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Module 2PAB (blue seal)PAB (orange seal)Can no longer be registeredMaximum unladen weight of 20kg(applies only on public paths)Maximum unladen weight of 20kgMaximum width of 70cm (applies only on public paths) to allow devicesto cross each other safely on public pathsPABs must not be equipped with any start-up assistance features orthrottlesThe motor power of the PAB can only cut in when the rider starts topedalThe motor power of the PAB must cut off when the PAB rider stopspedallingThe electric motor must stop providing further power assistancewhen the PAB attains a speed of 25 km/h, or the speed at which thePAB’s electric motor is designed to stop providing power assistance,whichever is lowerThe aggregate maximum poweroutput rating of the electric motorof the PAB must not exceed 200watts-The maximum continuous ratedpower of the PAB’s electric motormust not exceed 250 wattsMust comply with EN15194, aEuropean safety standard forelectrical power-assisted bicycles22

Module 2c)When purchasing a PAB, verify that it is installed andsupplied with an original battery model. You can comparethe battery specifications against the list of approved PABmodels on LTA’s One Motoring website.d)Do not modify or tamper with a PAB’s original electrical ormechanical components. Examples of such componentsinclude, but are not limited to:BatteriesElectric cables/connections and wiringsMotorHandlebar, frame and suspensionSaddle and seat postPAB Registrationa)PABs must be approved, sealed and registered at anLTA-Authorised Inspection Centre before use. The typeapproval process will check for compliance with thedevice criteria.b)All PABs must be affixed with a blue ororange seal bearing LTA’s logo and aserialised number. Do not tamper with orremove the seal.23

Module 2c)The number plate bearing the registration number mustbe permanently affixed on the rear of the PAB and clearlyvisible.2.2 Device Standards (EN15194) and FireSafetya)PABs must comply with EN15194, a European safetystandard for electrical power-assisted bicycles.b)Owners should practise proper and safe handlingto prevent overheating and minimise the risk of fireincidents, such as:Charge on hard, open and flat surfaces away fromcombustible materials.Charge in a cool room and away from heat.Do not cover the device with any fabric duringcharging as it slows heat dissipation.Avoid overcharging. Do not leave batteries ordevices to charge overnight. Overcharging thebattery could result in overheating that may resultin a fire.24

Module 2Allow for heat dissipation. Avoid charging thedevice when it is hot (e.g. immediately afteruse) as it may lead to unforeseen damage thatcompromises the safety of the device.Avoid charging the battery when wet. Allow thedevice to dry before charging it to preventshort circuits.Check batteries for any damage or deformities(e.g. corroded or powdery batteries) regularly.Keep and store devices properly. Batteries shouldbe stored at room temperature.Do not modify or tamper with the device’s originalelectrical components, such as retrofittingadditional lights and electrical/ electronicaccessories that draw power from the PABelectrical system.Only use power adaptors that are recommendedby the PAB manufacturer and have aSAFETY MARK.25

Module 22.3 Maintenance of a PABa)PABs should be maintained about once a month to keepthe device in good riding condition. Refer to the devicemanual for instructions.b)You should bring your PAB for servicing at least onceevery 3 to 6 months.c)Do not replace any PAB parts with third-party parts, as itposes a fire risk. Replacement of parts should be doneby an authorised retailer who can replace the worn-outparts with the original manufacturer’s parts. For example,worn-out batteries should only be replaced with anoriginal battery according to the approved specifications.2.4 Pre-Ride Equipment Check on PABsBefore riding a PAB, you should check that the PAB is:In Good Working Conditiona)Check that the brakes are working properly and are notworn out. Squeeze the brake levers to check that theyare working properly and that they provide resistive forceon the wheels.b)Check that wheels are properly inflated. They shouldbe hard to squeeze. There should be no visible cracksor tears on the tyre rubber, and tire grooves should beclearly visible. Also check for cracks on the body frame.26

Module 2c)For foldable devices, check that all latches are lockedproperly.d)Ensure that the seat is at a comfortable height. If youcannot touch the ground with your feet on either sideof the PAB, you will not have full control of your devicewhen stopping.e)Adjust the height of the seat such that there will be aslight bend at the knee on the extended leg (about 20degrees) when your foot is on the pedal at the lowestposition.f)The seat angle can also be adjusted to your comfort.If it is tilted too far forward or backward, it can causenumbness or injury.27

