WIXLIB

3RCQuestions 1–61234567891011121314151617181920212223A green leaf is green because of thepresence of a pigment known as chlorophyll,but chlorophyll is not the only pigment in aleaf. Leaves also contain yellow and orangepigments that are present in the leafthroughout its life, and red and purplepigments that develop under certain conditionsin the late summer. However, as long as the leafhas plenty of chlorophyll, green will be thedominant color.Chlorophyll has a vital function: itcaptures solar rays and utilizes the resultingenergy to manufacture the plant's food througha process called photosynthesis, which can alsobe observed in algae. The simple sugars thatare produced during this process from waterand carbon dioxide gas are the sole source ofthe carbohydrates the plant needs for growthand development.Throughout the spring and summer, theplant continually replenishes the chlorophyll inits leaves so that they can keep producing itsfood. In late summer, as daylight hours 45and temperatures cool, the veins that carryfluids into and out of the leaf are graduallyclosed off as a layer of special cork cells formsat the base of each leaf. As this cork layerdevelops, the flow of chlorophyll into the leafdecreases, slowly at first, and then rapidly.Eventually, the flow of the replacementchlorophyll cannot keep pace with the rate atwhich the chlorophyll is used up, and the leafbegins to change colors. Without thechlorophyll there to mask them, the yellow,orange, red, and purple colors of the other leafpigments begin to show through.The colors revealed by the absence ofchlorophyll can be vibrant and beautiful,though they only last for a few weeks in the fall.Certain areas, like southern Canada and theeastern United States, are even internationallyfamous for the brilliance of their “fall foliage.”These areas and others often attract touristscalled “leaf peepers” who travel great distancesfor a chance to see the changing leaves.Go on to the next page Ivy GlobalPRACTICE TEST 3 141

3RC1.According to the passage, a leaf’s supplyof chlorophyll is replenished by4.(A) the formation of cork cells at the baseof each leaf.Which question could be answered byinformation given in the passage?1(A) What causes the seasons to change?(B) Why are leaves green, and why dothey change color?(B) water condensation from theatmosphere.(C) Why are some trees always green?(C) veins that transport fluids into eachleaf.(D) Why do plant leaves contain yellowand orange pigments?(D) the production of carbohydrates.5.2.As it is used in line 11, “vital” most nearlymeans(A) explain why leaves are green.(A) critical.(B) provide evidence that contradicts thefirst paragraph.(B) energetic.(C) active.(C) describe the role of chlorophyll inplants.(D) refreshing.3.(D) summarize the main idea of thepassage.Red, yellow, and purple leaf pigmentsreveal themselves(A) during the process of photosynthesis.(B) when a leaf has less chlorophyll.The function of the second paragraph(lines 11–19) is to6.It can be inferred from the passage thatthe more chlorophyll a leaf has(C) on cloudy days.(A) the greener it will be.(D) when a leaf has more chlorophyll.(B) the less green it will be.(C) the less food it can produce.(D) the colder it will be.Go on to the next page PRACTICE TEST 3 142Ivy Global

