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1. Base your answer to the following question on Whichcellular organelle is represented by the diagram below?3. The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process thatoccurs in organisms.The substance labeled "catalyst" is also known asA) cell wallC) cell membraneB) moleculesD) protein2. An antibiotic is effective in killing 95% of a populationof bacteria that reproduce by the process shown below.A) a hormoneB) an enzymeC) an inorganic compound4. The function of a specific enzyme is most directlyinfluenced by itsA) molecular sizeC) carrying capacityB) physical shapeD) stored energy5. Sheep were the first species of mammals to be cloned.Which statement about cloned sheep is correct?Which statement best describes future generations ofthese bacteria?A) They will be produced by asexual reproductionand will be more resistant to the antibiotic.B) They will be produced by sexual reproduction andwill be more resistant to the antibiotic.C) They will be produced by asexual reproduction andwill be just as susceptible to the antibiotic.D) They will be produced by sexual reproduction andwill be just as susceptible to the antibiotic.A) Different kinds of body cells in a cloned sheepcontain different DNA.B) Cloned sheep cannot produce offspring if they aremated with noncloned sheep.C) Two sheep cloned from the same parent cannotmate and have offspring.D) Many cells in cloned sheep have two identicalnuclei, instead of a single nucleus.6. Compared to a normal body cell, a normal egg cellcontainsA)B)C)D)the same number of chromosomeshalf the number of chromosomestwice the number of chromosomesfour times the number of chromosomes7. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an animal'smuscle tissue is an indication that theA) animal is not adapted to the use of glucoseB) number of mitochondria in the muscle cells hasincreasedC) animal carries on a complex form of respirationduring daylight hoursD) muscle cells have been active during a period ofoxygen deficiency
8. An organism that reproduces asexually will haveoffspring that haveA) the same genetic information as both of its parentsB) different genetic information from either of itsparentsC) the same genes as its parentD) different genes from its parent9. The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules ispart of which process?A) cell divisionC) protein synthesisB) cellular respirationD) DNA replication10. One difference between plant and animal cells is thatanimal cells do not haveA) a nucleusB) chloroplastsC) endoplasmic reticulum11. Which statement best describes the enzyme representedin the graphs below?A) This enzyme works best at a temperature of35 C and a pH of 8.B) Temperature and pH have no effect on the actionof this enzyme.C) This enzyme works best at a temperature above50 C and a pH above 12.12. Offspring that result from fertilization each haveA) twice as many chromosomes as their parentsB) one-half as many chromosomes as their parentsC) gene combinations different from those ofeither parentD) gene combinations identical to those of eachparent
13. The diagram below represents a technique used to produce carrots.Which reproductive process determines the traits present in the cluster of cells?A) meiosisB) mitosisC) fertilization14. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents stages in the digestionof a starch, and on your knowledge of biology.The structure labeled X most likely representsA) a receptor molecule B) an enzymeC) a hormoneD) differentiation15. In the diagram below, which substance belongs in areaZ?A) waterC) carbonB) nitrogen16. Which substance is most likely represented by letter Xin the equation below?amino acid amino acid dipeptide XA) saltC) waterB) hydrochloric acidD) fatty acid17. Asexual reproduction of a diploid cell normally resultsin new cells that containA) more chromosomes than are found in the parentcellB) the n number of chromosomesC) the 2n number of chromosomesD) fewer chromosomes than are found in the parentcell
18. Which developmental process is represented by thediagram below?A) fertilizationC) evolutionB) differentiationD) mutation19. An investigation was carried out and the results areshown below. Substance X resulted from a metabolicprocess that produces ATP in yeast (a single-celledfungus).Which statement best describes substance X?A)B)C)D)It is oxygen released by protein synthesis.It is glucose that was produced in photosynthesis.It is starch that was produced during digestion.It is carbon dioxide released by respiration.20. The diagram below represents some stages that occur inthe formation of an embryo.Which statement best describes stage X?A) Stage X is a zygote and contains half the numberof chromosomes as the body cells of the parents.B) Stage X is formed by the process of meiosis and isknown as a gamete.C) Stage X is a zygote and is formed as a result ofthe process of fertilization.D) Stage X is formed by mitosis and is known as anegg cell.
