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VI LlContentsCHAPTE R 24C HAPTER 19COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES343PROMOTI NG FAMI LY HEALTH448Basic Concepts344Fami ly HealtbEthnocentrism and M edical Intransigence346Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Famil ies451NURSING MANAGEMENT453UNIT 5LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT361449VOLUME 2UNIT 6INTEGRAl ASPECTS OF NURSING 463C HAPTE R 20CONCEPTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT362363364364C HAPTER 25Stages of Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development TheoriesApplying Growth and Developme nt Concepts toNursing Practice376Nursing Theories on CaringTypes or Knowledge I II NurslllgFactors lnfl uenci ng Growth and DevelopmentConception and Prenatal DevelopmentNeonates and Infants (Birth to I Year)Toddlers ( I to 3 Years)Preschoolers (4 and S Years)School-Age Children (6 to 12 Years)Adolescents ( 12 to 18 Years)Young Adu lts (20 to 40 Years)Middle-Agen Anult (401065 Years)46446546547047 1473381382384390393396399C HAPTER 22PROMOTING HEALTH IN YOUNG ANDMIDDLE-AGED ADULTSProfessionalisation of CaringCaring EncountersMaintaining Caring PracticeC HAPTER 21PROMOTING HEALTH FROM CONCEPTIONTHROUGH TO ADOlESCENCECARINGCHAPTE R 26COMMUNICATINGCommunjcatingTherapeutic Relation hipsGroup and Team Communication483497502Communication and the Nursing ProcessNURSING MANAGEMENT505Communication Among Health Professio nals508409C l lAPTE R 27410415TEACHINGTeachingLearningCHAPTER 23482504517518521The Internet and Health lnformationNurse as Educator526424NURSING MANAGEMENT527Attitudes Toward AgeingGero ntological Nursing425426C HAPTE R 28Care Settings for Older AdultsAgeillg427429111e: Nurse as Leader and Manager547Psychosocial Ageing435Leadership547Cognitive Abilities and AgeingMoral Reasoning438438439ManagementClinical Governance550The Nurse as DeiegalorChangeTypes of Change554PROMOTING HEALTH IN OLDER ADULTS423Characteristics of Older Adults in AustraliaPhysjulu i alSpirituality and AgeingHealth ProblemsHealth A sessment and Promotion439442LEADING, MANAGING AND DELEGATING527546554555556

ContentsUNIT 7ASSESSING HEALTH561CHAPTER 29VITAL SIGNS562The Neurologic SystemSKI LL 30.17 Assessing the Neurologic SystemThe Fem ale G enitals and Ln guinal Area679680687SKI LL 30.18 Assessing the Female G enitals andInguinal AreaThe Male Genitals and Inguinal Area687689Body TemperatureSKI Ll29.1 Assessing Body TemperaturePulseSKJ Ll29.2 Assessing a Peri pheral Pul se563573SKI LL 30.19 Assessing the Male Genitals andInguinal AreaThe Rectum and Anus575SKI LL 30.20 Assessing the Rectum and AnusSKILL 29.3 Assessing an Apical PulseSKILL 29.4 Assessing an Apical-Radial Pulse5825845MbSKI Ll29.5 Assessing RespirationsBlood PressureSKILL 29.6 Assessing Blood PressureOxygen Saturation58959 1596599SKI LL 29.7 Measuring Oxygen Saturalion60 1CHAPTER 30607UNIT 8INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OFCLIENT CAREASEPSIS702Hospital-Acqui red infecti ons702703705707608General AssessmentSKI LL30.1 Assessing Appearan ce and Mental Status615616The IntegumentSKI LL 30.2 Assessing the Skin619SKI LL 30.3 Assessing the HairSKI LL 30.4 Assessing the NailsThe HeadSKILL 30.5 Assessing the Skull and FaceSKI LL30.6 Asses ing the Eye Structures andVisual Acuity625629Body Defences Against InfectionFactors Increasing Susceptibil ity to InfectionNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL31.1 Hand WashingIsolation PrecautionsIsolation Practi cesS Kl Ll 31.2 Do nning and Remov ing Personal ProtectiveEquipment (Gloves, Gown, Mask, Eyewear)SKI LL 30.7 Assessing the Ears and HearingSKI LL 30.8 Assessing the Nose and SinusesSKI LL30.9 Assessing th e Mouth and OropharynxThe NeckSKILL JO.JO Assess ing the NeckThe Thorax and LungsSKI Ll30.1! Assessing the Thorax and LungsThe Cardiovascul ar and Peripheral Vasc ul ar Systems638641643646The AtxlomenSKI LL 30.15 Assessing th e AbdomenThe Musc ul oskeletal SystemSKILL 30. 