Transcription
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureauof Economic ResearchVolume Title: A Study of Moneyflows in the United StatesVolume Author/Editor: Morris A. CopelandVolume Publisher: NBERVolume ISBN: 0-87014-053-1Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/cope52-1Publication Date: 1952Chapter Title: IndexChapter Author: Morris A. CopelandChapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0843Chapter pages in book: (p. 585 - 600)
(References are to page numbers unless otherwise noted)Accounting approach; see SocialaccountingAccounting features, of mainmoney circuit,232, 234-6Accounting patterns, dismiss—32—4gu.tshed from habit patterns,Accounts, classification of, ChajSe. 4, 5, 6and 8, 189—91, 330deviations from rulesof;'seeArchimedes,of179—8].38—45defined as a sector,264,statement of paymentsand balances,Chap. 13by obligor,Carrol, Lewis,Cash account,Cash188'10 Sec. 1, 102Chap.balances-.—activeand idle,226-8,Angefl—Tntz 'theory of,changescomposition of,functions of, 145,Sees. 1 and 2303calculation of moneyflowsaccount for,A10l-characteristics of,23542-5of,174, 180,expenditures of,1156-7influence on moneyflOws,sources and dispositionsof funds, 1942,57—8,Chap. 13159—60statements of paysnents284—5and balances,Banks and U. S. monetary funds;see Banking sector259—60, 294Beers, behavior of,Board of Governors of the FederalReserve System; see Federal ReserveBonds, notes and debentures;Chap. Ssee Loan.fund balances,Book credit——a money substitute,and timing of transactions,asmail float in,national account of,valuation basis,Boulding, Kenneth,M. J.,Brill, Daniel H.,Bulls, characteristics of,8281—3152—3148—9153—4269—7121025, 283259—60, 294—5299Burns, Arthur H.,329Burton, Robert,Business cycles and monayflows;see 1.bneyflows, cyclical fluctuations in31, 217—23,240, 312—3Chap. 3.1Sec. 2234—5332—i219, 220,231,ratio of receipts to;Banking din,Bank credit,Bowman,A67—80classificationGNP expenditures,12—14Chap. 12 Sec. 212, 105, 217—21, 223—27,269, 272, 2766, 329Bach, C. L.,GNPProprietors andBurteerahipe at al—calculation ofmoneyflows accounts,Chap. 8Technical NoteAnalogues, physical, of the ctive cash; see Cesh balancesAgency transactions,see also Exhibit CAggregative approach,alao Chap. 12 Sec. 4Angell, James W.,Business enterprises, classification of,39—41Business transactions,Chap. 7 Sea. 4233—5see Turnover of moneysee also Currency and depositsCashbasis, of recording trans-actions,81—3Cash dividends, national account of, 66—7relationship to GNP63, 68, 74Cash interest, national account of, 66—7relationship to OMPaccounting for,63, 68, 74discretion of bankingsector over,282Cash surplus,303—4Cash transactions, total of,relation to ordinarytransactIons,Cash transfers, international,Catchings,199—202205728, 182W.,75—6, 105, 274Circular velocity; see Turnover of moneyCombined statements, 3.ifferencefrom consolidated statements,125Committee for EconomIc Developeent,169Commons, John B.,7Consolidated statements; seeCombined statementsCopeland,'!'brris A.,10, 24, 114, 283Cornfield, Jerome,41—2Corporate stock account; see]id—in—capitalaccountCredit, Mill's theory of,Currency and deposits,accountof,see alsonational70—1148—9Cash balancesCustomer moneyflows,national account of,17—8, 76-7, 8078-9
A238Dahlberg, Arthur,Darwin, Charles,Davenport, Herbert J.,2723788, 230, 325Debits, to individual bank15—6, 201—3, 205—6deposit accounts,Debts,111, 15232, 246bad,Definitional equations,Deficit, difference betweenand accrual computations,Demand and supply, relativecash124importance of,336-8329, 338Democritua,Discretion,over moneyflows, 212, 213, 215,226—7, 237—8, 253—4, 257—9, 312—3253—4, 312—24DiscretionaryDiscretionary role, identification of moneyflows sectors in, 260—1,266Discrepancies, and deviationsfrom uniform accounting; see Uniformity1pothesis,Dispositions of money—Financial moneyflows, Technicalcombined with Banking sector, 310—1263, A152—3GEl' expenditures of,identificationas transactor group,45—6net negotiable financial flows, 305premium