Module 2Managing Loadsa)Loads and accessories (e.g. saddle bags, phone mountetc.) must be properly secured.b)They should not block your view or affect your steering.Heavy loads can make it hard to control your device.They also should not block your lights or number plate.c)Only carry passengers if your device has proper seats forpassengers. Passengers should not block your view.d)Pillion riding is only allowed if the PAB is originallydesigned for it. Pillion seats should not be retrofitted onyour PAB. Pillion riders must be minimally 16 years old.28

Module 2Checking on Lightsa)Bicycles and PABs should be equipped with a front whitelight and rear red light.b)Lights must be turned on when riding between 7 p.m.to 7 a.m. for visibility. Check that the lights are workingbefore starting a ride. It is an offence to ride without lightsat night.c)Your lights should not be too bright or projected into theface of others as they may cause momentary blindness.d)Do not retrofit your device with lights that tap onthe battery of the device. This is considered illegalmodification.29

Module 22.5Safety Gear and Attirea)Wearing of helmets is compulsory on roads andencouraged on paths for safety. A helmet reducesthe chance of severe head injuries in the event of anaccident.Ensure that your helmet fits well and secure itproperly.Do not use a cracked or damaged helmet. Youshould replace a helmet that has been in anaccident as it may be damaged.You should use a helmet approved by recognisedtesting standards.b)Wear bright coloured, fluorescent or reflective clothing toincrease visibility.c)You should carry an In Case of Emergency (ICE) card oran ID tag containing information such as name, NRIC,blood group, emergency contact and drug allergies (ifany) which may be needed in an emergency.d)Do not wear loose clothing, such as ponchos, that mayget caught in the wheels.30

Module 22.6 Parking, Security and Storageof Devicea)Park your deviceresponsibly and donot cause obstructionor inconvenience toothers. Do not park onwalkways, at bus stopsor by trees and lampposts.b)You should park atdesignated parkingspaces such as yellowboxes or bicycle racksin a neat and orderlyfashion. You can usethe MyTransport.SGmobile app to searchfor public bicycleparking spaces nearyou.c)If your parked device causes obstruction orinconvenience, you may be fined and your device may beimpounded.d)Secure your device to prevent theft.31

Module 22.7 Planning Your JourneyMoving on Cycling Paths and Roadsa)PABs are not allowed on footpaths. They are allowed onroads and cycling paths.b)Riding on expressways or in tunnels is strictly prohibitedfor riders’ safety. A list of expressways and tunnels canbe found on LTA’s One Motoring website.c)If part of the route is on footpaths, PAB riders mustdismount and push their PABs or move to the road whentraversing across such sections.d)You should plan your route before riding on roads orcycling paths. A map of the cycling path networks isavailable on the LTA website on the MyTransport.SGmobile app.e)Avoid roads with fast-moving vehicles.Bringing PABs on Public Transporta)PABs and bicyclesare allowed on publicbuses and trains ifthey do not exceed thesize limit (120cm by70cm by 40cm). Usethe size checkers atMRT stations and businterchanges.32

Module 2b)Foldable devices must be kept folded as protruding partsmay injure others or damage property.c)Motorised devices must be switched off on boardbuses and trains.d)Devices are not allowed on the staircase or upper deck ofbuses.e)Do not ride in MRT/LRT stations, bus interchanges/terminals, or on trains and buses. Dismount and push,wheel or carry your devices at these areas.f)Do not block aisles and doors. You should move towardsless crowded train cars.2.8 Third-Party Liability Insurancea)Third-party liability insurance covers claims against youin the event of an accident (e.g. costs results from injuriesto others or property damage). Some products also coveryour personal accident expenses.b)If you ride any active mobility devices in the course ofyour work, you must be covered by third party liabilityinsurance. Please refer to go.gov.sg/am-insurance formore information about approved products.c)Even if you are riding for leisure, you are encouraged tobuy third-party liability insurance.33

Module 3MODULE 3Rules and Code of Conduct forUsing a PAB34

Module 3Learning Outcomes1.Describe briefly how to handle a PAB.2.Recognise different path types, signs and infrastructureand explain the appropriate actions to take whenencountering them.3.List at least 3 rules for riding a PAB on paths.4.List at least 3 rules for riding a PAB on roads.5.Describe the steps to take in 3 different off-roadscenarios.6.Describe the steps to take in 9 different on-roadscenarios.7.Recognise different hazards when riding and explain howto react to them.8.Describe the actions to take in an accident.35