16 Assessing the Musc ul oskeletal 3700Types of InfectionsPhys ical Health Assessment023699CHAPTER 31Chain of InfectionSKILL 30.12 Assessing the Heart and Central VesselsSKI LL 30.13 Assessing the Peripheral Vascular SystemThe Breasts and AxillaeSKI LL 30.14 Assessing the Breasts and Ax illae691693693580Kespirati onsHEALTH ASSESSMENTIX7117 16720723724Sterile TechniqueSKILL 31.3 EstabUshing and Maintaining a Steril eFieldSKI LL 31.4 Donning and Removing Steri le Gloves(Upen Method)SKI LL 31.5 Donning a Steril e Gown and Gloves(Closed Method)Infection Control for Health Care WorkersRole of the Infection Control Nurse728736737738EV:l IIiMing738730734CHAPTER 32SAFETY744Factors Affecting Safety745748NURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 31.1 Using a Bed or Chair exit SafetyMonitoring DeviceSKI LL 32.2 Implementing Seizure Precauti onsSKI LL32.3 Appl ying Restraints76176377 1

X ContentsCHAPTER 33HYGIENE780Hygienic CareSkinNURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 33.:1 Bathing an Adult or Paediatric ClientSKI LL 33.2 Providing Perineal-Geniwl Care78178 178778679579779880 1802802ROl804809FeelNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL 33.3 Providing Foot CareNailsNURSING MANAGEMENTMouthNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL 33.4 Brushing and Flossing the TeethNURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 33.6 Providing Hair Care for Cl ientsSKI LL 33.7 Shampooing the Hair of a ClientConfined 10 BedEyesNURSING MANAGEMENTEarsSKI LL 33.8 Removing, Cleaning and Inserting alleari ng AidNoseSupporting a Hygienic EnvironmentMaking BedsSKI LL 33.9 Changing an Unoccupied BedSKI LL 33.10 Changing an Occupied BedFaClOrs Affecting Medication ACli ollROlltes of AdministrationMedication OrdersSystems of MeasurementAdmi nistering Medications SafelyOraJ Medicati onsSKI LL 35.1 Administering Oral MedicationsNasogastric and Gastrostomy MedicationParenteral MedicationsSKI LL 35.2SKI LL 35.3SKI LL 35.4SKI LL 35.5Preparing Medications from AmpoulePreparing Medications from VialsMilling Medications Using One SyringeAdministering an Intradermal Injectionfor Skin Test"SKlll 33.5 Prov iding Spec iaJ OraJ Care rur lbeUnconscious ClientHairDrug MisuseActions of Drugs on the Body8128 148148178 18820R20824825826826828829833SKI LL 35.6 Administering a Subcutaneous InjectionSKI LL 35.7 Administering an Intram uscular InjectionDIAGNOSTIC TESTINGDiagnostic Testing PhasesBlood Tests83984084 1SKJ Ll34.l OlJWillillg A Capillaly Blood Specimen lOMeasure Blood Glucose848Specimen Collection85 1SKI LL 34.2 Collecting a Urine Sample for Culture andSensitivity by Mid-stream Specimen of Urine (MSU) 855Visualisation Procedure86 1Aspiration/Biopsy863CHAPTER 35MEDICATIONS875Drug Standards876877879Legal Aspects of Drug Admi nistrati onEffects of Drugs9 139 16922SKI lL 35.8 Adding Medications La IlllfavellUus F luitlContainers925SKILL 35.9 Administering Intrave nous MedicationsUsing IV PushSKI LL 35.10 Administering Ophthalmic InstillationsSKI LL 35.11 Administering Otic InstillationsSKI LL 35.12 Adminislering Vaginal InstillationsRespiratory Inhalation929933936940942I rrigations944CHAPTER 36SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND CARE949Skin lntegrityTypes of Wounds950950951955958Pressure UlcersCHAPTER 3488088 18838848868888928988989029029089099 11Wound HeaHngNURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 36.1 Obtaining a Wound Drainage Specimenfor CultureSKlLL 36.2 Irrigating a Wound960973CHAPTER 37PERI OPERATIVE NURSINGTypes of SurgeryPreoperative PhaseNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL 37.1 Teaching Moving, Leg Exercises, DeepBreathing and CoughingSKI LL 37.2 Applying Antiemboli StockingsIntraoperative PhaseNURSING MANAGEMENTPostoperative Phase9879889909919951000100310041005

ContentsNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL 37.3 Managing Gastrointestinal SuctionS KJ LL 37.4 C leaning a Sutured Woumldllli10071015ApjJlyinga Sterile Dressing10 19VOLUME 0UNIT 9PROMOTlNG PSYCHOSOCiALHEALTH1031Components of the Sensory Experience1032Se.nsory Alterations10331033Factors Affecting Sensory Function1035NURSING MANAGEMENTSelf-ConceptFormation of Self-ConceptComponents of Self-ConceptFactors that Affect Self-ConceptNURSING MANAGEMENTLOSS, GRIEVING AN D DEATH1139Loss and GriefNURSING MANAGEMENTDying and DeathNURSING MANAGEMENT1I40PROMOTING PHYSIOLOGICHEALTH1056Normal MovementExercise105710591060106210 7 3Two NursesSKILL 44.7 Assisting the Client to Sit on the Side ofthe BedSKI LL 44.8 Assisti ng the Client to Ambulate10791080108 110831086CHAPTER 41Spi rituality DescribedRelated ConceptsSpiritual DevelopmentSpiritual Practices Affecting Nursing CareSpiritual Health and the Nursing ProcessNURSING MANAGEMENT109810991100Concepl of Stres Models of StressPhysiology of SleepFunctions of SleepNormal Sleep Patterns and RequirementsFactors Affecting S leepCommon Sleep DisordersNURSING MANAGEMENT1106PAIN MANAG EMENT1118111 9112011811196119611 9711 981198119911 991205CHAPTER 15SLEEP1102110211 06CHAPTER 42STRESS AND COPING11661I711175SKI LL 44.6 Bed to Chair (4-Poinl Frame) :SPIRITUALITY116411771077NURSING MANAGEMENT1163Factors Affecting Body A lignment and ActivitySexual HealthVarieties of SexualityAltered Sexual Function1152Effects of ImmobilityNURSING MANAGEMENTSKILL 44.1 Client-Assisted Bed Slide: One NurseSKILL 44.2 Bed S.lide: Two NursesSKILL 44.3 Lateral Shift and Roll : Two NursesSKI LL 44.4 Logroll ing a Client: Two to Four NursesSKILL 44.5 Bed to Chair Slide: One Or Two Nurses1074Sexual Response Cycle1149IU57Development of Sex ualityFactors Influencing Sexuality1146CHAPTER 44AGIVITY AND EXERCISECHAlJTER40SEXUALITY1127CHAPTER 431036CHAPTER 39SELF-CONCEPT11221126UNIT 10CHAPTER 38SENSORY PERCEPTIONIndicators of StressCopingNURSING MANAGEMENTXI1220122112231223122612281231CHAPTER 46The Nature of PainPhysiology of PainNURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 46.1 Providing a Back Massage12461247124912571280

Xl [ContentsCHAPTER 47Factors Affecting Respiratory FunctionNUTRITION1292SKI Ll47.3 Admjnistcring u Tube Feeding12931296129712991303130713 131313132713291333SKI LL 47.4 Administering a Gastrostomy orJejunostomy Feeding1335Essential NutrientsEnergy BalanceBody Weight and Body Mass StandardsFactors Affecting NutritionNutritional Variations Throughout the Life CycleStandards for a HealthyDi lAltered N utritionNURS ING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 47.1 Inserting a Nasogaslric TubeSKI LL 47.2 Removing a Nasogastric Tube1345Physiology of Urinary Elimi nationFactors Affecting Voiding13461348Altered Urine Production135 1Altered Urinary Elimination1352NURS ING MANAGEMENT1354SKlll48.1 Applying a Uri dome (Uri sheath) Catheter 1364SKI LL 48.2 Performing Urinary Catheterisation1367SKI LL 48.3 Performing Bladder Irrigation1375CHAPTER 49FAECAL ELIMINATION1386Physiology of DefecationFactors that Affect Defecation13871389139 1139513981406Faecal Elimin ation ProblemsBowel Diversion OstomiesNURS ING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 49.1 Administering an EnemaSKILL 