receipts of,96role in moneyflows, 52—5, 57, 266statement of payments andbalances,116-7Federal Reserve Open Market Cosmitte'e, 283Federal Reserve System, 28:3, 286-8, 292—5Federal Crop Insurance Corporation,96Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 96,99, 203Federal Housing Administration,99Federal Savings and Loan Insurancetransactionsof In moneyflows version of GE?account,Dividends; see Cash dividends29429—31, 242—5, 275244272269Eulce, Stephen,1.0, 29, 81, 247—8,Equilibrium theory, general neoclassical and Keynesian approachesto,Evans—Cornfleld—Hoffenberg study,Final product expenditures,Financial groups, classifica-9651, 170—82tion into sector,42—3Financial inadvertence,Financial moneyi'lows—Distributive shares, identificationEquation of exchange,.calculation of moneyflowaaccount for;see Appendix BCorporation,20definition of,increment in cash balances as, 110see also Ordinary expenditures,Ecoles, )rriner S.,Electrical analo',diagram of,Ellis, Howard,Federal Government—292, 316analysis of,57—8, 144—68chart of,of households,108-Unegotiable flows,300—10role of,100, 234—5treataneot of in GNPperspective,73Financial statements, distinctionbatween accrual and moneyflowabasis,19, 124Financial turnover transactions,12see also DebitsFisher, Irving,]J,.4—5, 211, 280—1, 298,328, 338277—9250—141—2Exchange coordination, ee Chap. 13 Sec. 1Exchange Stabilization Fund,43, 243Expenditures, classification77, 80, 178-9of in GEP,ordinary; sea Ordinary expendituresdiscretion over; see DiscretionFoster, William T.,75—6, 105, 274 200Friend, Irwin,Free cashj see Cash balancesFunds, and flows, distinction between, 144Funds, sources and uses of; seaPayments and balances aDdDispositions of moneyCarey, George,Farms, calculation of moneyflows434—7account for,265, 147GNP expenditures of,identification as trans-actor group,statementand balances,Features of money circuit; seeSec.l38, 45of pamsnta130—112274Feilner, William,Federal credit policy; See Chap. 13 Sec. 1146—5143182and GE? accountGold standard,Governments, as transactors inmoneyflowa accounts,seeandChap.202Gold account, national,of the Treasury,327—846, 114also Federal GovernmentState and localgovernenteGreBbam'S LawGross cash pay, definition of,national account of,33617, 67, 1464—5relation to GE? accounts, 62, 180—1
A239Insurance carriers; see Life InsuranceGross national product—perspective, relation between26-.8,moneyflows accounts and,63, 68,72—4, 235—6, 251—3purchases Of by sectors, 171—82,261-6see also PerspectivesGross84—6Hart, A. G.,60—1Hawtrey, Ralph C.,in93—8accrual and in money—flows accounts,Interbank settlements,main money circuIt,260Haberler, Gottfried,Habit patterns, as contrasted with32—4accounting patterns,280—1, 292Hansen, Alvin H,,105, 27060—1, 105, 218, 23121—2, 249—50, 258Hoarding,see also Pulls, Bears and SheepHoffenberg, Irvin,41—2Households, calculation of money—A18-33flows account for,77, 172—3, 263,GNP expenditures,A145-6identification as transactor group,negotiable financial flows of,receipts of distributive99, 177—8not in199—200Interest; see Cash interestIntermediateproduct expenditures,see Nonfinal product expendituresInternational balance of trade, 132—7,see also Rest of the WorldsectorInternational cash transfers,treatmentstatementbalancea,ofpayments28, 182International gold standard,327—8International gold movements,Ricardian theory of,327International Benetary Fund,327International aoneyflows, application of discretionary bypothesis to, 33345307Key features of money circuit,and20, 100, 105—138.180 Chapter 4Keynes, 3. N.,Kisselgoff, karen,Kuznets,Hydraulic analog', description31, 240—4of,241—2, 267-76implications of,Chap. 12Sec. 13m moneyflows,see also HydraulicWasaily,Lessorship, treatment of,leontief,Idleanalogas trans-38, 45307183]26—7moneyflows accounts,9, 23, 319see also Groes National Product69Income in kind,24Income velocity,alsoTurnoverofmoneyseeInflation, application of social ac334—6counting approach to analysis of,Input—output analysis; see Leontieff184Ibside business funds,Instalments to contractors, national77—9, 83account for,Institutions, funâtions in coordina212tion of economic activity,31,. 