3RCQuestions 72829Nicknamed the “City of Angels,” LosAngeles is a global city, known for its strengthsin business, entertainment, media, technology,and sports. The city is home to renownedcultural institutions like the Hollywood Bowland Getty Center, and is one of the mostsubstantial economies within the United States.But this paradise is not without itsproblems: owing to its geography, and heavytraffic, Los Angeles suffers from debilitating airpollution in the form of smog. The Los AngelesBasin is susceptible to atmospheric inversion,meaning the air closest to the earth’s surface iscolder than the air above. This phenomenontraps the cooler air and the exhaust from roadvehicles, airplanes, and other sources close tothe ground. Further, unlike other large citiesthat rely on rain to clear smog, Los Angeles getsonly 15 inches of rain each year, allowingpollution to accumulate over many consecutivedays. These factors make smog a pressing issuefor the city, and the 2006 and 2007 annualreports of the American Lung Associationranked the city as the most polluted in thecountry.To tackle this issue, Los Angeles decidedto take a legal approach. In 2008 a law waspassed allowing the city to collect fees fromthose using its port for shipping, with the 525354555657raised directed to local air quality projects. Thestate of California also updated its emissionstandards in 2012, making them the strictest inthe country. As a result, the number of severesmog alerts in Los Angeles has declined fromover 100 per year in the 1970s to almost zeroin recent years. Smog is expected to continue todrop in the coming years due to newtechnologies like electric and hybrid cars.Despite these improvements, much workremains to be done. Indeed, in 2013 LosAngeles was still ranked as having the nation'sworst smog. One opportunity that the cityshould consider is working to improve itspublic transit system. While Los Angelesalready has an extensive bus network, which isthe second busiest in the country, only about10% of the city’s residents make use of it. Bycontrast, other large American citiessometimes see a quarter or more of theirinhabitants opting for buses, subways, andtrains; in recent years over 50% of New YorkCity residents used such methods to travel towork. Encouraging more citizens to utilizepublic transportation rather than taking theirown cars could be the final piece of thepollution puzzle that gives Los Angeles thecleaner air it craves.Go on to the next page Ivy GlobalPRACTICE TEST 3 143

3RC7.The main purpose of this passage is to(A) describe the history of innovation inlos angeles.8.1(B) explain the concept of atmosphericinversion.(A) The measures Los Angeles hasalready taken to limit smog have beenhelpful but insufficient.(C) discuss the problem of smog in losangeles and some possible solutions.(B) So far Los Angeles has done nothingto fight smog.(D) argue for better public transit in losangeles.(C) Even without further action, thecurrent levels of smog in Los Angelesare acceptable.Which best describes the way the passageis organized?(D) Improving public transit is the onlyway to further reduce smog in LosAngeles.(A) A series of contradictory solutionsare presented.(B) A problem and early solutions aredescribed, and a further proposal isdiscussed.(C) A popular view is presented and thenchallenged by scientific evidence.(D) A problem is introduced and thenanalyzed.9.10. The author is most likely to agree withwhich one of the following statements?In line 21 “pressing” most nearly means(A) serious.(B) forceful.(C) chronic.(D) constricted.11. According to the passage, besidesgeography, the largest cause of smog andpollution in Los Angeles is(A) industry.(B) entertainment.(C) climate.(D) transportation.12. It can be inferred from the passage thatelectric and hybrid cars(A) produce more pollution thantraditional cars.(B) cannot be used in the los angelesbasin.(C) will encourage more citizens toutilize public transportation.(D) produce less pollution thantraditional cars.Go on to the next page PRACTICE TEST 3 144Ivy Global

3RCQuestions 13–18123456789101112131415161718192021222324To buy a horse was my greatestambition. My father died; and as misfortunesseldom come singly, the horse on which myfamily depended to till our scanty fields diedshortly after its owner. Whenever the springarrived, our one chance to plant a crop was tohire a mule from our nearest neighbor, thetanner. I was the eldest son, and my motherhad only my work to offer in payment. Thetanner always greeted this proposition coldly.The mule was needed to haul up piles of barkfrom the depths of the woods to the tanyard.Then, too, he had his own crops to plant.Although the mule was a multifarious animalthat ploughed and worked in the bark-mill, andhauled bark from the woods, and took longjourneys with the wagon or under the saddle, itwas impossible for her to be in all the places inwhich she was urgently needed at the sametime. Therefore, to hire her out hardly seemedto benefit her master. Nevertheless, thisbargain was struck every spring. My povertystricken mother always congratulated herselfupon it, and it never occurred to her that amount of work that I did in the tanyard wasmore than enough payment for the few daysthat the tanner’s mule ploughed our little fields.I, however, was beginning to see that aboy to drive that mule around the bark-millwas as essential as the mule himself. AsProvidence had failed to furnish the tannerwith a son for this purpose - his familyconsisting of several small daughters—Isupplied a long-felt want.I appreciated that my mother wasoverreached, yet I could not see that she coulddo otherwise. I sighed for independence, for alarger opportunity. As I drove the mule roundthe limited circuit, my mind was far away. Ianxiously canvassed the future. I cherishedfiery, ambitious schemes–but always with asense of their futility. With my time thusmortgaged, I thought that my help to mymother was far less than it might be. But until Icould have a horse of my own, there was nohope—no progress. And for this I planned, anddreamed, and saved.Go on to the next page Ivy GlobalPRACTICE TEST 3 145