49.2 Changing a Bowel Diversion StomaApplhmceNURSING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 50.1 Administering Oxygen by Cannula,Face Mask, Non-rebreather Mask or Face TentSKILL 50.2 Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal14 11112914411448SuclioningSKILL 50.3 Suctioning a Tracheostomy orEndotracheal TubeSKI LL 50.4 Providing Tracheostomy Care14521455CHAPTERS11467CIRCULATIONPhys iology of the Cardiovasc ul ar SystemLifespan ConsiderationsFaclors Affecting Cardiovascular FunctionAlterations in Cardiovascular FunctionCHAPTER 48URINARY ELIMINATIONAlterations in Respiratory Function14261428NURS ING MANAGEMENTSKI LL 51.1 Sequential Compression Devices146814731474147714791484CHAPTER 52FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-OASE OALANCEBody Fluids and ElectrolytesAcid- Base BalanceFactors Affecting Body Fluid, Electrolytes andAcid-Base BalanceDisturbances in Fluid Volume, Electrolyte andAcid- Base BalancesNURS ING MANAGEMENTSKJ II 52 1 Starting an Jntravenotls Infu sionSKILL S2.2 Monitoring an Intravenous InfusionSKILL 52.3 Changing an Intravenous Container,Tubillg i:lmJDrclS ill SKI LL 52.4 Discontinuing an IntravenollsInfusionSKILL 52.5 Changing an Intravenous Cannula to anIntermittent Infusion LockSKILL 52.6 Initiating, Maintaining and Terminatinga Blood 0154 11545CHAPTER SOOXYGENATIONStructure and Function of the Respiratory SystemRespiratory Regulation142214221426GLOSSARYINDEXG111

.- . .'. .: t"'0, . . . ",.'. ' " 0 " . , . '"f;. ;., .: . .!! 0' . j. . . .:.:.;. : . { !.:{H.'. : . ::.; . : . ;::::.::;.!.:·:.:·· . ··:·:·;·1.:· :::.: '." :0" .:. : "'.:":- ··::. . :.:"·r·::.::·.' ! . :···: '0. . . . . . . '0 :: .·:· : :· t.· :;.f '0' \ : . . :"':" " !"':. 't .: e' ., ;. .: :.; :.:. '0: ,0: . : !':.,.; ····:···: .:.i·#'. . . ( . : . '.'eo'.'. . .,. Ab.··O.u··:. :" tl1··e ····rG······ ··'··(j·t··." :" th'0".'. 5':.;'/". . . . . .:. .,.Y.-)\:". .::.' . . .:JI,:. ":"':"'" :. . 9 Xl Jo. ti .J , .' J. f.::···. ".:,, ' J':\: ':·\i·· ::r;.(. . ' . . : .t .'0-".: : .tr: "'. 'Audrey,0: : 0 :o, .Berman received herBS N from th e Uni ve rs ity of Ca li-forni a, San Francisco, and laterreturned to that campu s to obtainher MS in physiologic nursing andber PhD in nursing. Her dissenation was entitled Sailing a CoursethroltRIz chemotherapy; The ex-,periellce of women with breastcancer. She wo rked in onco logy atSam uel Merritt Hospital prior tobeginning her teachin g career in the diploma program atSamuel Merritt Hos pital School of Nursing in 1976. As afacu lty member, she parti cipated in the transition of that program into a baccalau reate degree and in the development ofthe master of science in nu rs ing program. Over the years, shehas taught a vari ety of medical-surgical nursing courses in theprelicensure programs. She currently serves as the dean ofShirlee J. Snyder graduated fromColumbia Hospital School ofNursing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,and subseq uently received a bachelor of science in nursing fromUniversity of Wisconsin- Milwau- ' . " .,:: ''.J. -: l nursing at Samuel Merritt College an affiliate of SutterHealth).Dr Bennan has travelled ex tensively, visiting nursing andhealth care institutions in Gennany, Israel, Spain, Korea, Bolswana Australia. Japan and Brazil. She serves on the board ofdirectors for the Bay Area Tumor Institute. Sbe is a member of theAmerican Nurses Association and Sigma Theta Tau and is a sitevisitor for the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Shehas twice panicipated as an NCLEX- RN item writer for theNational Council of State Boards of Nursing. She is cenified as anadvanced oncology nurse and as an AIDS educator and has preented