3341—2account for,ChiP expenditures of,&38—59GIll' expenditures, 172—3, 264, A148—9identification22159Life Insurance Companies—calculation of moneyflowscash; see Cash balancesInduatrial corporations—calculation of moneyflowsactor group,negotiable financial flows,net product receipts,computation of,statement of payments andbalances,Imputed items, exclusion from250—1, 259, 274Simon,Lags,see. also Electrical ana1o'account,327in moneyflows and GIll'accounts,170—3shares,50894—5, 99for,Insurance premiums, nationalaccount for,rents, national account of,see also Net owner takeoutaHicks, 3. R.,Conpani.es end Other Insurance CarriersInsurance bensf its, national accountIdentification as ssctcr,73-4, 86Al08, 113265, k15845statement of payments andbalances,treatment of transactions134—5as offset settlements,Local Governments; see State sodLocal Governments sector138Loans and securities, convertibilityof,transactions in, see InanfundsLoanfunds, accounting for,over,categories of,definition of,discretion of transactorentrance into moneycircuit of,functions of,lasts, F. ,217145—168191107, 145215, 223109—fl215, 221—5,Chap. 13 Sec. 3105, 218, 221—4, 268, 277
A2.40Macblup, Fritz,268—9Mack, Ruth P.,105Main money circuit-accounting features of,232—7catalogue of transactions in, 189—91diagram of,244definition of,9—14, 196-9of transactoreover; see Discretionkey features of,232—3, 267—76Offset settlement transactions,Ordinary expenditur8s and receipts,Chaps. 4, 5 and 6, 189—90OtherInsurance Carriers—-calculationaccount for,Money, classical theory of,6, 248, 250—1'entrance into money circuit,111functions of,21—2, 214—18, 221—3,236-7meanings of,109—10quantity, mutually conditioningdiscretions of nonbank traneactorsbanking sector over,237—8, 289see also Cash balances andCurrency and depositsMoney-changer transactions,anddefinition of,12Money eoonony, development of,)loneyflovs—215—16Chap. 5 Sec. 2also Cash accountingcompositionof financial,296cyclical fluctuations in, 48, 250—1,,typesof,250, 253—5, 257—67, 333—7see also Chaps.3,47,484, 5, 6 and 8perspective, as compared withand imputation perspective,14and Chap. 4 Sec. 1timing of recording of30, Chap. 5 Sec. 2transactions in,relation to cash account,Chap. 10accrualrelation to National Incomeand Product account,23—7, 38—9, 61—3,68, 72—4, Chap.Morgan, Theodore,.9Paton, W. A.,Paid—in capital account,.Net money advanced or returned, Chap. ITechnical Note, Chap. 8, Chap. 33Net owner takeouts—definition of,17, 63national account for,relation to noncorporatefor an illustrative enter-.prizePayments, timing of,see also Lagsana1o'relation to Gross rents account,6227348—50, 52,Nonfinal product receipts,181170institutions, derivationfinal product purchases by, 179, 181Net product receipts, 47—8, Chap. 9 Sec. 3see also Product transactiousof139—45Chap. 5 Sec. 2, 236andPension funds, treatmentPersonal nces,24—5, Chap. 9 See. 3Personal savings,Chap. 2 Sec. 4,Perspectives, economic,Chap. 4 Sec. 1, Chap. 12 Sec. 4POstal Savings System, in bankingsector,43Primary.distribution,47—8, 182—7Product transactions,72-3, 169—71, 176,182—3Public PurposePayments—definition of,national account for,Quantity theory—forms of,92-390-1241, Chap. 3.2Technical Notesee also Money, Sydraulia ana1 ,ofexchangeReal Nstate Transfers—classification in meneyf]nwsaccount,179treatment of money' lows for,84-586national account fqr,64—562, 74income in GNP account,Nonprofit.103Chap. B Sec. 523—s, 72—I.see also Gross national productNewberry, F. D.,Nonfinal product expenditures,136—7Pay, in kind,see also Gross cash payPkyisente and balances, statements of—definition,103—5for various sectors, Chap. 7, 283—6271.44,-S265statement of payments andbalances,EquationNational Income,Al]h-123GNP expendittirea,Personalbasis of reporting,.; seeof monoyflowsidentification as sector,discretionsulmiazy of transactions in, 20, 172—5see also MoneyflowsMarshall, Alfred,110, 239Mill, John Stuart,70—1, 83, 96, 21].Mitchefl, Wesley C.,81, 10519,3,69—fl,93—7, 319treatment of in GNP accounte,Chap.9 Soc. 2Recession,260, 293, 297, .299; see also .Moneyflowa, oyolioa].fluctuations inRicardian theory of,.see also Gross rentsRent,73
