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TI-83 Plus GraphingCalculatorFORDUMmIES‰by C. C. Edwards

TI-83 Plus GraphingCalculatorFORDUMmIES‰

TI-83 Plus GraphingCalculatorFORDUMmIES‰by C. C. Edwards

TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies Published byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030-5774Copyright 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in CanadaNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except aspermitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the priorwritten permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy feeto the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, WileyPublishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4447, e-mail:permcoordinator@wiley.com.Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for theRest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related tradedress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and/or its affiliates in the UnitedStates and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are theproperty of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendormentioned in this book.LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: WHILE THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USEDTHEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK, THEY MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOKAND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES OR WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOTBE SUITABLE FOR YOUR SITUATION. YOU SHOULD CONSULT WITH A PROFESSIONAL WHERE APPROPRIATE. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT ORANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES.For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contactour Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax317-572-4002.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print maynot be available in electronic books.Library of Congress Control Number: 2003114874ISBN: 0-7645-4970-7Manufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 11B/QZ/RS/QT/IN

About the AuthorC. C. Edwards has a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University ofWisconsin, Milwaukee, and is currently teaching mathematics on theundergraduate and graduate levels. She has been using technologyin the classroom since before Texas Instruments came out with theirfirst graphing calculator, and she frequently gives workshops atnational and international conferences on using technology in theclassroom. She has written forty activities for the Texas InstrumentsExplorations Web site, and she was an editor of Eightysomething, anewsletter that used to be published by Texas Instruments. (She stillhasn’t forgiven TI for canceling that newsletter.)Just barely five feet tall, CC, as her friends call her, has three goalsin life: to be six inches taller, to have naturally curly hair, and to beindependently wealthy. As yet, she is nowhere close to meetingany of these goals. When she retires, she plans to become an oldlady carpenter.

DedicationThis book is dedicated to Mr. August, my sixth-grade teacher.

Author’s AcknowledgmentsI’d like to thank Connie Hughes, business development manager atTexas Instruments, for suggesting that I write this book and forhelping me get answers to my technical questions. And the folks atJohn Wiley & Sons who deserve special thanks are Melody Layne,acquisitions editor, and Kala Schrager and Christopher Morris,project editors. Melody and Kala very quickly taught me that aFor Dummies book is a very special type of book. They were likethe math student who always asks, “What’s this used for?” Chrisexplained the ropes to me, kept me on schedule, and gave meextremely good criticism. In fact, I think it is safe to say that thesethree people have made me a better teacher.On the home front I’d like to thank Stephen Shauger for volunteering to take over my teaching duties so that I could take the summeroff to write this book. And I give many, many thanks to my mathsoulmates Ioana Mihaila, Olcay Akman, and Fusun Akman for thestimulating conversations and great friendship. I also thank theirchildren Iulia, Cornelia, and Devin for the many happy times wehave had together. A special thanks goes to Devin for lending mehis TI-83 calculator.

Publisher’s AcknowledgmentsWe’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registrationform located at www.dummies.com/register/.Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:Acquisitions, Editorial, andMedia DevelopmentProject Editor: Christopher MorrisAcquisitions Editor: Melody LayneSenior Copy Editor: Barry Childs-HeltonTechnical Editor: Dr. Douglas Shaw,University of Northern IowaEditorial Manager: Kevin KirschnerPermissions Editor: Laura MossMedia Development Supervisor:Richard GravesEditorial Assistant: Amanda FoxworthCartoons: Rich Tennant, www.the5thwave.comProductionProject Coordinator: Maridee EnnisLayout and Graphics: Andrea Dahl,Joyce Haughey, Stephanie D. Jumper,Heather Ryan, Jacque Schneider,Shae Lynn WilsonProofreading: TECHBOOKS ProductionServicesIndexing: TECHBOOKS Production ServicesPublishing and Editorial for Technology DummiesRichard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group PublisherAndy Cummings, Vice President and PublisherMary C. Corder, Editorial DirectorPublishing for Consumer DummiesDiane Graves Steele, Vice President and PublisherJoyce Pepple, Acquisitions DirectorComposition ServicesGerry Fahey, Vice President of Production ServicesDebbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services

