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ERM-146604/14

Chemical Weed and Brush ControlSuggestions for RangelandRobert K. Lyons, Jim Ansley, Wayne Hamilton,Larry Redmon, Barron Rector and Megan Clayton*This publication provides general suggestions for herbicides used to control brush and weeds on Texas rangelands. It also givesinformation on the levels of control expected. The information is presented in good faith, but no warranty, express or implied, isgiven. Weed and brush control results may vary tremendously if treatments are applied under less than optimum conditions. Usersof this publication may find the decision support system for rangeland weed and brush control technology selection—PESTMAN—helpful. PESTMAN is designed to recommend appropriate mechanical and chemical rangeland brush and weed control treatmentsfor Texas and New Mexico. All herbicide treatments included in this publication are also included in PESTMAN, which helps inestimating costs and the economic impact of various treatment options. PESTMAN is an Internet-based system (http://pestman.tamu.edu) that can be accessed free of charge.How to Use This Guide1. Find your problem weed or brush species in the Index onpage 4.2. Go to the pages where your plant is listed; find the plantname in the first column on those pages.3. See the second column on those pages for a list of suggestedherbicides (these are active ingredients).4. Choose herbicides based on:a. Whether you would like to make a broadcastapplication or treat individual plants (third or fourthcolumn).b. Check the effectiveness (VH, H, M, and L), which tellsyou the percentage of plants you should expect to killwith that herbicide and rate. For percent kill ranges, seePage 5.c. See the fifth column for the method to use—how toapply the chemical. This could be foliar, stem, cutstump, aerial, etc.5. The three columns on the right explain other details, suchas how much surfactant to use, when to treat the plant,and any exceptions. Be sure to read these before choosing aherbicide.6. Go to page 6 and match the herbicide you chose forcontrolling the problem plant with product names you aremore likely to know.7. For tips on measuring and mixing herbicides, see page 7.*Professor and Extension Range Specialist, Professor and Research Scientist, Senior Lecturer, Professor and Extension Forage Specialist,Associate Professor and Extension Range Specialist, and Assistant Professor and Extension Range Specialist, The Texas A&M System

IndexControl descriptions for weed and brush plants are located on the page numbers indicated. Carefully check the chart. More than one control measure may exist.Weed speciesPageAfrican rue.8Berlandier lobelia. 8, 9Bitter sneezeweed . 8, 9Broomweed (annual or common). 9, 10Broom snakeweed. 10, 11Buffalobur. 8, 9Bullnettle.11Camphorweed. 8, 9Carolina horsenettle.11Cocklebur. 8, 9Common goldenweed. 11, 12Croton. 8, 9Dogfennel.11Drummond’s goldenweed. 11, 12Flathead sedge.12Garbancillo.12Gray goldaster.13Horehound. 8, 9Jimmyweed.14Lespedeza.13Marshelder. 8, 9Narrowleaf goldaster.13Perennial broomweed. 10, 11Plantain. 9, 10Prairie gerardia. 8, 9Ragweed. 8, 9Rayless goldenrod.14Rosin weed.11Silverleaf nightshade.11Smartweed. 8, 9Spiny aster.14Sunflower. 8, 9Tallowweed. 9, 10Thistles. 8, 9Threadleaf groundsel.12, 14Treadsalve.11Twinleaf (twoleaf) senna.15Upright prairie-coneflower. 11, 15Western bitterweed. 8, 9Western horsenettle.11Western ragweed. 8, 9Wild carrot. 9, 10Wolfweed.14Woolly locoweed.12Yankeeweed.11Brush speciesPageAshe juniper.16Baccharis.16, 17Beebrush.18, 34Beebush.18, 34Bigelow shinoak.17Blackberry.18Blackbrush. 17, 18, 30Blackgum.19Blackjack oak.18, 19Blueberry cedar.16Bois d’arc. 17, 18Burrobrush.19Catclaw acacia. 17, 30Catclaw mimosa.17, 19, 30Cenizo.19Chinese tallowtree.17, 19, 20Cholla.16Christ thorn .20, 25, 26Common persimmon. 20Creosotebush.21Dog cactus.16Dryland willow.16, 17Eastern persimmon. 