424).Tax refunds, national account for,Technical transactions,Rest of the World—calculation of moneyflowaaccount for,120—1, 1139—44characteristics of moneyflows,account for,325—7grossing the acohunt for, Chap. 13Note on International moneyflowsGNP expendItures,18]., 265, laOidentificationas sector,negotiable financial flow,statement of payments andbalances,see also Gold accountRicerdo, theory of gold movements,theory of rent,Robertson, D. H.,105, 269,Rounding, rules employed in texttables,Secondarydistribution,8, 45308122—332773272, 274Chap. 6,114—5Chap. 9Sec. 2see also Transfer paymentsSectors, allocation of transactore into, 45see also titles of individualsectorsSecurityand Realty Firms et al—identification1511—2exclusion from moneyfloweaccounts,9, 190—1, 196-203, 320moneywork performad by,202—6types of,Trade credit; see12, 190—1Book creditTransaction cash; see Cash balancesTransactions, definition of,finannial; see Finanoial7—14moneyflowsordinary; see Ordinaryexpenditures and receiptstechnical; see TechnicaltransactionsTransactors, classification of, 37—47, 321definition of,discretion over moneyflows7—8of, 48, 50—7, 215, 226—7, 235-9, 312—4see also Discretionary hypothesisTinbergen, Jan,32Transfer payments, calculation of, 4203—4classification of,181flow of,53, 172—5Treasury currency,155, 158—9Turnover of money, 24, 31, Chap. 10 Sec. 3,217, 222, 224—5calculation of monayflowoaccount for,GNP expendituresot,90—1definition by lngell of,4124-38265, 4159as sector,42—45statement of payments andbalances,132—3Sheep, behavior of,259—66, 292—4see also Bulls and SearsSilver, treatsent of mint purchasesin moneyflovs accounts,Smith, Adam,27, 182211, 214Uniformity, in accounting prOcedures, 81—2in classification,150, 155in timing,87, 152—3in valuation,Ultiaatesector,153—472Sources of money; see Dispositions of monvSpencer, Herbert,29Social aocounting approach,16, 17see also Chap. 12 Sece. 1 and 2 andVelocity of money; see Turnover of money,Equation of exchange and TagsStandard Industrial Classification, 37, 38,Williams, J. IL,Willis, J. Brooke,Technical Note44State and Local GovernmantS—calculation of moneyflowsaccount for,GNP expenditures,identification as sector,statement of paymentsand balances,Surplus, as net income and as netmoney advanced or returned,see also Cash surplus481—99264, 4154—545, 46118—9124Tangibles, as storehouses of value, 216, 231222Taussig, F. W.,Taxes collected, national account for, 90—1185—94calculation of,88—9incidence of,, treatment in sioneyflowe andGNP accounts,88—9, 92, 180—1274270, 274
NATIONAL BUREAU PUBLICATIONS, 1921-1952GENERAL SERIES*1Income in the United States, Its Amount and Distribution,1909-1919 (1921)Wesley C. Mitchell, W. I. King, F. R. Macaulay, and168 pp.,1909-1919454pp.,. 5.15 1.580. W. Knauth*2 income in the United States, its Amount and Distribution,(1922)Wesley C. Mitchell (ed.), W. I. King, F. R. Macaulay, and0. W. Knauth*3 Distribution of Income by States in 1919 (1922)36 pp., 1.30.0. W. Knauth*4 Business Cycles and Unemployment (1923)448 pp., 4.10Committee on Unemployment and Business Cycles of thePresident's Conference on Unemployment, and a Special Staffof the National Bureau*5 Employment, Hours and Earnings in Prosperity and Depression, United States, 1920-1922 (1923)150 pp., 3.10W. I. King*6 The Growth of American Trade Unions, 1880-1923 (1924)Leo Wolman170 pp., 2.50306 pp., 3.50382pp., 2.507 Income in the Various States: its Sources and Distribution,1919, 1920, and 1921 (1925)Maurice Leven*8 BusinessAnnals(1926)W. L. Thorp, with an introductory chapter, Business Cycles asRevealed by Business Annals, by Wesley C. Mitchell9 Migration and Business Cycles (1926)258 pp.,Harry Jerome10 Business Cycles: The Problem and its Setting (1927). Listedalso as the first number under Studies in Business Cycles.514 pp.,Wesley C Mitchell*11 The Behavior of Prices (1927)S98pp.,F. C. Mills12 Trends in Philanthropy (1928)78 pp.,W. I. King'13 Recent Economic Changes in the United States (1929) 2 vols., 990 pp.,Committee on Recent Economic Changes of the President'sConference on Unemployment, and a Special Staff of theNational Bureau* 14 International Migrations (Statistics), I (1929)1112 pp.,Imre Ferenczi*15 The National Income and its Purchasing Power (1930)394 pp.,W.LKing*Out of print. 2.50 5.00 7.00 1.00 7.50 7.00 5.00