Module 3Topics3.1PAB Handling Skills3.2Types of Paths, Signs and Infrastructure3.3Rules and Regulations for PABs3.4Navigating Off-Road Scenarios3.5Navigating On-Road Scenarios3.6Good Practices and Code of Conduct – Riding aPAB on Paths and Roads3.7Identification of Potential Hazards3.8What to Do in an Accident36

Module 33.1 PAB Handling Skills3.1.1 Starting and Stoppinga)Maintain control of handlebars.b)When stopping, come to a gradual stop by brakinggently. Avoid braking suddenly as you may lose control.c)Do not swerve from side to side.3.1.2 Moving in a Straight Linea)Look forward and ahead rather than down.b)Keep your shoulders relaxed when steering.c)Do not jerk the handlebars.3.1.3 Hand Signalsa)Raise your hand early to indicate which direction you areturning to.I intend tomove out tothe right or turnright.I intend tomove out tothe left or turnleft.I intend toslow down.I intend tostop.37

Module 3b)Maintain control of your handlebars when signalling.c)Do not swerve from side to side while signalling.3.1.4 Turning Left or Righta)Keep pedalling to manoeuvre smoothly when turning.b)Look out for oncoming path users behind you beforeturning.c)Inform nearby path users of the direction you are turningto by using the hand signals. Ring your bell or call out ifneeded.3.1.5 Riding at Low Speedsa)Keep your shoulders relaxed and do not jerk thehandlebars.b)Dismount and push the device if you feel unstable oruneasy.3.1.6 Riding Uphill or Downhilla)If you are not confident of controlling your device whengoing uphill or downhill, dismount and push instead.b)Brake gently while going downhill to control your speed.c)Do not brake suddenly or jerk the handlebars as you maylose control.38

Module 33.2 Types of Paths, Signs and PathInfrastructurea)There are 2 types of public paths: footpaths andcycling paths.b)PABs can only be ridden on cycling paths and roads(except expressways, expressway tunnels and roadtunnels).c)Dismount and push your PAB when on footpaths.d)Obey all path markings, signs and traffic signals.3.2.1 Recognising Footpaths and CyclingPathsFootpathsa)Footpaths are generallygrey and do not havemarkings or treatments.b)Open spacesconnected to paths,e.g. courtyards,community/ townplazas and squares arealso footpaths.39

Module 3c)Only PMAs, bicycles and non-motorised PMDs areallowed on footpaths.d)The speed limit on footpaths is 10km/h.Cycling Pathsa)Cycling paths can be identified by the cyclist, bicycle,pedestrian and bicycle or “PCN” logos painted at thestart of the cycling path. All active mobility devices areallowed on these paths.b)Cycling paths along the road are generally grey or red.Some cycling paths in public housing estates may comein a variety of colours (e.g. blue, green and orange).40

Module 33.2.2 Special Zones PathsPedestrian Priority Zonesa)Pedestrian Priority Zone is applied on cycling pathswhere conflicts between riders and pedestrians oftenoccur (e.g. pedestrian crossings, behind bus stops). Theyare marked by a break in the coloured cycling paths andred dashed lines.b)Watch out for other path users and slow down towalking speed or dismount and push if there are manypedestrians.School Zonesa)School Zone is appliedon footpaths outsidesome schools to createa safer environmentfor children. They aremarked by a “SchoolZone” logo, “Slow”markings and rumblingstrips on the ground toremind path users toslow down.41

Module 3b)Motorised PMDs(including e-scooters)and PABs are notallowed in these zonesas they are footpaths.Pedestrian-Only Zonesa)Pedestrian-only zonesare marked by “NoRiding” signs andred triangle markingson the ground. Forexample, parts ofBedok town centreare designated aspedestrian-only zones.b)Only PMAs can beridden in these zones.Riding other devicesin these zones is anoffence.42

Module 33.2.3 Path Signs and MarkingsTypes of Path SignsProhibitory SignsPedestrian or CyclistCrossing ProhibitionNo RidingRiding is not allowedin this area. All deviceusers (except PMAusers) are required todismount and push.Pedestrians and riders arenot allowed to cross at thislocation. Use the crossingahead instead.These signs can befound at pedestrianoverhead bridges andpedestrian-only zones.It is an offence to ride inareas or paths with “NoRiding” signs.43