locally, nationally and internationally on topics related tonu rsing education, breast cancer and technology in health care.Dr Bennan authored the sc ri pts for more than 35 nursingski lls videotapes in the I 990s. She was a co-author of the sixthand seventh editions of Fundamentals of nursing and, withShirlee Snyder, co-author of the fifth edition of Kozier & Erb'stechniques in cli"icalllursing.4kee:. Bt:cause of an inLt:rest in cardiac nursing and teaching, sheearned a master of science in nurs-assessment testing for student learning. She presented locallyand nationally on topics related to using multimedia in theclassroom and promoting etbnic and minority student success.Another career opponunity in t998 ted her to the Community College of Southern Nevada in Las Vegas, Nevada, whereDr Snyder was the nurs ing program director with responsibiliLies fur the associate degree and practical nurs ing programsfor five years, During this time she became involved in coauthoring the fifth edition of Kozier & Erb's techniques illing w ith a minor in cardiovascula rclillicalllursi1l8 with A udrey Be rman.clinical specialist and teaching fromthe University of Alabama in Binningham. A move to CaliforniarIn 2003, Dr Snyder returned to baccalaureate nursing educati on. She embraced the opponunity to be one of the nursingresulted in becoming a fac ulty me mbe r at Sa mue l M erritt H ospi -faculty teaching the first nurs ing c lass in the baccalaureatetal School of Nursing in Oakland, California, Shirlee was fonunate to be involved in the phas ing out of the diploma and ADNnu.rsing program at the first state college in Nevada, wh ichopened in 2002, She is currentl y the Associate Dean of theprogram s :mrl developme nt of a bacca laureate inte rcoll egiateSc hool of Nurs.i ng at Nevada State Coll ege in He nders.on,nursing program. She held numerous poSitions during her 15·year tenure at Samuel Menitt College, including cuniculum coordinator. assistant director-instruction. dean of instruction andassoc iate dean of Ule Intercollegiate N ursing Program. She is anassociate professor alumnus at Samuel Menitt College. Herinterest and experiences in nursing ed ucation resulted in Shirleeobtaining a doctorate of education focused in curriculum andinstruction from the University of San Franc isco.Dr Snyder moved to Portland, Oregon, in 1990 and taught inthe ADN program at Ponland Communi ty College for eightyears. During thi s teachi ng ex perience she became interested incomputer-assisted instruction (CAl) and initiated web-basedNevada.Dr Snyder is an advisory board member for lbe NevadaGeriatric Education Center and a member of the AmericanNu rses Association, Sigma Theta Tau, and a variety of taskgroups addressing the Southern Nevada nursi ng shonage, Shehas been a site vis itor for the National League for Nurs ingAccrediting Commission and the Nonhwest Association ofSchools and Colleges.Dr Snyder'S experiences in nursing education and teach ingkeep her current in nursing and nu rs i ng education. She appreciales all she has learnt from the students she has taught and herpast and present facu lty colleagues.'.

XIVAbout the Originating AuthorsBarbara Kozier was educated InVancouver,BritishColumbia,laught medical and surgical nursmg. pediatric nursing. psychiatric nursing and community nurs ing courses at the VancouverCanada. After obtaining a bachelorGeneral Hospital School of Nursing. Ms Kozier then enrolledat arts degree from the Universityof British Columbia, she entered

VOLUME 1 VOLUME 2 UNIT 1 UNIT 6 THE NATURE OF NURSING 1 INTEGRAl ASPECTS OF CHAPTER I Hjstorical and Contemporary Nursing NURSING 46:5 Practice 2 CHAPTER 25 Caring 464 CHAPTER 2 N