Corporation Contributions to Organized Commundy WelfareServices (1930)Pierce Williams and F. E. Croxton*17 Planning and Control of Public Works (1930)* 16348 pp., 2.00292 pp., 2.50716 pp., 5.00174 pp., 2.00326pp., 3.00666 pp., 5.00.480 pp., 4.00396 pp.,fpp.,f308 pp., 2.50692 pp., 5.00518 pp., 3.50166 pp., 1.25482 pp., 3.00Ebb and Flow in Trade Unionism (19361272 pp.,Leo Wolman31 Prices in Recession and Recovery (1936)602 pp.,Frederick C. Mills*32 National income and Capital Formation, 19191935 (1937)Simon Kuznets8½ x 12, 102 pp.,33 Some Theoretical Problems Suggested by the Movements of 2.50Leo Wolman*18international Migrations (interpreta:ions),.II (1931)W.*1920F. Willcox (ed.)The Smoothing of Time Series (1931)F. R. MacaulayThe Purchase of Medical Care through Fixed PeriodicPayment(1932).Pierce Williams*21. Economic Tendencies in the United States (1932)F. C. Mills22 Seasonal Vuiriations in Industry and Trade (1933)Simon Kuznets23 Production Trends in the United States since 1870 (1934)A. F. Burns24 Strategic Factors in Business Cycles (1934)256J. M. Clark25German Business Cycles,1924-1933 (1934)C.T.Schmidt26 industrial Profits in the United States (1934)R.C. EpsteinMechanization in industry (1934)Harry Jerome28 Corporate Profits as Shown by Audit Reports (1935)27.W. A. Paton29Public Works in Prosperity and Depression (1935)A. D. Gayer30 4.00 1.50.Interest Rates, Bond Yields and Stock Prices in the UnitedStates since 1856 1938)-612 pp., 5.00the introductory chapter to Mr. Macaulay's volume.*34 Commodity Elow and Capital Formation, Volume I (1938)Simon Kuznets8½ x 12, 518 pp.,*35 Capital Consumption and Adjustment (1938)296 pp.,Solomon Fabricant*36 The Structure of Manufacturing Production, 4 Cross-Section .25F.R. MacaulayTh,e Social Sciences and the Unknown Future, aView (1939)reprint of254 pp., 5.00 2.75 2.50C. A. Bliss*37 Theinternational Gold Standard Reinterpreted, 1914-1934 (1940)Adams Brown, Jr.2 vols., 1474Williamf Available, from.Augustus 'M. Kelley,Inc., 33pp., 12.00East 10th Street, New York 3, N. Y.
38 Residential Real Estate, Its Economic Position as Shown byValues, Rents, Family Incomes, Financing, and Construction,Together with Estimates for All Real Estate (1941)D. L. Wickens8½ x12, 330 pp, 3.50*39 The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937 (1940)710 pp., 4.50Solomon Fabricant40 National income and its Composition, 1919-1 938 (1941)1012 pp., 5.00Simon Kuznets*41 Employment in Manufacturing, 1899-1939: An Analysis of Its,Relation to the Volume 0/Production (1942)Solomon Fabricant'42 American Agriculture, 1899-1 939: A Study of Output,Employment and Productivity (1942)Harold Barger and H. H. Landsberg*43 The Mining Industries, 1899-1939: A Study of Output,Employment and Productivity (1944)Harold Burger and S. H. Schurr44 National Productin Wartime (1945)Simon Kuznets*45 Income from Independent Professional Practice (1945)Milton Friedman and Simon Kuznets46 National Product since 1869 (1946)Simon Kuznets47 Output and Productivity in the Electric and Gas Utilities,1899-1942 (1946)J. M. Gould48 Value of Commodity Output since 1869 (1947)W.H.Shaw382 pp., 3.00462 pp., 3.00474 pp., 3.00174 pp., 2.00636 pp.
Insurance carriers; see Life Insurance Conpani.es end Other Insurance Carriers Insurance bensf its, national account for, 94—5, 99 Insurance premiums, national account for, 93—8 in accrual and in money— flows accounts, 99, 177—8 Interbank settlements, not in main money circuIt, 199
