Transcription
Residential Water HeaterTrainingWHTMG00608
IntroductionThe purpose of this manual is to provide training for consumers in the basic concepts ofresidential electric and gas storage type water heaters.This manual is organized into the following sections:Electric Water Heater PartsPhotographs, illustrations and a brief description of the parts of an electric waterheater.Electric Water Heater OperationHow standard electric water heaters transfer heat into water.Gas Water Heater PartsPhotographs, illustrations and a brief description of the parts of a gas water heater.Gas Water Heater OperationHow standard gas and FVIR water heaters transfer heat into water.ApplicationsTypes of water heaters available and their application.WaterCommon potable water sources and how water impurities affect a water heater.SpecificationsFormulas and information for determining the efficiency of a water heater.SafetyCorrosion, thermal expansion and excessive water temperatures.MaintenanceBasic water heater maintenance procedures.Sizing and PerformanceDefinition of hot water, how to determine hot water demand, water heater capacityand efficiency.Testing and StandardsQuality, safety and efficiency standards for water heaters.DefinitionsCommon terms used throughout this manual.Residential Water Heater TrainingV5.2008Upon completion of this manual, the reader should have a basic understanding of electric andgas water heater operations, applications, performance, service issues, safety issues and industrystandards.This manual does not assume any particular skill level or experience of the reader. A. O. Smith does not accept anyliability for incomplete, outdated or incorrect information provided in this manual. Improper servicing of waterheaters can result in property damage, bodily injury or death. Do not attempt to service any water heater if youhave any doubt about your ability to do so. Consult a qualified professional.2Copyright by A. O. Smith 2008. All rights reserved.
Index2458101114151620243032353638404246Photo Index:Electric Water Heater Jacket .Electric Water Heater Insulation . .Electric Water Heater Tank .Electric Water Heater Dip Tube . .Electric Water Heater Anode Rod .Electric Water Heater T&P Valve .Electric Water Heater Drain Valve .Electric Water Heater Element .Electric Water Heater Control Circuit .Heat Traps.Standard Electric Water Heater.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Element.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Control Board.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Circuit Board.Gas Water Heater Jacket .Gas Water Heater Insulation .Gas Water Heater Tank and Flue .Gas Water Heater Dip Tube . .Gas Water Heater Anode Rod.Gas Water Heater T&P Valve . .Gas Water Heater Drain Valve .Gas Water Heater Burner .Gas Water Heater Venting .Standard Gas Water Heater .FVIR Water Heater .Flames on Flame Trap.FVIR Thermal Cutoff Switch .FVIR Lint Shedding .Lowboy Water 232324Copyright by A. O. Smith 2008. All rights reserved.Table Top Water Heater.Point of Use Water Heater.Mobile Home Water Heater.Direct Vent Water Heater.Power Vent Water Heater . .Power Direct Vent Water Heater .Polaris Water Heater .Suspended Solids in Water.Milky Water .Scale on Elements .Depleted Anode Rod .Electric Reset Button .FVIR Lint Filter . .24252526272728303031323435Illustration Index:Standard Electric Cutaway View.Standard Electric Wiring Diagram .How Electric Water Heater Works .Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Cutaway View.Standard Gas Cutaway View .FVIR Cutaway View .Heat Traps .Standard Gas Valve Front View.Standard Gas Valve Side View . .How a Gas Water Heater Works.FVIR Gas Valve . .Atmospheric Venting .Direct Venting . .Venting Types.Power Venting.Power Direct Venting .Forced Air Hydronic Heat System . .Radiant Air Hydronic Heat System .Polaris Cutaway View .Lime Deposit Chart . .Scale on Bottom Head . .Galvanic Corrosion . .Collapsed Flue .Expansion Tanks .T&P Valve Operation .Common Water Temperatures by Application .Scald Warning Label . .Residential Water Heater Sizing Guide .Standby Heat Loss.Energy Guide Label 36373941Formula Index:Percentage of Hot Water Required .Water Use Per Activity .Gas Recovery Capacity .Electric Recovery Capacity . .37373838Residential Water Heater Training V5.2008Section Index:Introduction.Standard Electric Water Heater Illustration.Electric Water Heater Parts.Electric Water Heater Operation.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Illustration.Energy Smart Electric Water Heater Operation.Standard Gas Water Heater Illustration.FVIR Water Heater Illustration.Gas Water Heater Parts.Gas Water Heater Operation.Applications.Water . .Safety.Maintenance.Sizing and Performance.Specifications.Testing and Standards.Definitions.Topic Index.3
Standard Electric Water HeaterThis section provides an overview of electric water heaters. The first part of this section hasillustrations, photographs and a brief description of each part. The second part of this sectiondescribes the operation of standard electric water heaters. When this section is completed, thereader should have a basic understanding of how an electric water heater transfers heat intowater.Hot Water OutletCold Water InletJunction BoxNon-CFC FoamInsulationT&P ValveReset ButtonThermostatOuter JacketDip TubeAnode RodGlass Lined TankResidential Water Heater TrainingV5.2008Heating ElementDrain Valve4Copyright by A. O. Smith 2008. All rights reserved.
