldtake more responsibility to ensurethat everyone is provided for1234569596Competition is good. Itstimulates people to work hardand develop new ideas1234578Competition is harmful. Itbrings out the worst in people67898Hard work doesn’t generallybring success—it’s more a matterof luck and connections9108Wealth can grow so there’senough for everyone910In the long run, hard workusually brings a better life123497 People can only get richat the expense of others123455People should take moreresponsibility toprovide for themselves910667710(Show Card R)98 Some people believe that individuals can decide their own destiny, while others think that it is impossible toescape a predetermined fate. Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this scale on which 1means “everything in life is determined by fate,” and 10 means that “people shape their fate themselves.”(Code one number):Everything isPeople shape theirdetermined by fatefate themselves12345678910(Show Card S)99How about people from other countries coming here to work. Which one of the following do you think thegovernment should do? (Read out and code one answer):1 Let anyone come who wants to?2 Let people come as long as there are jobs available?3 Place strict limits on the number of foreigners who can come here?4 Prohibit people coming here from other countries?9
I am going to name a number of organizations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have inthem: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all? (Read outand code one answer for each):A great dealQuite a lot Not very much None at all100The religious leaders1234101The armed forces1234102The press1234103Television1234104Labor unions1234105The police1234106The courts1234107The government (in your nation’s1234capital)108Political parties1234109Parliament1234110The Civil service1234111Major Companies1234112Environmental organizations1234113Women’s organizations1234114Charitable or humanitarian1234organizations115The United Nations1234I'm going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governingthis country. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing thiscountry? (Read out and code one answer for each):Very good Fairly good Fairly bad Very bad116Having a strong leader who does not haveto bother with parliament and elections1234117Having experts, not government, make decisionsaccording to what they think is best for the1234country118Having the army rule1234119Having a democratic political system1234(Show Card T)Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. Please tell me for eachof the following things how essential you think it is as a characteristic of democracy. Use this scale where 1 means“not at all an essential characteristic of democracy” and 10 means it definitely is “an essential characteristic ofdemocracy” (read out and code one answer for each):Not an essentialAn essentialcharacteristiccharacteristicof democracyof democracy120Governments tax the rich and subsidize the poor.1234 5 6789121Religious authorities interpret the laws.1234 5 6789122People choose their leaders in free elections.1234 5 6789123People receive state aid for unemployment.1234 5 6789124The army takes over when government is incompetent.1234 5 6789125Civil rights protect people’s liberty against oppression.1234 5 6789126The economy is prospering.1234 5 6789127Criminals are severely punished.1234 5 6789128People can change the laws in referendums.1234 5 6789129Women have the same rights as men.1234 5 67891010101010101010101010
130The political leader should stay in power only for a1234 5 67limited number of years131People should be free to recall their political leaders, if1234 5 67they fail to perform132 Do you think that a woman has to have children in order to be fulfilled or is this not necessary?12989108910Needs childrenNot necessaryDon't know [DO NOT READ OUT]133 In you view, what is the basis for marriage:1. parental approval2. Love3. DKIn your opinion, how important are each of the following traits in a woman?VerySomewhat Not veryimportant Important important important134Wearing a veil in public places1234135Being a good mother1234136Being a good wife1234137Being religious1234138Being educated1234139Having a job outside the home12341234140It is up to a woman to dress as shewishesNot at allimportant DK59595959595959I would like to ask your personal opinion about the following issues related to relationships between men andwomen. To what extent do you agree or disagree with men having more than one wife? Do you strongly agree,agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?INTERVIEWER: This same style should be used in asking both questions.Strongly Agree Neither agree DisagreeStronglyDKagreeor disagreedisagree141It is acceptable for a man to123459have more than one wife.142A wife must always obey123459her husband.143People have different views about the system for governing this country. Here is a scale for rating howwell the government is doing: 1 means very bad; 10 means very good.What point on this scale would you choose to describe how well the government is doing?1Bad1442345678910Very good99DkOn the whole are you very satisfied, rather satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the waydemocracy is developing in our country?1 Very satisfied2 Satisfied3 To some extent satisfied4 Not very satisfied11