3RC13. When did the family’s horse die?(A) in the spring.(B) before the father died.(C) after the father died.(D) while it was plowing the field.14. What deal was struck every spring?(A) The tanner gave the narrator’s familysome bark, and the narrator’s motherlent him their horse.(B) The narrator drove the tanner’swagon, and the tanner helped thenarrator’s mother in the field.(C) The narrator gave the tanner hiscrops, and the tanner gave thenarrator a horse.(D) The tanner lent the narrator’s motherhis mule, and the narrator did workfor the tanner.15. What is the most likely reason that thenarrator’s family always struck this dealin the spring?(A) The spring was the time of the yearwhen they needed to till their fieldsto plant a crop.16. The passage answers all of the followingquestions EXCEPT which one?1(A) Did the narrator have an olderbrother?(B) What did the narrator’s family needthe mule for?(C) What did the narrator want morethan anything?(D) How many siblings did the narratorhave?17. In line 31 the word “furnish” most nearlymeans(A) provide.(B) appoint.(C) include.(D) trade.18. Which phrase means most nearly thesame as “this bargain was struck” (lines21-22)?(A) this deal was made.(B) we hit upon an idea.(C) the bargain was rejected.(D) we were astonished at the bargain.(B) Their old horse died in the spring.(C) The spring was the time of the yearwhen the tanner didn't need to usethe mule.(D) It was too cold to walk to the tanner'shouse during any other time of theyear.Go on to the next page PRACTICE TEST 3 146Ivy Global

3RCQuestions oudly raising four fingers—representing the four stripes of the Catalanflag—the enxaneta is greeted by uproariousapplause, which he or she can usually enjoyonly for a moment before scrambling down theother side of the human tower known as acastell.“Castell” is the Catalan word for, as anEnglish-speaker might guess, “castle.” Castellsare a Catalan tradition dating back to the 18thcentury, when they were first built during localfestivals in the city of Valls. Today, castellteams—or colles—build elaborate humantowers during festivals throughout Catalonia,as well as in competition.While castell teams were traditionallyall-male, today’s colles are as diverse as thecommunities they come from, uniting men andwomen of all ages in a feat that is bigger thanthemselves. Each level of the castell is formedby two to five people standing on the shouldersof those in the level below. The enxaneta is thebrave soul, almost always a child, who climbsto the top of a castell to mark its completion.Then begins the treacherous process 9dismantling the many levels (as many as ten) ofcastellers who make up the tower. This is themost treacherous stage of the activity, whenparticipants are most likely to fall. But thedanger is not quite as great as it might seem—hundreds of supporters form a pinya, or base,for the castell, cushioning the fall of thecastellers in case of collapse. In ademonstration of the sportsmanship foundamong castellers, when not competing evenmembers of rival colles will assist in forming apinya for another team that is attempting tobuild a particularly difficult structure.The traditional outfit for castellersusually consists of a pair of white trousers anda colorful shirt, often bearing the crest oremblem of the casteller’s team. The castellersgenerally do not wear protective equipment,with the exception of a sash, which providessupport for the lower back. Indeed, castellerstypically do not even wear shoes, which couldinjure the people on the lower levels of theCastell, and can actually make it harder tobalance.Go on to the next page Ivy GlobalPRACTICE TEST 3 147