20Eastern redcedar.21Elm.17, 18, 21Flameleaf sumac. 22Giantreed. 22Granjeno.21, 30Greenbriar. 17, 22Guajillo.18, 30Hackberry.17, 18, 21Hardwoods.19, 22, 26Hercules club.17, 18, 21Honeylocust. 22Huisache. 21, 23, 24, 25, 30Lotebush. 18, 21, 24Macartney rose.24, 25Mesquite. 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30Mesquite, western honey. 29Mixed brush–South Texas. 30Mixed brush–Davis Mountains. 30Mohrs shinoak. 30Post oak.18, 19Pricklyash (Hercules club).17, 18, 21Pricklypear.30, 31Redberry cedar.16, 32Redberry juniper.16, 32Retama.24, 30Roosevelt willow.16, 17Running live oak. 32Sacahuista. 33Saltcedar. 33Sand sagebrush. 33Sand shinnery oak. 34Saw palmetto. 34Seep willow.16, 17Skunkbush. 30Spiny hackberry.21, 30Sweetgum.19Tarbush.21Tasajillo.16, 30, 31Texas persimmon.17Twisted acacia. 25, 30White shinoak.17Whitebrush.18, 30, 34Whitethorn acacia.21Willow.18Willow baccharis.16, 17Winged elm.17, 18, 19Yaupon. 17, 21Yucca. 35

Millions of acres of Texas rangeland support an excessive cover of woody plantsand forbs. Dense stands of brush and weeds use valuable water for growth, reduce grass production and result in soil erosion. These noxious plants must bemanaged effectively for rangelands to reach their productive potential. Use of herbicidesprovides an effective and efficient alternative for controlling brush and weeds for improvement and maintenance of rangelands in a highly productive condition.This publication lists current suggestions for herbicide use to control brush and weeds onrangeland. Some herbicides provide a high degree of control of certain species; however,seldom is a species eradicated. Consider other potential rangeland uses when developing abrush management program. Many trees, shrubs and forbs are valuable as food and coverfor wildlife and may be an important component in livestock diets. Therefore, a brushmanagement program should provide for use of control methods that give optimum benefits to livestock and wildlife.Herbicide application may increase palatability of poisonous plants. Thus, they are morelikely to be consumed by livestock. To prevent losses to toxic plants, herbicide-treatedareas with poisonous plants present should not be grazed until the toxic plants dry up andlose their palatability.Properly used herbicides are effective and safe. Misuse can result in poor brush and weedcontrol and possible hazards associated with herbicidal drift, dangerous residues, or killingdesirable plants. Listed below are points to follow for proper herbicide use: Identify the weed or brush species and evaluate the need for control. Consider expected benefits, costs and alternative control practices. Select and purchase the suggested herbicide for the weed or brush species. Read and follow herbicide label directions for allowable uses, application rates and special handling or mixing requirements. Provide and require the use of proper safety equipment. Calibrate spray equipment. Mix herbicides in a ventilated area, preferably outside. Spray under conditions that prevent drift to susceptible crops. Apply the herbicides at the suggested rate and time. The sprayer used must apply the correct quantity of herbicide mixture to a specific area. Tocalibrate spray equipment, see Extension publication L-5465, “Weed Busters: Sprayer Calibration Guide.”Suggestions on use of herbicides made by the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are basedupon effectiveness under Texas conditions.Broadcast and individual plant treatments are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Individualplant treatments are suited for control of thin stands of brush and selective control. Broadcast treatments are useful for dense stands of brush and for weed control.Suggested herbicides must be registered and labeled for use by the Environmental Protection Agency. Because the status of herbicide label clearance is subject