59Not at all satisfiedDKI'm going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you pleasetell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each one of them?145Democracy may have problemsbut it's better than any other formof agree4DK9146 How satisfied are you with the way the government is handling the country's affairs? Would you say youare very satisfied, fairly satisfied, fairly dissatisfied or very dissatisfied?1.2.3.4.9.Very satisfiedFairly satisfiedFairly dissatisfiedVery dissatisfiedDK147 Generally speaking, would you say that this country’s economy is run by a few big interests looking out forthemselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?129Run by a few big interestsRun for all the peopleDon't know [DO NOT READ OUT](Show Card U)148 How important is it for you to live in a country that is governed democratically? On this scale where 1means it is “not at all important” and 10 means “absolutely important” what position would you choose?(Code one number):Not at allAbsolutelyimportantimportant12345678910(Show Card V)149 And how democratically is this country being governed today? Again using a scale from 1 to 10, where 1means that it is “not at all democratic” and 10 means that it is “completely democratic,” what position wouldyou choose? (Code one number):Not at allCompletelydemocraticdemocratic12345678910150 How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays in this country? Do you feel there is (readout and code one answer):1 A great deal of respect for individual human rights2 Fairly much respect3 Not much respect4 No respect at all151.1 Which is the first and second most serious problem for the world as a whole? (Code one answer under12
“next most serious for the world”):Most serious in theSecond most serious in the worldworldPeople living in poverty and need.11Discrimination against girls and women.22Poor sanitation and infectious diseases.33Inadequate education.44Environmental pollution.55151.2 And which is the first and second most serious problem for the world as a whole? (Code one answer under“next most serious for the world”):152.1 Which of these problems do you consider the most serious one in your own country? (Code one answerunder “most serious for own country”):152.2 And which is the next most serious for your own country? (Code one answer under “next most seriousfor own country”):Most serious in own countryNext most serious in own countryPeople living in poverty and need.11Discrimination of girls and women.22Poor sanitation and infectious diseases.33Inadequate education.44Environmental pollution.55153 Thinking at your own country’s problems, should your country’s leaders give top priority to help reducingpoverty in the world or should they give top priority to solve your own country’s problems? Use this scalewhere 1 means “top priority to help reducing misery in the world” and 10 means “top priority to solve myown country’s problems.” (Code one answer):Top priority to helpreducing poverty in the world123456789Top priority to solve myown country’s problems10Some people believe that certain kinds of problems could be better handled by the United Nations or regionalorganizations, such as the European Union, rather than by each national government separately. Others think thatthese problems should be left entirely to the national governments. I’m going to mention some problems. For eachone, would you tell me whether you think that policies in this area should be decided by the national governments,by regional organizations, or by the United Nations? (Read out and code one answer for each tionsNations154Peacekeeping123155Protection of the environment123156Aid to developing countries123157Refugees123158Human Rights123159 Now let’s turn to another topic. How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life?(Read out and code one answer!)1 Often2 Sometimes3 Rarely4 Never160 Do you belong to a religion or religious denomination? If yes, which one? (Code answer due to list below.Code 0, if respondent answers to have no denomination!)13
No: do not belong to a0denominationYes: Shi’i1Sunni2Zoroastrian3Armenian (Christian)4Christian non-Armenian5Jew6Other (write in): 66(NOTE: If your own society does not fit into this coding system, please devise an alternative, following thisas closely as possible; for example, in Islamic countries, ask about Sunni, Shia, etc. Send a list of thecategories used here along with your data.)161 How often do you pray daily?1. five times a day2. every day3. once or twice a week4. once or twice a month5. at no time9. DKWhich, if any, of the following do you believe in? (READ OUT AND CODE ONE ANSWER FOR EACH)YESNODK162Do you believe in God?129163Do you believe in life after death?129164Do you believe people have a soul?129165Do you believe in hell?129166Do you believe in heaven?129167 Do you find that you get comfort and strength from religion?129YesNoDon't know [DO NOT READ OUT]Now, I would like to know your views about a good government. Which of these traits a good government shouldhave?VerySomewhat LeastNotimportant Important important important important DK123459168It should make laws according to thepeople’s wishes169It should implement only the laws of the123459shari’a(Show Card X)170 Apart from weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend religious services these days? (Code oneanswer):1 More than once a week2 Once a week3 Once a month4 Only on special holy days5 Once a year14