3RC19. Which of the following statements wouldthe author most likely NOT agree with?22. According to the passage, what is the roleof the pinya (lines 29-33)?1(A) The completion of a castell is anexciting moment for the audience.(A) The pinya is a crowd of fans that willcheer the castellers even if they fail.(B) Today’s castell teams are better thanthose of the 18th century.(B) If the castellers lose their balance andfall, the supporters in the pinya willhelp them back onto their feet.(C) Building a castell is an impressiveachievement.(D) Castellers are actually safer than theiraudience might imagine.20. Which best expresses the main point ofthe passage?(A) Building castells started in the 18thcentury all over Catalonia as anactivity that brought men and womentogether.(B) Castells were first built by all-maleteams in 18th century Valls; today,men, women, and children build themtogether all over Catalonia.(C) Castells were once popularthroughout Catalonia but today aremainly built by the inhabitants ofValls.(D) Building castells is a new sport thatwas designed to heal social rifts byuniting diverse groups in pursuit of acommon goal.21. The attitude of the author towardscastells is best described as(A) alarmed.(C) If the castellers lose their balance andfall, they will fall safely onto the pinyainstead of hitting the ground.(D) The pinya is the child who goes to thetop of the castell to signal itscompletion.23. Which best describes the organization ofthe passage?(A) A specific event is introduced, andthen its history and process aredescribed.(B) A hypothesis is presented andarguments to support it are provided.(C) A specific event is introduced andthen criticized.(D) An opinion is presented, followed byfacts to support that opinion.24. In line 13 the word “elaborate” mostnearly means(A) complex.(B) frilly.(C) modest.(D) compact.(B) critical.(C) disbelieving.(D) admiring.Go on to the next page PRACTICE TEST 3 148Ivy Global

3RCQuestions 25-301The following is an excerpt from a speech by Lyndon B. Johnson, delivered in 1964.123456789101112131415161718A third place to build the Great Society isin the classrooms of America. There yourchildren's lives will be shaped. Our society willnot be great until every young mind is set freeto scan the farthest reaches of thought andimagination. We are still far from that goal.Today, 8 million adult Americans, more thanthe entire population of Michigan, have notfinished 5 years of school. Nearly 20 millionhave not finished 8 years of school. Nearly 54million -- more than one quarter of all America-- have not even finished high school.Each year more than 100,000 high schoolgraduates, with proved ability, do not entercollege because they cannot afford it. And if wecannot educate today's youth, what will we doin 1970 when elementary school enrollmentwill be 5 million greater than 1960?1920212223242526272829303132333435In many places, classrooms areovercrowded and curricula are outdated. Mostof our qualified teachers are underpaid, andmany of our paid teachers are unqualified. Sowe must give every child a place to sit and ateacher to learn from. Poverty must not be abar to learning, and learning must offer anescape from poverty.But more classrooms and more teachersare not enough. We must seek an educationalsystem which grows in excellence as it grows insize. This means better training for ourteachers. It means preparing youth to enjoytheir hours of leisure as well as their hours oflabor. It means exploring new techniques ofteaching, to find new ways to stimulate the loveof learning and the capacity for creation.Go on to the next page Ivy GlobalPRACTICE TEST 3 149

3RC25. The passage above mainly focuses on(A) arguing for improvements in theeducational system.28. When the speaker says that “we must giveevery child a place to sit” (line 23), he ismaking reference to1(B) outlining the problems witheducation.(A) the large number of adults who havenot graduated from high school.(C) encouraging more peop

Ivy Global ISEE PRACTICE Look inside this book: Table of Contents Lower Level - Quantitative Reasoning (p 45-53) Middle Level - Reading Comprehension (p 140-152) Upper Level - Mathematics Achievement (p 250-259) Version 1.0 Distribution of our PDF files without consent is prohibited by law. Downloaded files may include a digital signature to track