Module 3Warning SignsGo Slow and Give Way toPedestriansWatch Out for VehiclesSlow down and look out forapproaching vehicles.Slow down and give wayto pedestrians.SlowCaution – Low HeadroomSlow down and ridecautiously beyond the sign.Be cautious of the lowheadroom ahead.Slope Ahead – Slow DownSlow down and takecaution on the slope ahead.44

Module 3Advisory SignsStay on TrackShared TrackSegregatedpedestrian andcycling pathsprovided. Stay onyour respectivepaths and keep left.The path is sharedby both riders andpedestrians.Keep left and giveway to pedestrianswhen riding.Typically denotesthe start of a cyclingpath.Typically denotesthe start of a cyclingpath.Information Signs/ Markings/ SignalsCyclist logoPCN logoPedestrianand cyclistlogoBicycle logo45

Module 3Information Signs/ Markings/ SignalsPedestrian-Only MarkingsRiding is not allowed inareas marked by thesered triangles. The redtriangles point towards thepedestrian-only area.Bicycle CrossingRiders are to use thebicycle crossing provided.All device users (exceptPMA users) must dismountand push.Bicycle Crossing with‘Stop’ or ‘Look’ boxRiders should use thebicycle crossing provided.Wait behind the solidyellow line for the lights toturn green.46

Module 33.2.4 Types of Road CrossingsUse proper crossings as much as possible. All riders mustslow down, stop and look out for approaching vehicles beforecrossing the road at walking speed. It is an offence not to stopbefore crossing the road.Signalised CrossingsBicycle CrossingsPedestrian CrossingsRiders should keepleft and stay withinthe dedicated cyclinglane.These crossings donot have dedicatedcycling lanes.Riders should keepto the left and ride inan orderly manner.Do not attempt tocross when the “RedBicycle” lights upor when the “GreenBicycle” light isflashing.Always look outfor and give way topedestrians.47

Module 3Non-Signalised CrossingsMarked CrossingsInformal CrossingsThese crossings are alsoknown as zebra crossings.They are indicated bythick solid white lineson the road and flashingyellow beacons.These crossings do nothave any indications ormarkings. They can be foundat junctions where the pathintersects with a road suchas carpark accesses andminor road junctions.UnderpassesUnderpasses with ‘GiveWay to Pedestrian’ signs areconsidered footpaths.Users of motorised PMDs(including e-scooters) andPABs must dismount andpush.Riding is prohibitedin underpasses withthe ‘No Riding’ sign.All device users,except PMA users,must dismount andpush.48

Module 3Overhead BridgesPedestrian OverheadBridgesRiding is not allowedon all pedestrianoverhead bridgesand their connectingramps unless theyare marked with thebicycle logo.Do not ride acrossoverhead bridges.Pedestrian OverheadBridges with WheelingRampsWheeling rampsmake it easier tobring devices acrossoverhead bridges.Use the wheelingramp to push yourdevice up the stairs.Do not ride acrossoverhead bridges.49

Module 3Pedestrian OverheadBridges WithoutWheeling RampsYou should carryyour device up thestairs. If you areunable to do so, usethe next availableroad crossing.Do not ride acrossoverhead bridges.Bicycle BridgesThese havededicated pedestrianand bicycle lanemarkings.Ride within thedemarcated bicyclelanes in an orderlymanner.50

Module 33.2.5 On-Road Traffic SignsPAB riders must obey all mandatory and prohibitory signs. Noncompliance is an offence.Mandatory SignsSTOPGIVE WAYStop before theWHITE line. Giveway to trafficfrom the rightand the left.Slow downand stop ifnecessary. Giveway to traffic onmajor road.LEFT TURN ON REDIndicate yourintention to turn.STOP-CHILDRENStop and look out forpedestrians crossing theroad.Stop at the red lightand give way topedestrians crossing.Gi

1.6 Pre-Ride Preparation 1.7 Guidelines for Riding on Public Paths 1.8 Guidelines for Riding on Roads 2.1 Device Criteria for PABs 2.2 Device Standards (EN15194) and Fire Safety 2.3 Maintenance of a PAB 2.4 Pre-Ride Equipment Check on PABs 2.5 Safety Gear and Attire 2.6 Parking, Security and Sto