21. Base your answer to the following question onthe information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) isapproximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH ofthe human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestineduring digestion is about 8.The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, andD.Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?A) AB) BC) C22. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order fromsimplest to most complex?A) cellstissuesorgansorgan systemsB) cellstissuesorgan systemsorgansC) organsorganismsorgan systemscellsD) D23. The diagram below represents a cell structure involvedin converting energy stored in organic molecules into aform used by animal cells.The arrows represent the movement of whichsubstances?A)B)C)D)carbon dioxide and sugaroxygen and ATPATP and carbon dioxideoxygen and sugar
24. Which cell organelle is composed of a series ofchannels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in thetransport of molecules?A) lysosomeB) cell wallC) endoplasmic reticulum25. Which phrase is an example of autotrophicnutrition?A)B)C)D)a cow eating grass in a fielda mushroom digesting a dead logan apple tree making its own fooda tapeworm feeding in the body of a dog26. What would most likely result if mitosis was notaccompanied by cytoplasmic division?A)B)C)D)two cells, each with one nucleustwo cells, each without a nucleusone cell with two identical nucleione cell without a nucleus27. In human skin cells, the products of a normal mitoticcell division areA) 4 diploid cellsC) 2 monoploid cellsB) 2 diploid cellsD) 4 monoploid cells28. Which sequence best represents sexual reproduction?A)B)C)D)mitosis gametes zygote fertilizationgametes meiosis mitosis fertilizationfertilization gametes meiosis zygotemeiosis gametes fertilization zygote29. The diagram below represents early stages of embryodevelopment.The greatest amount of differentiation for organformation most likely occurs at arrowA) AB) BC) CD) D30. Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato iscomposed of molecules that originally entered thesecells as what substance?A) enzymesC) amino acidsB) simple sugarsD) minerals31. In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respirationsimilar?A) They both occur in chloroplasts.B) They both require sunlight.C) They both involve organic and inorganicmolecules.D) They both require oxygen and carbon dioxide.inorganic produce32. Some deep-sea bacteria live near underwater volcanoesand make their own food using energy derived fromminerals coming from the volcanoes. These bacteriawould be classified asA) consumersC) photosyntheticB) producersD) abiotic33. A particular species of shark normally reproducessexually. In captivity, it was found that a female couldalso reproduce asexually. One negative result fromasexual reproduction isA)B)C)D)increased gene recombinationsincreased number of males produceddecreased number of eggs useddecreased biodiversity within the species
Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledgeof biology.A small water plant (elodea) was placed in bright sunlight for five hours as indicated below. Bubbles ofoxygen gas were observed being released from the plant.34. The bubbles of oxygen indicate that the plant isA) producing sugarC) releasing energy from waterB) making proteinD) carrying on active transport35. What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water in order to produce the oxygen gas?A) dissolved nitrogenC) an enzymeB) carbon dioxideD) a hormone36. From which flower part does structure A in the diagrambelow develop?37. Sexual reproduction in a species usually results inA) an increase in the chromosome number in theoffspringB) offspring genetically identical to the parentC) recombination of genesD) a decrease in biodiversity38. Which process uses energy to combine inorganicmolecules to synthesize organic molecules?A) respirationC) photosynthesisA) stamenC) antherB) petalD) ovaryB) digestionD) decomposition
39. The diagram below represents a plant cell.41. Spider plants can reproduce both sexually andasexually. The diagram below represents a spider plantreproducing asexually by a method known asvegetative propagation.For the process of photosynthesis, the arrow labeled Awould most likely represent the direction of movementofA)B)C)D)carbon dioxide, water, and solar energyoxygen, sugar, and solar energycarbon dioxide, oxygen, and heat energysugar, water, and heat energy40. An experimental setup is shown below.Which statement best describes the relationshipbetween the parent plant and the offspring in thediagram?A) The cells of the offspring contain half the amountof DNA as the cells of the parent plant.B) The parent plant provides genetic material to theoffspring through its gametes.C) The cells of the offspring have the same geneticcontent as the cells of the parent plant.D) The cells of the parent plant have