to change, be certainthat the herbicide is currently labeled for the intended use.The user is always responsible for the effects of herbicide residue on his livestock and crops,as well as for problems that could arise from drift or movement of the herbicide from hisproperty to that of others. Always read and follow carefully the instructions on the containerlabel.Treatment Control RatingsA control rating, based on the effectiveness of a herbicide treatment in controlling a targetplant, has been assigned to each herbicide use suggestion. These ratings were determinedfrom research and result demonstration data and from observations of commercial applications. The rating represents a degree of plant mortality of the target plant species whenthe treatment is properly applied under optimum conditions. The rating categories anddegree of plant mortality are:Control ratingPercent of plants killedVery high76-100High56-75Moderate36-55Low0-35Keep a record of the herbicide used, the time required to spray, weather conditions, rateof herbicide in carrier, date, location, and the person using the herbicide.Introduction5

Common, Chemical and Product Names of Herbicides*Herbicide common nameChemical nameAminopyralid2-pyridine carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3, 6-dichloro-2-pyrdine carboxylic acid,triisopropanolammonium saltProduct nameActive ingredientor acid equivalentAminopyralid:2,4-D (1:8)See Aminopyralid and 2,4-DGrazonNext HL3.75 lb/galAminopyralid:Clopyralid (1:4.6)See Aminopyralid and ClopyralidSendero2.8 lb/galAminopyralid:Metsulfuronmethyl (1:6.2)See Aminopyralid and MetsulfuronChaparral0.62 lb/lbClopyralid3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acidPyramid R&P, Clopyralid 33 lb/gal2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acidWeedar 64,Broad Range 55, Hi-Dep,Weedone LV4, Esteron 99 and othersamine salts, free acids and estersof variable concentrationDicamba3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acidBanvel, Clarity, Vision4 lb/galDicamba:2,4-D(1:3)See Dicamba and 2,4-DWeedmaster, Banvel 2,4-D, RangeStar,Outlaw4 lb/galDiesel fuel oil or kerosenerefined petroleum fractionsSeveral manufacturersFluroxypyr1-methylheptyl ester: etic acidVista XRT2.8 lb/galGlyphosateN-(phosphonomethyl) glycineSeveral including Rodeo**, Roundup,Roundup Ultradry, Glyphosate 417isopropylamine salt, concentrationvaries depending on the methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(IH, 3H)-dioneVelpar L, Pronone Power Pellet2 lb/gal (Velpar L)75% (Pronone Power ethy)-5-oxo-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidArsenal, Habitat**2 lb/galMetsulfuron methylmethyl carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl] benzoateEscort, Clean Pasture, MSM 60DF60%Metsulfuron:Chlorosulfuron (3:1)See Metsulfuron methyl )aminocarbonyl]benzenesulfonamideCimarron Plus48% metsulfuron15% ChlorosulfuronMetsulfuron:Chlorosulfuron (1:1)See Metsulfuron: ChlorosulfuronCimarron X-Tra30% Metsulfuron37.5% ChlorosulfuronMetsulfuron methylDicamba:2,4-D(1:3)See Metsulfuron methyl, dicamba and 2,4-DCimarron Max60% (Part A)3.87 lb/gal (Part ylic acidTordon 22K, Triumph 22K, Picloram 22K2 lb/galPicloram:Fluroxypyr (1:1)See Picloram and FluroxypyrSurmount1.34 lb/galPicloram:2,4-D(1:4)See Picloram and 2,4-DGrazon P D, Gunslinger, Picloram D2.5 adiazol-2-yl}-N-N’-dimethylureaSpike 20P, Spike 80 DF20% (Spike 20P)80% (Spike 80 ic acidClear Pasture, Pathfinder II, TriclopyrR&PRemedy Ultra, Triclopyr 4 EC0.75 lb/gal (Pathfinder II–ready to useformulation for stem sprays)4 lb/gal (all others)Triclopyr:Fluroxypr (3:1)See Triclopyr and FluroxypyrPastureGard HL4 lb/galTriclopyr:2,4-D(1:2)See Triclopyr and 2,4-DCrossbow3 lb/gal*Herbicides have been identified by the accepted Weed Science Society of America common name, and when practical, one or more product names.**Aquatic label6Common, Chemical and Product Names of Herbicides