6 Less often7 Never, practically never171 Independently of whether you attend religious services or not, would you say you are (read out and code oneanswer):1 A religious person2 Not a religious person3 An atheistGenerally speaking, do you think that the religious authorities in your country are giving adequate answers to (readout and code one answer for each):YesNo172 The moral problems and needs of the individual12173 The problems of family life12174 People’s spiritual needs12175 The social problems facing our society12(Show Card Y)176 How important is God in your life? Please use this scale to indicate. 10 means “very important” and 1 means“not at all important.” (Code one number):Not at all importantVery important12345678910177 Do you take some moments of prayer, meditation or contemplation or something like that?1 Yes2 No(Show Card Z)How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? (Read out and code one answer foreach statement):StronglyAgree Neither agreeDisagreeStronglyagreenor disagreedisagree178Politicians who do not believe inGod are unfit for public office.12345179Religious leaders should notinfluence how people vote in12345elections.180It would be better for Iran if morepeople with strong religious beliefs12345held public office.181Religious leaders should notinfluence government decisions.12345(Show Card AA)Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified,or something in between, using this card. (Read out and code one answer for each statement):182183184185Claiming government benefits to which you are notentitledAvoiding a fare on public transportCheating on taxes if you have a chanceSomeone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties15Neverjustifiable1 234567Alwaysjustifiable8 9 10111444555666777888222333999101010
tionDivorceEuthanasia—ending of the life of the incurable sickSuicideFor a man to beat his 7778888888999999910101010101010193 How proud are you to be Iranian (Read out and code one answer):1 Very proud2 Quite proud3 Not very proud4 Not at all proud5 I am not Iranian (do not read out! Code only if volunteered!)* [Substitute your own nationality for “French”]194 To which of these geographical groups would you say you belong first of all?Locality or town where you liveState or region of country where you liveIran as a wholeThe Middle East or Islamic world (Rahmat: One or theother not both)The world as a wholeDon't know [DO NOT READ OUT]123459195 Which of the following best describes you?12345Above all, I am an IranianAbove all, I am a MuslimAbove all, I am an TurkAbove all, I am a KurdOtherEvery country faces a number of regional and international problems. Among the following, which problems do youconsider very important (very serious), important, somewhat important, least important, or not important?196197198Aggression from a neighboring countryThe exploitation of this country’s naturalresources by powerful countriesCultural invasion by the WestVeryimportan Importantt121212SomewhatimportantLeastNotimportant important DK334455993459199 Do you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly with the following statement:“Television is my most important form of entertainment.”1. Agree strongly2. Agree3. Disagree4. Disagree Strongly9. DKPlease tell us if you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly with the following:16
200 Iran will be a better society if women are treatedwith more respect than they are now.201 Iran will be a better society if religion and politicsare separated.202 Iran will be a better society if its government wassimilar to Western (American or European)governmentsAgree strongly Agree12Disagree Disagree strongly DK3491234912349Where would you place the following countries on a scale of morality, where “1” means that society is culturallydecadent and people have a very low level of morality, and where “10” means that people in that society have a highlevel of morality? 99-DKCountryLow moralityHigh morality203Iraq12345678910204 Saudi 8910207Iran12345678910208The U.S.12345678910209Kuwait12345678910Where would place these countries on a scale th
Code one answer only under “second choice”) First choice Second choice A high level of economic growth 1 1 Making sure this country has strong defense forces 2 2 Seeing that people have more say about how things are done at their jobs and in their communities 3 3 Trying to make