more geneticdiversity, compared to the cells of the offspring.Which hypothesis would most likely be tested usingthis setup?A) Light is needed for the process of reproduction.B) Glucose is not synthesized by plants in thedark.C) Protein synthesis takes place in leaves.D) Plants need fertilizers for proper growth.42. A student is examining a specimen with a compoundmicroscope. Some of the steps she takes are listedbelow.A Focus under high power using the fine adjustment.B Center the specimen under low power.C Scan the field of view under low power.D Focus under low power using the coarse adjustment.E Adjust the diaphragm opening.What sequence of steps should the student follow?A) A-E-B-C-DC) C-E-D-B-AE) A-E-D-C-BB) D-E-B-C-AD) C-E-B-A-D
43. Scientists have successfully cloned animals, includinglarge mammals such as sheep. Which statementprovides the most likely reason that a human has notyet been cloned?45. The diagram below represents a change in guard cellsthat open and close pores in a plant.A) Humans have DNA that is structurally verydifferent from other mammals.B) Cloning can only he performed on animals thatnormally reproduce asexually.C) Human genes are made of too many differenttypes of simple sugars.D) Some people consider human geneticexperiments unethical.44. The diagram below shows stages of humanreproduction.This change directly helps toA)B)C)D)increase heterotrophic nutritionabsorb mineralsregulate water lossreduce seed production46. The diagram below shows how a coverslip should belowered onto some single-celled organisms during thepreparation of a wet mount.Why is this a preferred procedure?The direct result of fertilization is represented atA) AB) BC) CD) DA) The coverslip will prevent the slide from breaking.B) The organisms will be more evenly distributed.C) The possibility of breaking the coverslip isreduced.D) The possibility of trapping air bubbles isreduced.
47. In the setup shown below, which color light will causethe plant to produce the smallest number of gasbubbles?49. Which process is illustrated in the diagram below?A)B)C)D)asexual reproductionsexual reproductionreduction divisionnuclear fusion50. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below of a microscope and on your knowledgeof biology.A) redC) blueB) orangeD) green48. The graph below shows the results of an experiment inwhich a container of oxygen-using bacteria and strandsof a green algae were exposed to light of differentcolors.While viewing a specimen under high power, a studentnoticed that the specimen was out of focus. Which partof the microscope should the student use to obtain aclearer image?A) AWhich statement best explains the results of thisexperiment?A) The rate of photosynthesis is affected byvariations in the light.B) In all environments light is a vital resource.C) The activities of bacteria and algae are not related.D) Uneven numbers and types of species can upsetecosystem stability.B) BC) D51. A variety of plant produces small white fruit. A stemwas removed from this organism and planted in agarden. If this stem grows into a new plant, it wouldmost likely produceA)B)C)D)large red fruit, onlylarge pink fruit, onlysmall white fruit, onlysmall red and small white fruit on the same plant
52. Which phrase, if placed in box X, would correctly complete the flowchart shown below?A)B)C)D)Increased use of starch in root cellsIncreased concentration of glucose in leaf cellsDecreased ATP in root cellsDecreased concentration of oxygen in leaf cells53. Some variation must be present in a population in orderfor natural selection to take place. These variationsarise from mutations in the DNA andA) sorting of chromosomes during sexualreproductionB) combining of chromosomes during organdevelopmentC) changing of chromosomes during cloningD) removal of chromosomes during selectivebreeding54. An ecosystem is represented below.The organisms represented as algae and seaweed are found in the area shown due to which factor?A) pHC) light intensityB) sedimentD) colder temperature
55. The diagram below represents part of a life process in aleaf chloroplast.57. The diagram below represents some chemical eventsthat take place in one type of autotrophic nutrition.The arrows labeled A best representA) carbon dioxideC) energyIf the process illustrated in the diagram is interruptedby a chemical at point X, there would be an immediateeffect on the release ofA) chlorophyllC) carbon dioxideB) glucoseD) lactic acid58. Base your answer to the following question on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology. Thegraph illustrates the growth curves for two types ofbacteria (A and B) under differing pH values.B) nitrogenD) oxygen56. The green aquatic plant represented in the diagrambelow was exposed to light for several hours.Which gas would most likely be found in the greatestamount in the bubbles?In what environment did bacteria A grow best?A) oxygenC) ozoneA) neutralC) slightly basicB) nitrogenD) carbon dioxideB) slightly acidicD) very basic59. Which substance is a suitable indicator for detecting thepresence of starch in a plant cell?A) Fehling's solutionC) bromthymol blueB) pH paperD) iodine solution60. A brown-colored indicator was placed on the cutsurfaces of several bean seeds after the seeds had beensoaked in water. A blue-black color was observed oneach of the surfaces. The indicator was most likely usedto test for the presence ofA) acidC) a simple sugarB) starchD) carbon dioxide