Electric Water Heater PartsOuter Jacket - The outer jacket of an electricwater heater consists of three pieces, thejacket top, jacket skirt and jacket bottom. Thejacket provides a space for insulation aroundthe tank, preventing the consumer fromcoming into contact with hot surfaces and toreduce energy loss. Connections extend fromthe tank through the outer jacket to provideplumbing connections for the cold water inletand the hot water outlet.Glass Lined Tank - A water heater tank isconstructed of three pieces of steel, a top head,a bottom head and a shell. These three piecesare welded together to form a tank that willwithstand a working pressure of 150 poundsper square inch. The interior of the tank iscoated with a ceramic material, baked on atabout 1600 degrees F, which will not break orcrack, unless it receives a blow severe enoughto dent the steel tank. This coating helpsprotect the tank from the corrosive effects ofhot water.PolyesterFoam DamCopyright by A. O. Smith 2008. All rights reserved.Dip Tube - The dip tube moves incoming coldwater to the bottom of the tank, preventingit from mixing with the stored hot water atthe top of the tank. Dip tubes are designedto withstand high water temperatures andare made of materials such as polypropylene,polysulfone and cross-linked polyethylene.Some dip tubes include integral heat trapsthat prevent heat from transferring back intothe plumbing lines, while others are designedto reduce sediment buildup in the tank.Residential Water Heater Training V5.2008Insulation - Between the tank and theouter jacket is a layer of thermal insulation.Three materials are used as insulation inwater heaters, non-CFC polyurethane foam,fiberglass and polyester. Non-CFC polyurethane foam is the more efficient of thesematerials and is injected through a port in theouter jacket in liquid form. This liquid expandsquickly, filling in the space between the tankand jacket, and then dries. Polyester or fiberglass is used around all openings and controlsto ensure that the non-CFC polyurethane foamdoes not cover these devices.5
Electric Water Heater PartsAnode Rod - The anode rod is a sacrificialpart, installed to reduce tank corrosion. A tankfull of hot water acts very much like a battery,with small electrical currents flowing betweenthe different types of metals. The anode rodis made of aluminum or magnesium, whichis more conductive than the steel of the tank.The electrical currents corrode the anode rodrather than the tank.Drain Valve - A child-resistant drain valve islocated near the bottom of the water heater.It provides a way to drain the water from theheater for maintenance purposes.Incoloy ElementPlated Copper ElementResidential Water Heater TrainingV5.2008Element - The element consists of an innerwire surrounded by filler material enclosedin a sheath of copper or stainless steel. Thethermostat allows electrical current to flowthrough the inner wire, and from the wire’sresistance, creates heat, which is transferredthrough the filler material to the outer sheathT&P Valve - The T&P, or temperature and and is then absorbed by the water. Elementspressure relief valve, is a safety device may be available in different wattages,designed to relieve excessive pressure on the and materials, to meet specific heatingtank, preventing it from bursting. This valve requirements.also activates to cool the tank by dischargingwater if the temperature inside the tank When installing a new electric water heater, orreaches 210 F. The T&P valve must never be following draining the tank for maintenancealtered, restricted or blocked, as this creates purposes, the tank should be completely rea hazardous situation where the tank could filled before a
Outer Jacket - The outer jacket of an electric water heater consists of three pieces, the jacket top, jacket skirt and jacket bottom. The jacket provides a space for insulation around the tank, preventing the consumer from coming into contact with hot surfaces and to reduce energy loss. Connections extend from the tank through the outer jacket to provide plumbing connections for the cold water .
