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Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationC O N T E N T S ixDiscussion questionsFurther readingReferences134134134[CHAPTER 7]ELECTIONS, THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND THE AUSTRALIAN VOTER137IntroductionAustralian electoral systemsAustralian electionsThe development and role of political partiesThe impact of parties on parliamentTheorising the Australian voterSummaryDiscussion questionsFurther APTER 8]THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAJOR PARTIES161IntroductionAustralia’s major parties: History and evolutionAustralia’s major parties and votersTheorising Australia’s major partiesUnderstanding Australia’s parties from a comparative perspectiveSummaryDiscussion questionsFurther ER 9]A GROWING INFLUENCE: MINOR PARTIES AND INDEPENDENTS186IntroductionAustralia’s minor parties and independentsAustralia’s minor partiesMinor parties and the party systemIndependents in the Australian Federal ParliamentWhat determines the success and failure of minor parties and independents?SummaryDiscussion questions in this web service Cambridge University Press187188189200201204207207www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore Informationx CONTENTSFurther readingReferences208208[CHAPTER 10]FOLLOW THE LEADER: POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN AUSTRALIAIntroductionLeadership and democracyTheorising political leadershipPolitical leadership in AustraliaDoes Australia have a leadership problem?Gender and leadershipSummaryDiscussion questionsFurther [CHAPTER 11]THE FOURTH ESTATE: NEWS MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGEIntroductionThe public sphereTheories of the media in a democracyThe changing Australian media landscapeOpportunities and challenges of digital media technologiesSummaryDiscussion questionsFurther APTER 12]HAVING A VOICE: CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND ENGAGEMENTIntroductionThe organisational landscape of citizen participationBeyond the electoral cycle: Government mechanisms for engaging citizensKey challenges for citizen participation and engagementSummaryDiscussion questionsFurther readingReferences in this web service Cambridge University Press261262262271276280280281281www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationC O N T E N T S xi[CHAPTER 13]CONCLUSION285IntroductionSix key challenges for Australian democracy in the 21st centuryDoes domestic politics matter? Has globalisation constrained 00 in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationUSING YOUR VITALSOURCE EBOOKOnce you have registered your VitalSource access code (see the inside front cover for instructions), youwill have access to the enhanced eBook via your VitalSource Bookshelf. he navigation instructionsbelow provide a general overview of the main features used within the enhanced eBook.ICONShis icon is used throughout the textbook to indicate the presence of an interactive componentin the eBook. A descriptor below indicates the type of content available.NAVIGATION AND SEARCHMove between pages and sections in multiple ways, includingvia the linked table of contents and the search tool.HIGHLIGHTHighlight text in your choice of colours with one click. Addnotes to highlighted passages.KEY TERMSHover over bold terms to display pop-up deinitions of keyconcepts.AUTHOR PANELStart each chapter with the author panel podcast. heseaudio clips provide an extended discussion of the topicswithin the chapter. Click the icon to listen.xii in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationU S I N G Y O U R V I T A L S O U R C E E B O O K xiiiSHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSRead the question and type your answer in the box.Submit your answers to view the guided solutions andassess your results. Note that the solution pop-ups canbe moved about the page.REFLECTION QUESTIONShroughout the chapter, respond to the relection questionsand use the prompts to assess your responses. Note that thesolution pop-ups can be moved about the page.RESEARCH QUESTIONSEngage in further reading to respond to the researchquestions and use the prompts to assess your answers.Note that the solution pop-ups can be moved about thepage.VIDEOSView relevant video content to extend your knowledgeon the topics presented in the book. Click the icon,which links to the video.DISCUSSION QUESTIONSRespond to the discussion questions at the end of eachchapter and use the guided solutions to assess yourresponses. Note that the solution pop-ups can be movedabout the page. in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationABOUT THE AUTHORSDr Glenn Kefford is a Lecturer in the Department of Modern History, Politics and InternationalRelations at Macquarie University. His research focuses on Australian and comparative politics with anemphasis on political parties, elections and campaigning. He has published widely on these topics and isa regular contributor to the media.Dr Hannah Murphy-Gregory is a Lecturer in the Politics