61. When an organism reproduces asexually, it usually hasA) only one parent, and half as much DNA as theparentB) only one parent, and the same chromosomenumber as the parentC) two parents, and twice as much DNA as eitherparentD) two parents, and the same chromosome number aseach parent62. Base your answer to the following question onthe diagram below which represents a cross section ofpart of a leaf.Which life functions are directly regulated throughfeedback mechanisms associated with the actions of thestructures labeled X?A)B)C)D)excretion and immunitydigestion and coordinationcirculation and reproductionrespiration and photosynthesis
Base your answers to questions 63 and 64 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Thediagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane.63. A sample from solution A and solution B were each tested with blue-colored glucose indicator solutionbefore the solutions were placed in the beaker. Which row represents the results?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 464. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?A)B)C)D)Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.Solution A will contain all of the water molecules.Solution B will remain unchanged.Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A.65. Which term best defines a bacteria that can survivewithout oxygen?A) aerobicC) heterotrophicB) anaerobicD) saprophytic
66. The diagram below represents movement of a largemolecule across a membrane.Which process is best represented in this diagram?A) active transportC) protein buildingB) diffusionD) gene manipulation67. The fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane suggeststhat the membrane is primarily composed ofA)B)C)D)proteins and starchescarbohydrates and lipidssugars and proteinsproteins and lipids68. Red onion cells undergo the change represented in the diagram below.This change is most likely caused by the cell being transferred fromA) distilled water to salt waterC) salt water to distilled waterB) salt water to tap water
69. In the diagram below, which letter indicates the cellpart in which the changes involved in mitosis firstbecome evident?A) AB) BC) CD) D70. The diagram below represents a specialized cell located in the root of a plant. The arrows in the diagramindicate the movement of molecules of oxygen and water into the cell.Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the process responsible for the movement of each type ofmolecule represented in the diagram?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4
71. Which process accomplishes the movement of gasesillustrated by the arrows in the diagram below?75. The sequence of events occurring in the life cycle of abacterium is listed below.(A) The bacterium copies its single chromosome.(B) The copies of the chromosome attach to the cellmembrane of the bacterium.(C) As the cell grows, the two copies of thechromosome separate.(D) The cell is separated by a wall into equal halves.(E) Each new cell has one copy of the chromosome.This sequence most closely resembles the process ofA) transpirationC) phagocytosisB) diffusionD) osmosis72. The diagram below shows a microscopic view of thelower epidermis of a maple leaf.A)B)C)D)recombinationzygote formationmitotic cell divisionmeiotic cell division76. Which is a true statement about the process illustratedbelow?The area indicated by letter X is known asA) a stomateC) xylem tissueB) a lenticelD) phloem tissue73. All the information necessary for growth, development,and eventual reproduction of sexually reproducingorganisms is present inA)B)C)D)sperm cells, onlyegg cells, onlyzygoteseither sperm cells or egg cells74. While viewing a specimen under high power of acompound light microscope, a student noticed that thespecimen was out of focus. Which part of themicroscope should the student turn to obtain a clearerimage under high power?A) eyepieceC) fine adjustmentB) coarse adjustmentD) nosepieceA) It is the beginning of embryonic development andoccurs only in a freshwater environment.B) It is the beginning of regeneration and occurs onlywithin the female.C) It is the beginning of embryonic developmentand occurs within the female or in water.D) It is the beginning of ovule formation and occurson the stigma of flowers.
Jan 16, 2016 · 21.Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The pH of the internal environment of