Contents at a GlanceIntroduction .1Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator .7Chapter 1: Coping with the Basics .9Chapter 2: Doing Basic Arithmetic .21Part II: Advanced Functions, ComplexNumbers, and Solving Equations .29Chapter 3: The Math and Angle Menus .31Chapter 4: Dealing with Complex Numbers .41Chapter 5: Solving Equations .45Part III: Dealing with Finances .51Chapter 6: Finding the Best Deal .53Chapter 7: Loans and Mortgages .57Chapter 8: Savings and Investments .63Part IV: Graphing and Analyzing Functions .67Chapter 9: Graphing Functions .69Chapter 10: Exploring Functions .83Chapter 11: Evaluating Functions .95Chapter 12: Drawing on a Graph .105Part V: Sequences, Parametric Equations,and Polar Equations .115Chapter 13: Graphing Sequences .117Chapter 14: Exploring Sequences .127Chapter 15: Parametric Equations .139Chapter 16: Polar Equations .157Part VI: Probability and Statistics .177Chapter 17: Probability .179Chapter 18: Dealing with Statistical Data .183Chapter 19: Analyzing Statistical Data .191Part VII: Dealing with Matrices .203Chapter 20: Creating and Editing Matrices .205Chapter 21: Using Matrices .211

Part VIII: Communicating with PCsand Other Calculators .217Chapter 22: Communicating with a PC with TI ConnectTM .219Chapter 23: Communicating Between Calculators .223Part IX: The Part of Tens .229Chapter 24: Ten Great Applications .231Chapter 25: Eight Common Errors .235Chapter 26: Eleven Common Error Messages .239Index.243

Table of ContentsIntroduction .1About This Book .1Conventions Used in This Book .2What You’re Not to Read .2Foolish Assumptions .3How This Book Is Organized .3Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator .3Part II: Advanced Functions, Complex Numbers,and Solving Equations .3Part III: Dealing with Finances .3Part IV: Graphing and Analyzing Functions .4Part V: Sequences, Parametric Equations,and Polar Equations .4Part VI: Probability and Statistics .4Part VII: Dealing with Matrices .4Part VIII: Communicating with PCs andOther Calculators .4Part IX: The Part of Tens .4Icons Used in This Book .5Where to Go from Here .5Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator .7Chapter 1: Coping with the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9When to Change the Batteries .9Turning the Calculator On and Off .10Using the Keyboard .10Accessing the Functions in Yellow .11Using the É key to write words .11Using the Õ key .12Using the Ñ key .12Using the Arrow keys .12What Is the Home Screen? .13The Busy Indicator .13Editing Entries .13Using Menus .14Accessing a menu .14Scrolling a Menu .15Selecting Menu Items .15Setting the Mode .16Using the Catalog .18

xivTI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator For DummiesChapter 2: Doing Basic Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Entering and Evaluating Expressions .21Important Keys .22Order of Operations .23Using the Previous Answer .24Recycling the Last Entry .25Storing Variables .26Combining Expressions .27Part II: Advanced Functions, Complex Numbers,and Solving Equations .29Chapter 3: The Math and Angle Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . 31The Math Menu and Submenus .31Using Math menu functions .32Inserting a Math menu function .32The Math MATH submenu .33The Math NUM submenu .35The Angle Menu .36Converting degrees to radians .37Converting radians to degrees .38Converting between degrees and DMS .38Entering angles in DMS measure .39Overriding the mode of the angle .39Chapter 4: Dealing with Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . 41Setting the Mode .41Using Complex Numbers .42The Math CPX Submenu .42Finding the conjugate of a complex number .43Finding the real or imaginary partof a complex number .43Finding the polar angle and modulus (magnitude)of a complex number .43Converting between rectangular and polar form .44Chapter 5: Solving Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Using the Equation Solver .45Step 1. Set the mode .46Step 2. Enter or edit the equation to be solved .46Step 3. Assign values to variables .47Step 4. Define the solution bounds .47Step 5. Guess a solution .48Step 6. Solve the equation .49Finding Multiple Solutions .49

Table of ContentsxvPart III: Dealing with Finances .51Chapter 6: Finding the Best Deal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Finding the Best Interest Rate .53Finding the effective rate .53Finding the nominal rate .54Leasing versus Borrowing .55Chapter 7: Loans and Mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Using the TVM Solver .57Using a TVM Value .60Finding Principal and Interest .60Finding the Balance .61Chapter 8: Savings and Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Reaching Financial Goals .63Finding Future Value of Money .64Finding Present Value of Money .65Part IV: Graphing and Analyzing Functions .67Chapter 9: Graphing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Entering Functions .69Graphing Functions .70Graphing Several Functions .73Is Your Graph Accurate? .76Piecewise-Defined Functions .77Graphing Trig Functions .79Viewing the Function and Graph on the Same Screen .79Saving and Recalling a Graph .80Chapter 10: Exploring Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Using Zoom Commands .83Tracing a Graph .86Displaying Functions in a Table .88Clearing a Table .91Viewing the Table and the Graph on the Same Screen .92Chapter 11: Evaluating Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Finding the Value of a Function .95Finding the Zeros of a Function .97Finding Min & Max .98Finding Points of Intersection .99Finding the Slope of a Curve .100Evaluating a Definite Integral .102