and International Relations Program ofthe School of Social Sciences at the University of Tasmania. She specialises in the roles and impactof NGO campaigns on contentious social, economic and environmental issues. Her published worksanalyse the roles and impact of NGOs in policy-making at the local, national and global levels in diverseissue areas including marine governance, public health, international trade, labour standards andforeign investment rules. Dr Murphy-Gregory’s research is published in a range of international outletsincluding Environmental Politics, Review of International Political Economy and Global Policy.Ian Ward is an Honorary Associate Professor at the University of Queensland where he previouslytaught politics for many years. He has contributed to various introductory Australian politics texts,including several editions of Politics One. He has written extensively about political parties and politicsand the media.Stewart Jackson is a Lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations at theUniversity of Sydney, Australia. He researches green and environmental parties in the Asia–Paciicregion. He also has research interests in the structure and composition of social movement mobilisationsin Australia. His previous book, he Australian Greens: From Activism to Australia’s hird Party, waspublished in 2016, and he is currently working on a new monograph on the life and times of Australianantinuclear activist and former Greens Senator, Jo Vallentine.Dr Lloyd Cox is a Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Macquarie University, havingpreviously taught at La Trobe University and the US Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. Hisvaried research and publications include articles on Australian politics, US politics, nationalism andglobalisation, and revenge in international politics. More recently, his research has turned to exploringthe relationship between politics and collective emotions. He teaches units on Australian and US politicsand is particularly interested in the pedagogy around more efectively communicating political ideas toundergraduate students.Dr Andrea Carson is an Associate Professor lecturing in media and communication at La TrobeUniversity. Her work examines changes in the news media – with a focus on investigative journalism –and the role of digital media technologies. She is a Chief Investigator of an Australian Research CouncilDiscovery Award (2018–2020) examining inluences, such as the media, on public policy decisionmaking. She has done extensive research on journalism, Australian politics and public policy. Otherresearch interests include party representation, voter behaviour and election campaigning. Andrea hastaught courses on political communication, politics and the media, and campaigns and elections. Shehas worked as a print journalist (he Age); radio (ABC) and TV producer (ABC 7:30), and as a radiobroadcaster (3RRR).xiv in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore InformationACKNOWLEDGEMENTShe authors and Cambridge University Press would like to thank the following for permission toreproduce material in this book.Figure 1.1: Courtesy Museum Victoria: 05107; 2.1: Getty Images/DigitalVision Vectors; 3.1: Courtesy Parliamentary Education Oice;3.2: Commonwealth of Australia (Australian Electoral Commission) 2018. IF derivative: hisproduct [Australian Politics in the Twenty-irst Century] incorporates data that is Commonwealthof Australia (Australian Electoral Commission) 2018. he Federal Electoral Boundaries Map 2016(‘Map’) has been used in Australian Politics in the Twenty-irst Century with the permission of theAustralian Electoral Commission. he Australian Electoral Commission has not evaluated theMap as altered and incorporated within Australian Politics in the Twenty-irst Century, and gives nowarranty regarding its accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose;6.1: Getty Images/Stefan Postles/Stringer; 7.1: Wikimedia Commons, State Library of New SouthWales; 7.2: Watson, James, Approximately, Engraver, and Joshua Reynolds. Edmund Burke, headand-shoulders portrait, facing let, in medallion / Sr. Joshua Reynolds pinxt. ; James Watson fecit.[London: Printed for J. Watson , June] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/2001696982/ ; 13.1: Getty Images/Peter Parks/Contributor.Every efort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. he publisher apologises for anyaccidental infringement and welcomes information that would redress this situation.xv in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press978-1-108-57756-4 — Australian Politics in the Twenty-First CenturyGlenn Kefford , Hannah Murphy-Gregory , Ian Ward , Stewart Jackson , Lloyd Cox , Andrea CarsonFrontmatterMore Information in this web service Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly. Because, as men and women of Australia, every one of us should know how our preci ous democracy works; should work to strengthen and protect it; a nd should play our part as a citizen to make ou